What should I do if there is a disease in winter melon? How can we prevent it?

Winter melon, gourd and winter melon are annual late-growing or shelf-growing herbaceous plants, with yellowish-brown stiff and soft hairs on the stems, coarse, coarse hairs and soft hairs on the sides, hermaphroditic plants, solitary flowers, cylindrical or nearly spherical fruits, with large and stiff hairs and hoarfrost, and ovate seeds. It is cultivated all over China. There are wild ones in southern Yunnan (Xishuangbanna) in China.

In addition to being made with vegetables, winter melon fruits can also be macerated with various sweets. The peel and seed medicine have anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and swelling effects.

Winter melon is a very good storage vegetable, low planting cost, high yield, rich nutrients, storage and transportation, strong heat resistance, white flesh, crisp and juicy, is a good raw material suitable for modern agricultural product processing, winter melon has been widely used in a variety of new food and health care processing. However, due to improper management, pests and diseases have a great impact on winter melon yields, and only with effective scientific management can this low-cost, high-yield crop obtain the highest yields.

Agricultural control: winter melon diseases and insect pests mainly include aphids, insects, powdery mildew, mites, red spiders, flies, etc. Generally, melon planting land is planted as a non-fruit crop, which can be planted in deep soil, burying insect pests deep in the soil so that it cannot reproduce, or taking measures such as lime, organic fertilizer, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer.

At the same time, ventilation can be maintained in the greenhouse, and it is best to open the windows under the house to prevent insects and bacteria from floating in the greenhouse downwind.

Pharmaceutical prevention: powdery mildew found in plastic greenhouses can be prevented with 5% Abby mite spray, red spider can be prevented with 5% avermectin spray, mites can be prevented with 10% Abby snapper, and gluttonous flies can be prevented with 31% Abby. Only in the management process can we carefully observe, if early detection and early control, it is necessary to prevent insects from breeding in plastic greenhouses.

Disease prevention is mainly blight, plague, anthrax, viral diseases, etc. Many infectious diseases are now mostly transmitted through rainfall or irrigation water. Therefore, in the process of management, special attention should be paid to the change of weather, and management should be done in the rainy season or low humidity weather, when the incidence value is high, try to avoid irrigation at this time.

If there is a disease, we should use plant-specific insecticides in time, evenly disperse on the plant leaves, and do not water during the medication period, otherwise it will reduce the efficacy of the drug, and you can consolidate it with polyphenols several times. Scientific and reasonable fertilization and water control during plant planting can effectively prevent plant diseases.

Cultivate with high furrows to avoid stagnant water. Control watering at the seedling stage, do wet and dry after melon bearing, and reduce watering to the minimum amount after the epidemic is found to control the development of the disease. Secondly, seed treatment.

You can use downy mildew carb water agent or 25% methamaline wettable powder 800 times liquid soaking for half an hour, and then soak the seeds with water to promote germination and sowing.

1. Implement crop rotation with non-melon crops for more than 5 years.

2. Soil treatment, commonly used soil treatment agents in seedbeds or greenhouses are lime nitrogen, Bisu, Mianlong, Dixone, and Methanalin.

3. Soak the seeds with the agent, soak the seeds with 800 times of Pulik water agent for half an hour and then germinate.

4. Cultivate high furrows and deep furrows, spread mulch film, and drain water in time after rain.

Choose disease-resistant varieties.

Winter melon varieties with white powder are more resistant to diseases, such as Guangdong Nanhai green peel winter melon, Za Generation 12, etc. Disinfection of medicinal soil at the seedbed stage. 8 grams of 25% methyl amethanol wettable powder per square meter, mixed with 20 cm deep bed soil.

Strengthen cultivation management. Cultivate high furrows and deep furrows, spread mulch film, and hang or raise melons after setting up grass or racks to avoid touching the ground.

Pharmaceutical prevention and control. At the beginning of the disease, spray or water 500 times of 70% ethylphosphine and manganese-zinc wettable powder, or 500 times of 60% amber and ethylphosphine aluminum (chlorothalonil) wettable powder, or 600 times of 50% methyl copper wettable powder. Spraying and root irrigation at the same time for better results.

0 per plant.

Kg. Take the drug once every 7-10 days, and take it 2-3 times in a row.

Choose disease-resistant varieties. After harvesting, the four gardens were cleaned in time and the sick and remnants were buried deeply. With non-melon crops, more than 5 years of rotation soil treatment, seedbed or greenhouse commonly used soil treatment agents are lime nitrogen, cotton, methafen.

Soak the seeds with the agent, soak the seeds with 800 times of Pulik water solution for half an hour and then germinate. Cultivate high furrows in deep furrows, spread mulch film, and drain water in time after rain. After the melons are set, the grass or the rack is set up to hang the melons up or raise them, avoid touching the ground, and harvest them in advance in the rainy season.

Winter melon suffers from blight, you can choose 65% zeb wettable powder 500-600 times liquid, 58% Radomir manganese zinc wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, 72% Kelu wettable powder 600 times liquid, etc., every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row.

Varieties of disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties should be selected, such as Guangdong green-skinned winter melon, black-skinned winter melon, etc., and large-scale planting should avoid variety simplification. Before germination, winter melon seeds were soaked in 1000 times of Pulik water or 53% methacrylin manganese-zinc granules for an hour. 400 grams of 95% dixone soluble powder for seedbed square meters plus 15 20 kg of fine soil; When winter melon is planted, 65% Dixon 1500 times liquid is used to drench melon holes as rooting water.

In the early stage of the epidemic, spray 25% methafen 600 times solution to control the spread of the disease.

1. Choose disease-resistant varieties suitable for the local area. Implement crop rotation with melon crops for more than 3 years. The cultivation method of high furrow mulching can reduce contact with pathogens, leak reeds, improve ground temperature and promote early maturity, and can play a role in avoiding diseases.

Strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, apply compost made by enzyme bacteria such as CM Yi'an Shenli, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, properly control nitrogen fertilizer, and use formula fertilization technology if possible, and can also use special fertilizer for melon. Remove the diseased residues in the field, pull out the diseased plants in time, and take them out of the field to bury or burn them.

2. Pharmaceutical prevention and control. In the case of central disease, spray 800 times of 72 frost urea dry manganese zinc (Kelu, Keshuangyan, and Kekangling) wettable powder, 56 800 times of microgranules dispersed by mountain water, 18 600 times of methyl frostamine-manganese-zinc wettable powder, and 500 times of 70 times of ethylphosphine-manganese-zinc wettable powder.

<> strengthen the daily management of greenhouses. Weeds often become a habitat for pests and diseases, so weeds should be cleaned up promptly. In addition, once a plant is found to be infected, it should be immediately eradicated, isolated and destroyed, to prevent the spread of the disease, and ventilation and humidity, the use of drugs for prevention and control.

They are the main vectors of viral diseases, and it is because of the whitefly virus disease that it spreads so quickly. In the greenhouse, whiteflies are the main species, followed by whiteflies. After mid-July every year, the harm is aggravated, the host range is wide, and the drug resistance is increasing, and the prevention and control is becoming more and more difficult.

The main modes of invasion and invasion of viral diseases are: (1) seeds are poisonous; (2) Poisoning by aphids, whiteflies and other poison-carrying insects; (3) Juice contact transmission (mainly the transmission of viruses by contact with wounds during agricultural operations.) Generally speaking, the occurrence of viral diseases is more serious under the conditions of high temperature and arid climate.

Therefore, after spreading tomato seedlings planting, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of aphids and whiteflies, and spray Dingyi ten speed ten days treasure comprehensive spray after moving the seedlings, and quickly slow down the seedlings to increase disease resistance.

It mainly forms dark green to black-brown stripes on fruits and stems, the surface sinks and dies, and finally the plant wilts and dies, and the diseased fruit is deformed. Some have irregular brown necrotic spots on the fruit surface, while others have black-brown oil-soaked necrotic spots on the leaf veins, which spread along the petiole to the stem. Whiteflies and other vectors are transmitted in the field, and seeds with poison can be transmitted through direct infection from seeds, and some can also be transmitted through agricultural work, strong winds, etc.

High temperatures, dry weather, lack of water and fertilizer, and overgrown weeds contribute to the development and spread of diseases.

The virus can also affect the morphology of melons, forming ghost gourds, which have a light sweetness and no fruit fragrance, which seriously affects the commodity value of melons and fruits. In recent years, the harm of melon virus disease has shown a development trend, which has attracted the attention of scholars from all over the world, and is also one of the important fields of virus disease research at home and abroad. Since the virus invades the cells of the plant and multiplies with the cells, it is difficult to get infected**.

Therefore, comprehensive measures should be taken for the prevention and control of viral diseases, such as seed disinfection, cultivation of sterile seedlings, insect control, insecticide and drug control.

Pesticides. Because the winter melon I grow at home is cured of viral diseases after being sprayed with pesticides, I should use pesticides to prevent and control them.

Some pesticides can be sprayed. Some pesticides can control the viral diseases produced by winter melons.

Winter melon virus disease will have a great impact on the quality and yield of winter melon, in order to prevent and control, it is necessary to choose better disease-resistant varieties and improve the overall disease resistance of plants. Secondly, after planting, it is also necessary to prevent diseases in time and spray the liquid medicine regularly.

1.Use more resistant varieties. Concentrate on seedlings, or spread silver ash film in the field to avoid aphids.

2.For timely treatment of aphids, you can choose 1500 times of 20 chrysanthemum and horse emulsifiable concentrate. 3.

The melon field is 400m in circumference, and melon crops are not grown. 4.Select and retain seeds from disease-free melons, and soak them in 10 trisodium phosphate for 10 minutes, or the seeds are treated with dry heat, that is, 70 constant temperature treatment for 72 hours.

5.At the beginning of the disease, spray 500 times of 5 bacterial poison water agent.

1. Cataplexy and blight.

1) Cataplexy: the freshly unearthed trunk rots slowly, and the lodging of hangings and seedlings is the fundamental condition for root disease. (2) Blight:

The roots are hanged and withered, and the disease does not fall. The commonly used agents for the prevention and control of cataplexy and blight are: Chlormycofen and Pulik; Excellent potions and formulations are:

Dry ke + "three torches" seedling and root promoter.

2. Anthrax.

There are black spots between the stems, and the lesions are round or oval, and the lesions have black dots. The commonly used agents for the prevention and treatment of anthrax are: Shi Baogong and Shi Baoke; The excellent agent and formula are: Jin Shineng + effervescent tablets (agricultural streptomycin) + eugenics.

3. Frost Qingye mildew.

The lesions are yellowish-brown and expand from the upward growth point of the old leaves, and the leaf surface appears greenish, and there is a mold layer (white and black) on the back of the leaf.

It is harmful during the childbearing period. The fungus infects seedlings, leaves, stems and fruits. Leaves and fruits are the most affected.

It first infects the leaves and young fruits, and gradually spreads to the stems and petioles, causing them to turn black and brown. The second is high humidity. It is easy to get sick when there is too much watering, more rainfall, higher planting density, and poor ventilation.

It is a variable temperature or mesothermal disease. Throughout the year, late blight was more severe in two phases. One is from autumn to winter, that is, the process of cooling, and late blight will occur; The other is the process of warming, from winter to spring.

Another reason is related to fertilization, now planting any crop is to pay attention to reasonable fertilization, if the tomato field is applied too much single fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer, although the tomato plant grows vigorously but only grows, it is also easy to cause late blight. At the seedling stage, the leaves appeared dark green water-soaked lesions, the petioles were rotten, and the diseased parts were black-brown. When the air humidity is high, a sparse white mold layer is produced on the edge of the lesion, and the leaves gradually die after the lesion expands.

The base of the young stem is water-soaked and shrinks, causing the seedling to wilt or lodging. Stem symptoms: there will be dark green water-stained lesions in the early stage, and after the disease is aggravated, it will turn into black-brown wet rot, and under the condition of high humidity conditions, it will also form a white mold layer at the edge of the lesions.

<> when the fruit is infected, it is mainly reflected in the green fruit, the lesion is initially oily dark green, then turns brown, and is accompanied by depressions, which is obvious on the edge of the lesion, and when it is severe, white mold grows on the fruit. Generally speaking, if the leaves have late blight, most of them start to appear from the tip or edge of the leaf, and the straw gets late blight, and the straw often breaks from this. Fruit late blight, most of the time when the fruit is still green, there are black and yellow lesions, the lesions begin to be relatively low temperature and high humidity is a necessary condition for the occurrence of cotton blight, so in the north of autumn, winter and winter and spring, are prone to this disease.

Facility cultivation due to the south side of the Roc. The temperature difference between day and night is large and the humidity is large, so it is very easy to occur first. (Please be aware of this feature.)

Winter melon cotton blight mainly occurs suddenly when the fruit is close to maturity. Winter melon fruit is damaged, first in contact with or close to the ground part of the yellow-brown water-stained slightly concave lesions, when the conditions are suitable, the lesions rapidly expand, the surface is dense cotton wool-like white mold layer, diseased melon rot and smell. Stems and leaves can also be loved.

The lesions on the leaves are yellowish-brown, and when wet, they produce a white mold layer and rot; The lesions on the stem are dark green at first, and then wet rot, causing the upper stem and leaves to wither. The pathogen of winter melon cotton blight overwinters with oospores or thick wall spores with the diseased residues. Through rainwater splashing onto the fruit near the ground, germination produces germination tubes that invade from the peel, and after the onset of the disease, the hyphae produce sporangia and release zoospores, which spread through rain or watering and carry out re-infection.

In late autumn, oospores or thick wall spores are formed for overwintering.