What is the main function of the grape canopy? What is easy to happen without a canopy?

With the development of the economy, people are becoming more and more demanding in food, and grapes are popular for their crisp texture and delicious taste. In the process of planting grapes, in order to better protect grapes from pests and diseases, many protective measures will be used, such as spraying pesticides, building rain shelters, fruit bags, etc.

The so-called rain shelter is an arched shelter built on the upper part of the grapes composed of stone pillars, bamboo pieces, steel frames, iron wires, and plastic films. Among them, the stone pillar and steel frame play a supporting role, and the bamboo sheet and steel frame play a fixed role.

Although the one-time consumption cost of the rain shelter is high, it is effective. First, it interrupts the spread of pathogens. Some germs will be splashed with rainwater on the wounds and fruits of the tree, causing various diseases.

The rain shelter can block all the rainwater in the upper part of the grapes, so that the rainwater flows down the edge of the canopy to the middle open space, so as to reduce the dripping of rainwater, thus reducing the chance of fruit disease.

Second, grape pests and diseases have been reduced, which means that the frequency of pesticide use has been reduced. The use of rain shelters not only ensures the quality of the fruits, but also reduces the degree of air pollution. Compared with the cost of pesticides spent on diseased grapes over and over again, building a rain shelter may be more cost-effective, durable, labor cost and workload.

Then some friends asked, the shelter is so good, can I cover it all year round? The answer is no. While shelters can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, sun exposure may be more important.

So when is the best time to get a lower membrane? In fact, the film under the rain shelter can be determined according to the local climatic conditions, and the approximate time of the film is subject to the inflorescence that can be seen. The time of the film is not sloppy, and the inflorescence must be immediately filmed as soon as it is seen, otherwise the inflorescence will not only get more diseases once it rains, but also cause a large number of flowers and fruits to fall in the later stage, and the yield will decline.

The year before last, the Shanxi region was hit by a strong wind, although it has been two years, but I am still very afraid when I think of the scene in **. The strong winds, coupled with the disrepair and fixation of the scaffolding, did not renew the shed in time, and finally caused the entire film shed to be destroyed, and even the vines suffered many blows. Therefore, when the membrane is lowered, it is necessary to pay attention to the degree of damage of the membrane, and those that are more seriously damaged should be replaced as a whole.

In addition, the bamboo piece will be easy to break after weathering, we must pay attention to the film when it is found, and replace it in time if it is found to be bad, in addition, the film must also be fixed firmly to prevent erosion by strong winds.

There must be a reason for the widespread use of rain shelters, and planting experiments have proven that the grapes in the shelters are generally healthy. The soil in the shed has a higher moisture content and the trees are healthier. In addition to reducing the incidence of grape pests and diseases, the rain shelter can also control the amount of water in the soil, the leaves are greener and more intact, the probability of fruit cracking is reduced, and the sugar content is higher and the quality is better.

Prevent rain from damaging the fruit. It may be because the bacteria carried by the rain can spoil the taste of the fruit.

(1) Bamboo structure rain shelter.

Traditionally, the rows of vineyards are spaced 3 metres apart, and the ground is separated by a 30 cm wide ditch that is deep enough to facilitate drainage. The top of the shelter is high meters, and the shelter is built above the meter, the width of the shed is meters, and the height of the shed is meters. The roof and the edge of the shed are fixed with wooden strips, and the bamboo pieces are made into a bow shape.

Nail 1 piece of bamboo every 50 cm. The bamboo sheet is covered with film, the film thickness is millimeters, every 50 cm with a laminating film line (can be replaced by a machine packaging tape), and the width of the film is appropriate to cover the edge of the shed or slightly wider.

Each single frame plus two cross arms (beam), 140 cm from the ground to frame the first (60 100 cm long), 180 cm from the ground to frame the second (120 160 cm long), beam can be steel pipe or miscellaneous wood strips or thick bamboo, etc. Each single frame has three layers of six wires, the first layer is 80 100 cm above the ground, and two lanes (around the column); The second layer of iron wire and the third layer of iron wire are fixed at both ends of the cross arm respectively, and the No. 10 iron wire or the corresponding thickness of steel strand are generally used. The end post is 12 cm 12 cm (270 300) cm, buried in the soil 60 cm, and the anchor stone is buried in the soil with wire or the column is used as a side support to prevent collapse.

The middle column is 10 cm 10 cm (270 300) cm, the fixed place of the cross arm can leave 1 hole to pass through the wire, the column spacing is 4 8 meters, and the middle column is buried in the soil 60 cm.

2) Steel structure rain shelter.

In recent years, galvanized steel tube plastic greenhouses or multi-story plastic greenhouses have been promoted in various places to cultivate grapes in a large-scale rain shelter. The technology of facility design, construction and viticulture facilities has become increasingly sophisticated.

How to build:

The rain shelter is composed of canopy columns, beams, arches, canopy films, pull wires, etc.

The shed is one meter wide, the bow is one meter high, and a bow-shaped bamboo piece or 1 cm thick bamboo pole is fixed every 1 meter.

Bamboo slices or bamboo poles are meters long.

Buckle film in late May. The two sides of the membrane are fixed on the bamboo pole or steel wire with clips, and the membrane can be fixed with a film wire every 1 meter above the membrane. Remove the film after harvesting in late September. The thickness of the membrane should be in millimeters.

The width of the canopy is equivalent to the width of the leaf curtain or 10 cm wider. The canopy is 30-50 cm above the leaf curtain.

To build a rain shelter, bamboo chips or bamboo poles with a thickness of 1 cm are required, and beams (can be replaced by 10 gauge steel wire).

Grapes do not need to build a rain shelter, grapes are not afraid of watering, the more rain the better

High and compliant with the legalization of the house.

Hello, the following is a little sister to solve your doubts for you, I hope it can help you. Kiss, grape canopy is not unloaded in winter, and the time of covering and uncovering the film mainly considers two factors: disease and light. The film cover time is set in mid to late May before flowering, with the main purpose of protecting flowers and fruits, and at the same time not allowing the growth of new shoots before flowering to be affected by film shading, which is suitable for European and American hybrids.

For Eurasian grapes, due to the serious damage of black pox in early spring, the film capping time should be advanced to the end of March and early April of the budding stage, which is conducive to disease prevention. I really hope I can help you, and I wish you happiness every day!

Rain-shelter cultivation is a special form of cultivation, which is generally a series of cultivation problems caused by excessive rain through a rain-shelter (a simple facility that covers the top of the canopy with plastic film), and is a cultivation method between greenhouse and plastic greenhouse cultivation and open-field cultivation.

Key technologies for rain-shelter cultivation:

1) The time of mulching and the time required for rain shelter are generally mulched before flowering, and the film is removed after harvest or after leaf fall, and the longest coverage is about 7 months throughout the year. It is best to use high-strength film such as EVA film, which can be used continuously for 2 years, while ordinary polyethylene film is easy to age after high temperature exposure, and the film is easy to be torn when typhoon in August and September, and can generally only effectively cover about 4 months. Under the premise of full shelter from rain, the smaller the coverage area, the better, the horizontal trellis is best covered by waves, and the horizontal trellis and the wide top stand, the horizontal extension of the branches and leaves is generally within 1 meter, and the horizontal width of the cover meter can be.

In order to avoid the film forming high temperature on the shelf surface and damaging the leaves, it is generally required to cover the grain part 20 cm away from the grape trellis surface, and the top is 90 cm away from the shelf surface, and the film should be fastened with a laminating wire or fixed with a nylon rope pressing film.

2) Key points of rain-sheltered cultivation After budding and before flowering, it is the open field cultivation period, and proper rainwater washing can help prevent soil salinization caused by long-term mulching, and it is necessary to pay attention to the damage of black pox disease to the young tissues of grapes.

After mulching, powdery mildew is aggravated, and insect pests also tend to increase. The prevention and control of powdery mildew mainly focuses on two links: reasonable retention and timely spraying. It can be sprayed with a concentration of 3 Baumé and 5 Baumé during the bud eye germination period, sprayed with Baumé Baumé after flowering, and sprayed with powdered rust, 50% sulfur suspension or Tobuzin in autumn.

The soil is easy to dry after mulching, and drip irrigation is the best irrigation method for rain-sheltered cultivation.

In summer, if there is a high temperature of more than 35 in the covered facility, ventilation and cooling must be carried out.