How does the soil environment affect the energy consumption of rural life?

Long-term application of acidic fertilizers or alkaline substances in the soil will cause changes in soil pH, reduce soil fertility and reduce crop yields. Soil is polluted by heavy metals caused by copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, zinc, arsenic and other elements, which can cause plant growth and development disorders; Pollution by elements such as cadmium, mercury, and lead generally does not cause plant growth and development disorders, but they can accumulate in edible parts of plants. Irrigation of farmland with zinc-containing sewage will have a great impact on the growth of crops, especially wheat, resulting in uneven emergence of wheat seedlings, less tillers, dwarf plants, and chlorosis of leaves.

When the arsenic content in the soil is high, it will hinder the growth of trees, causing trees to lose their leaves early, fruit to shrink, and reduce yields. The presence of excess copper in the soil can also severely inhibit the growth and development of plants. When wheat and soybean are poisoned by cadmium, their growth and development are seriously affected.

Effects of organic poisons.

The use of untreated sewage containing organic poisons such as oil and phenol to irrigate farmland will hinder the growth and development of plants. In the 50s of the last century, with the development of agricultural production, in some arid and semi-arid areas in the north, due to the shortage of water resources, in order to make full use of the water and fertilizer resources of sewage, sewage irrigation was widely promoted, which played a positive role in promoting local agricultural and food production. However, due to long-term sewage irrigation, the contamination of the soil crop system is gradually exposed.

For example, irrigation with untreated refinery wastewater resulted in severe dwarfing of rice. The initial symptoms are that the leaves are drooping and the tips of the leaves turn red; The mid-term symptoms are that they cannot bloom and be pollinated after heading, forming an empty shell, or not heading at all; Ineffective tillering continues after the normal ripening period. Plant growth is related to the degree of soil contamination with organic toxins.

Effects of biological contamination of soil.

Soil biological pollution refers to the invasion of one or several harmful biological populations into the soil from the external environment, multiplying in large quantities, destroying the original ecological balance, and having adverse effects on the human body or ecosystem. The pollutants that cause soil biological pollution are mainly untreated manure, garbage, municipal domestic sewage, and sewage from feedlots and slaughterhouses. The most dangerous of these is untreated sewage and sewage from infectious disease hospitals.

Some plant pathogens that survive in the soil for a long time can seriously damage plants and reduce agricultural yields. For example, some plant pathogenic bacteria can cause bacterial wilt of more than 100 species of Solanaceae plants such as tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, potatoes, and tobacco, and can cause bacterial cankers and root cancer of fruit trees. Some pathogenic fungi can cause root swelling of more than 100 kinds of vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, rape, mustard greens, radish, cabbage, and shepherd's cabbage, and cause wilt of eggplant, cotton, cucumber, watermelon and other plants, as well as smut of wheat, barley, oats, sorghum, corn, millet, etc.

In addition, sweet potato stem nematodes, jute, peanut, tobacco root-knot nematodes, soybean cyst nematodes, potato nematodes, etc. can invade plant roots through the soil to cause nematode disease.

1. Soil temperature.

Soil temperature is one of the basic properties of soil, generally speaking, it depends on solar radiation and geothermal, generally speaking, the higher the soil temperature, the more obvious the soil temperature with climate change, the lower the more stable, soil temperature plays an important role in the growth and development of fruit tree roots.

Some data show that the suitability of soil temperature is consistent with the peak of root growth, and unsuitable soil temperature will affect root growth, taking grapes as an example, when the soil temperature exceeds 25, the root growth of grapes is inhibited, and the growth of grapes stops growing after more than 28, and the wood cork or dies rapidly as the temperature continues to rise; When the soil temperature is below 10, the grape root system will stop growing, and frost damage will occur when it is below -4, so the majority of growers should pay attention to the soil temperature.

Poly-Wuba mineral source potassium fulvic acid.

In addition to root growth, soil temperature also affects soil traits and structure and microbial reproduction. The higher soil temperature can enhance the reproductive activity of microorganisms and further promote the nutrient absorption of fruit tree roots. When the soil temperature is low, the microbial activity will be weakened, which will affect the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, weaken the ability to release nutrients, and affect the nutrient uptake of fruit tree roots.

2. Soil moisture.

Since the main water supply of fruit trees to soil moisture, the nutrients must be dissolved in water to be fully absorbed by fruit trees, and there are many types of water in the soil, such as binding water, capillary water and gravity water. Capillary water is the water that can be effectively absorbed by the roots of fruit trees.

The water content of the soil has a certain impact on the fruit tree in the growth and development stage, under normal circumstances, the water content requirement is controlled at about 60 80%, the water content of the soil is too low, the roots of the fruit tree can not absorb the water, resulting in the lack of water of the fruit tree, when the water in the soil continues to decline, the fruit tree plant will wilt phenomenon, if the water can not be replenished in time at this stage, it will seriously affect the cultivation and growth of the fruit tree.

If the moisture in the soil continues to decrease, the roots of the fruit tree will seep outward, causing the branches and leaves of the fruit tree to turn yellow, making the fruit unable to grow, and in severe cases, it will also lead to the death of the fruit tree. If there is too much water in the soil, it will affect the air permeability of the roots of the fruit tree, resulting in limited microbial activity and insufficient nutrient supply, and in serious cases, it will also lead to long-term hypoxia of the fruit tree and poor root growth.

Soil is a natural body formed by the combined action of factors such as parent material, climate, biology, topography and time. In different natural environments, the formation process and properties of soil have their own characteristics. Soil is an integral part of the biosphere on the earth's surface, providing nutrients and water for terrestrial plants, and is an important place for plants to photosynthesize and exchange energy.

The soil-plant-animal system, which is the main medium of solar energy delivery in human life; In terrestrial ecosystems, soil-biological systems (mainly plants) carry out global energy, material cycles and transformations. Soil has natural fertility and the ability to grow plant matter, which is the material basis for agricultural development and human survival. Because soil fertility ensures that humans have access to the necessary food and raw materials, they are closely linked to human productive activities.

Soil composition. Soils are composed of solid, liquid, and gaseous phases. In terms of volume, the solid matter in a typical soil accounts for about 50% of the total volume, of which minerals account for about 38% and 45%, and organic matter accounts for about 5% and 12%. The liquid phase and the gas phase coexist in the voids of different shapes and sizes between the solid phase substances, each accounting for 20% and 30% of the total soil volume, and the sum accounts for about 50%, but the gas phase and liquid phase substances are in a state of mutual growth and decline, with a growth and decrease range of 15% to 35%.

By mass, minerals make up 90% to 95% of homogeneous matter, and organic matter accounts for about 1% to 10% [2].

Soil properties. Soil properties are reflected in several aspects, including physical properties, biological properties, chemical and physicochemical properties, etc.

Physical characteristics. The pedosphere is a complex system of loose and porous layers composed of solid (organic matter and minerals), liquid (soil moisture and solute), gas (soil air) and multi-phase substances. The physical characteristics of the soil include soil thickness, vertical variation (profile configuration and texture configuration) structure of the soil, texture, porosity and the proportion of large, medium and small pores, compactness, soil density, etc.

These physical conditions and characteristics determine the physical movement process and physical properties of the pedosphere, such as soil moisture movement and water condition, energy movement and temperature and heat condition, soil air movement and air condition, etc., and affect the material and energy exchange between the pedosphere and other spheres, which play a major role in maintaining, regulating and controlling the stability of the surface system.

The soil environment will affect the use of rural life.

Of course, the soil environment will affect the energy consumption of rural life, and the type of soil will affect the development of plants in rural areas.

1. Scientific sewage irrigation: There are many types of industrial wastewater, the composition is complex, and the wastewater discharged from some factories may be harmless, but after mixing with the wastewater discharged from other factories, it becomes toxic wastewater. Therefore, before using wastewater to irrigate farmland, it should be purified in accordance with the standards specified in the "Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standards".

2. Rational use of pesticides: Rational use of pesticides can not only reduce soil pollution, but also economically and effectively eliminate diseases, insects and weeds, and give full play to the positive effects of pesticides.

3. Rational use of chemical fertilizers: according to the characteristics of the soil, climatic conditions and the characteristics of crop growth and development, formula fertilization, strict control of the use of toxic fertilizers and dosage.

4. Application of chemical amendments: The application of inhibitors in the soil slightly polluted by heavy metals can convert heavy metals into insoluble compounds and reduce the absorption of crops.

Preventive measures for soil contamination.

1) Harmless treatment of feces, garbage and domestic sewage;

2) Strengthen the treatment and comprehensive utilization of industrial wastewater, waste gas and waste residue;

3) Rational use of pesticides and fertilizers, actively develop high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides, and prohibit the use of pesticides with long residual time, such as Liuliu.

6. Organochlorine pesticides such as DDT;

4) Actively and prudently promote sewage irrigation, and strictly monitor and control the sewage from irrigated farmland.

5) Strengthen land management, strengthen publicity and education, let the general public understand the serious harm of soil pollution, and establish the concept of soil protection.

Measures to control soil pollution.

1) Take biological measures to improve contaminated soil. Actively promote the use of microbial degraders contaminated by pesticides to reduce pesticide residues. Heavily polluted soil can be replanted with certain non-edible plants such as flowers, trees, fiber crops, etc.

2) Chemical methods for remediation of contaminated soil. For soils with mild contamination of heavy metals, the use of chemical amendments can turn heavy metals into insoluble substances and reduce their uptake by plants. This method should be prevented from causing new soil contamination.

3) Increase the application of organic fertilizers. The application of organic fertilizer can increase the content of soil organic matter and nutrients, which can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, especially the properties of soil colloids, but also increase soil capacity and improve soil purification capacity.

4) Change the crop rotation system. Changing the farming system causes changes in soil conditions that can eliminate the toxicity of certain pollutants.

5) Soil change and turning. For lightly polluted soil, the method of deep turning of soil or replacement of non-polluted guest soil is adopted. For heavily polluted patchy soils, topsoil removal or soil exchange can be adopted.

The primary task of soil pollution prevention and control is to control and eliminate soil pollution sources and prevent new soil pollution; For the polluted soil, all effective measures should be taken to remove the pollutants in the soil, improve the soil, and prevent the migration and transformation of pollutants in the soil.

1.Prevention and control measuresIn order to prevent and control soil pollution, the following measures should be taken: 1. Harmless treatment of feces, garbage and domestic sewage; 2. Strengthen the treatment and comprehensive utilization of industrial wastewater, waste gas, and waste residue; 3. Rational use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and actively develop high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides; 4) Actively and prudently promote sewage irrigation, and strictly monitor and control the sewage from irrigated farmland. 5. Apply chemical amendments and take biological improvement measures.

Strengthen publicity, supervision, and management Departments at all levels should increase the intensity of supervision and management of soil pollution, and at the same time strengthen publicity work to raise the public's awareness of environmental protection and health, so as to promote the in-depth development of soil environmental protection work. Establish and improve relevant laws and regulations and policy measures for the prevention, control, and governance of soil pollution. Strengthen the investigation and monitoring of soil pollutionOn the basis of finding out the overall situation of soil pollution in our country through investigation, research and establish soil environmental quality assessment and monitoring standards suited to China's national conditions, and formulate strategies and countermeasures for the prevention and control of soil pollution in China.

In the past, although many theoretical studies have been carried out on the problem of soil pollution, due to various reasons such as financial investment and management policies, there is still a lack of low-cost, simple and practical technologies for the control and treatment of soil pollution. In the future, it is necessary to increase investment in scientific research and treatment, and focus on the development of practical technologies for soil pollution control. In this way, soil pollution can be effectively prevented

1. Don't litter, especially plastic bags and other garbage, which is very harmful to the soil.

2. Scientific irrigation.

3. Rational use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

The agricultural environment is composed of climate, soil, water, topography, biological factors and human factors. Each environmental element has quality problems at different times and spaces. At present, the prominent problems of China's agricultural environmental quality are environmental pollution and ecological damage. Agricultural environmental pollution is mainly manifested in:

Pollution from industrial, urban and township enterprises. According to the survey, the water quality of some of China's 10,000-kilometer river sections does not meet the irrigation requirements, and the river sections are seriously polluted and fish and shrimp are extinct; The area of contaminated farmland reached 100 million mu.

Agrochemical contamination. The loss of chemical fertilizers in China accounts for about 40% of the use, causing nitrate accumulation and eutrophication of water bodies. The diffusion and loss of pesticides in the atmosphere and the residues in some agricultural and livestock products are also serious; The annual residual flow of plastic film is nearly 1,000 tons.

Major organic pollutants in the agricultural environment. Ecological destruction is mainly manifested in:

Soil erosion, desertification, and secondary salinization of soil are serious problems. The area of soil erosion in the country reaches 100 million mu, accounting for the total land area; Land desertification continues to intensify, with an area of 100 million mu; More than 100 million acres of saline-alkali land.

Agricultural resources have declined. The per capita cultivated land of Chinese is less than mu and is decreasing year by year, and nearly half of the existing cultivated land is in poor condition or has some obstacle factors.

There is a shortage of agricultural water sources, especially in the north.

Grasslands continue to degrade. China has 100 million hectares of usable grassland, and the cumulative degraded area of grassland has reached 66.7 million hectares. In addition, the situation of desertification, alkalinization and degradation has an intensifying trend.