How should farmyard manure be fermented? What are the hazards of unrotted farm manure?

Methods of pests and diseases: In human and animal excreta, there are many kinds of germs and parasite eggs. What we can see with our eyes is that when digging up animal manure, it is common to dig up grubs.

Naturally, there are more pests and diseases; When the stable is wet and cold, sprinkle some sandy soil on it. In this kind of soil, some germs will be brought: such as brown spot pathogens, root nematode pathogens, etc.; In the stems, it will contain some germ larvae; Wild grasses not only contain pests and diseases, but also have a large number of grass species.

Therefore, the use of farmhouse fertilizer must be reused after manure, so as to be beneficial to the digestion, absorption and full use of crops, and will not get twice the result with half the effort.

Fresh animal manure is slowly fermented in the soil at first. In the case of fermentation, a lot of calorific value and a part of nitrogen dioxide will be emitted, and it is also necessary to clean up the nutrients in the soil. It will cause damage to the plant flowers and burn the seedlings.

Because farm manure is mostly composed of livestock and poultry manure, most of the animal manure has Schizocephalus, ciliates and their pathogens remaining. After being introduced into the soil, the pathogenic bacteria do not die, but live again.

Compete for crop fertilizer and water. In the case of unfermented organic matter being fermented and rotten, considering the breeding of microbial strains, this microbial strain will compete with crops for water and organic fertilizer, resulting in difficulties for crops to digest and absorb water and nutrients, which will harm the growth and development of crops. Toxic gases are released and damage crops.

In the case of fermentation of organic fertilizer, some harmful gases will be released, and the roots and young seedlings of crops will be harmed by this toxic gas. Breeding for underground overwintering insect infestations. Unfermented organic fertilizer is rich in a lot of animal organic matter, which becomes a winter site for many insect pests, which is not good for preventing pests and diseases.

The use of manure fermentation is a little better farmhouse fertilizer can usually give crops abundant and sustainable nutrients, humic acid contains microbial flora, the existence of size element fertilizer effect can not only improve the loose air permeability of the soil, promote the development of rhizomes and robust crops, produce organic chemistry green and healthy agricultural products, and finally make farmers rich. If you use farmhouse fertilizer that has not been fermented for crops, not only can you not receive the above practical effects, but also may cause root burning, seedling inversion, corrosion of pests and diseases, etc., resulting in yield restriction damage.

Farm fertilizer can accumulate some leftovers or manure in life, and can be used as fertilizer after fermentation.

It is necessary to pay attention to the light, so that the fermentation can be carried out better, and the non-fermented farm manure may cause the plant to rot.

Natural accumulation and fermentation When the farmhouse manure is fermented and rotted, you can choose the method of natural accumulation and fermentation, regularly clean the poultry enclosure, and concentrate the manure on the farmland or open land where the cultivation is suspended, and receive sunlight. Unrotted farm manure often contains a large number of germs, insect eggs and grass seeds, which can easily cause crop diseases, insects and weeds, and also pollute the environment.

The easiest way to ferment farmyard manure is as follows:

1. Raw materials: The raw materials of farm fertilizer are crop straw, dead branches, leaves and miscellaneous herbs, kitchen waste, human and animal manure, etc., and the proportion of human and animal manure is not less than 10%, so that the fertilizer has a good fermentation effect.

2. Mixing: Mix all the raw materials in the grip cavity evenly, add a certain amount of water, so that the water content in the fertilizer is about 50% 60%, and then mix in the special compost fermentation agent, so that the fermentation is fast and thorough.

3. Accumulation: These mixtures are stacked up for fermentation, the bottom width is 2-3 meters, the height is meters, the degree of accumulation is good to the solidity of natural accumulation, and the plastic film is covered with plastic film to keep warm and moisturize.

4. Turning the pile: After the fertilizer is stacked and rotted for 20 days, the first pile is turned, and then the pile is continued to rot for 20 days, and the second locust is turned over. After that, a large amount of white hyphae forms on the surface of the compost, which is compacted and sealed with plastic film.

Generally, the compost takes about 1-2 months in summer and 3-4 months in winter, and it can be used when the compost is completely decomposed.

Farmyard manure is a natural fertilizer that contains a variety of nutrients that provide good nutrients for plant growth. Farm fertilizer generally needs to be fermented, so that the nutrients in the fertilizer can be formed, and farm fertilizer should not be used directly to plants, so the effect is very bad.

Farm fertilizer needs to go through a period of anaerobic decay process before it can be applied to the farmland. Especially in the past agricultural production, there are no bacteria that can speed up the decomposition speed of today, the speed of decomposition is very slow, it may take 2-3 months to pile up, and it may take half a year or even a year to complete the process of decomposition if the pit is dug and pit is taken. This raises the question, in the process of rotting farmhouse manure, is it really the longer the better?

The principle of rotting of farmhouse fertilizer. There are many kinds of base materials for farm fertilizer, such as manure, kitchen waste, straw, animal and plant residues, etc., which contain a lot of organic matter, cellulose, lignin, protein, sugar and other macromolecular organic substances. For this kind of macromolecular organic matter, due to the interconnection between molecules, a relatively stable organic matter structure will be formed, and such organic matter cannot be absorbed by crop roots.

We need to break down this stable structure and turn it into loose, independent organic molecules, which requires high temperatures and microbial involvement in the decomposition process. In the process of decomposing, these base materials will have a certain period of high temperature process, under the high temperature and the participation of microorganisms, these organic groups with stable structure and connected together will undergo qualitative changes, and the stable structure will be broken and become a single, relatively independent macromolecular organic matter. This is also the reason why the straw, twigs, grass leaves, and some animal proteins in fully rotted farmyard manure can become loose and crumbled by hand.

Changes in farmyard manure after it is applied to the farmland. After these independent organic molecules are applied to the soil, they still have a relatively stable structure, and some of them will exist in the form of small particles, which can be combined with the soil particles. After these small particles of organic matter enter the soil, they will gradually decompose under the action of soil microorganisms, releasing small molecule amino acids, monosaccharides, organic acids and some salt ions that can be absorbed by crop roots.

This is also the reason why organic fertilizer can fertilize the soil and provide nutrients, which is due to the decomposition of soil microorganisms.

Rotting for too long. After a period of decay, the farmyard manure becomes a relatively small organic matter. If it continues to decompose in an anaerobic environment, it will gradually decompose by the microorganisms in the pile, resulting in a decrease in the organic matter content of the farmyard fertilizer.

Some friends may say that the decomposed organic matter is not just right to replenish soil nutrients? That's true. However, this can also lead to the problem that the nutrients released by the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms are also easily lost.

If it is applied to the field after a long period of excessive decay, these nutrients are also easily lost with irrigation or natural precipitation. It is far less efficient than the release of nutrients that allow organic matter to gradually decompose in the soil, which also results in a certain amount of fertilizer waste. This is somewhat inappropriate for agricultural production.

Therefore, it is not recommended that the farmyard manure be excessively decomposed, which may cause the waste of nutrients in the farmyard manure and reduce the ability to improve the soil state. It is still better to apply the freshly rotted farmhouse manure directly.

Taking high-quality farmhouse fertilizer as an example, it generally takes about 45-60 days of fermentation before it can be used. Generally speaking, water fertilizer can be produced after 5-7 days of fermentation, but during this period, scientific fermentation methods and precautions should be grasped.

Precautions for farmhouse manure fermentation:

1. Temperature. The temperature of the inner layer of farmhouse fertilizer can be as high as 80 degrees Celsius, but the temperature is too high to be detrimental to the activity of microorganisms, and when the temperature is above 70 degrees, it loses its vitality when it is hot. Therefore, the temperature of the high temperature stage should be controlled at 50-60 degrees, and the temperature of the post-maturing insulation stage should be controlled at about 30 degrees.

2. Moisture. In order to improve the quality of humus, the moisture content of raw materials should be controlled below 70% before fermentation. When the moisture content is too low, the microorganisms lose their vitality, and when the moisture content is too low, the microbial decomposition reaction rate is significantly reduced.

Therefore, the fermentation of raw materials with a moisture content of 65-70% is more suitable, and should be adjusted when the moisture content is not in this range.

3. The farm fertilizer used by many farmers is mainly manure, and the content of crop straw (wheat straw, corn straw) is large, and other mixtures should not be higher than 10%.

4. Sufficient fermentation time must be ensured during fermentation, and it cannot be used before decay, and it generally takes 45-60 days to complete fermentation.

Uncooked farmyard manure cannot be applied, otherwise there will be many problems:

1. Unrotted farm manure often contains a large number of germs and eggs, which is easy to cause pests and diseases in the root system of fruit trees, and will also pollute the environment;

2. The nutrients of unrotted farmhouse fertilizer are mostly organic, which is not easy to be absorbed by fruit trees, which will cause fertilizer loss;

3. When farmhouse fertilizer is decomposed and fermented by microorganisms in the soil, it will produce a lot of heat, which is easy to burn the capillary roots of fruit trees;

4. Farm fertilizer will absorb a large amount of nitrogen when it is decomposed and fermented by microorganisms in the soil, resulting in short-term nitrogen deficiency of fruit trees;

5. Farmhouse fertilizer needs a process of microbial decomposition and fermentation in the soil, resulting in a lag in fertilizer efficiency, which is difficult to be consistent with the growth rhythm of fruit trees and the period of fertilizer demand, and can not play the purpose of fertilization, and even cause adverse effects. Therefore, farmyard manure must be decomposed before it can be applied.

The general fermentation time may be more than three months. And the temperature is best around 10 degrees. It has to have a very good water content and it has to have a very good temperature.

Generally, it takes several months to ensure the nutrition of fermentation and promote the growth of crops, so the longer the fermentation time, the better.

The fermentation time of farmhouse manure is generally about two weeks, remember not to take too long, otherwise it will spoil.

The application of farm fertilizer in rural crops is very cost-effective, and it is also very rich in nutrients, so how long should the fermentation time of farm fertilizer be? What are the precautions for fermentation? Let's talk about it for you.

Generally speaking, the fertilizer water can be produced after 5-7 days of farmhouse fertilizer fermentation, but during this period, a reasonable fermentation process and precautions should be mastered.

Precautions for farmhouse fertilizer fermentation: 1. Temperature.

The temperature of the inner layer of farmhouse fertilizer can reach more than 80 degrees, but if the temperature is too high, it is not good for the theme activities of microorganisms, and if the temperature is about 70 degrees, it will lose its charm if it is too hot. Therefore, the temperature of the high temperature link should be adjusted at 50-60 degrees, and the temperature of the thermal insulation link should be adjusted at around 30 degrees.

2. Moisture. In order to better improve the quality of humus, the moisture content of raw materials should be controlled below 70% before fermentation. When the moisture content is too low, the microorganisms lose their vitality, and when the moisture content is less than 30%, the microbial chemical reaction rate is significantly reduced. Therefore, it is more suitable for fermentation of raw materials with a moisture content of 65-70%, and it should be adjusted when the moisture content does not have this category.

3. The farm fertilizer applied by many farmers is mostly dominated by farm fertilizer, and the content of crop straw (corn straw, corn straw) is large, and other mixed substances are not suitable for higher than 10%.

4. In the case of fermentation, it is necessary to ensure sufficient fermentation time, and it can not be applied before manure, and it takes 50 to 60 days to carry out fermentation.

Can farmyard manure be used without manure? Unseasoned farmyard manure cannot be used, otherwise there will be many problems:

1. Unprepared farm manure usually carries a large number of bacterial larvae, which is very easy to cause peach tree rhizome diseases, and will continue to pollute the environment.

2. The nutrients of farmhouse fertilizer that have not been brewed are mostly in an organic chemical state, which is not easy to digest and absorb by peach trees, which will lead to damage to chemical fertilizers.

3. When farmhouse fertilizer undergoes microbial dissolution and fermentation in the soil environment, it will form a lot of calorific value, which is very easy to burn the porous roots of peach trees.

4. Farm fertilizer will absorb a lot of nutrients when it undergoes microbial dissolution and fermentation in the soil environment, resulting in a short-term nitrogen deficiency in peach trees.

5. Farmhouse fertilizer must go through a whole process of microbial dissolution and fermentation in the soil environment, resulting in backward fertility, which cannot be consistent with the rhythm of peach tree growth and development and the stage of fertilizer demand, and cannot play the purpose of fertilizer, and even leads to adverse harm. Therefore, farmyard manure must be used only after manure.

The temperature of the high temperature stage should be controlled in the range of 50-60 degrees, the temperature of the post-ripening insulation stage should be controlled at about 30 degrees, the moisture content of the raw materials before fermentation should be controlled below 70%, and sufficient fermentation time must be ensured during fermentation, and the agglomerate structure in the fully decomposed farmhouse fertilizer should be loosely dispersed.