Translation of the 63rd volume of the Historical Records, and translation of the 19th volume of the

Summary. Hello.

Translation of the last volume of the Tongjian Chronicle.

At the beginning, Han Xin, a native of Huaiyin. The family was poor and had no good deeds, and could not be elected to be an official.

Translation of the last volume of the Tongjian Chronicle.

Hello, the last volume of the Tongjian Chronicle, the nineteenth translation. At the beginning, Han Xin, a native of Huaiyin. The family was poor and had no good deeds, and could not be elected to be an official.

After Liu Bang, the king of Han, entered the territory, Han Xin fled from Chu Jun and belonged to Han Xin, the king of Han, and talked to Xiao He several times, Xiao He felt that he was unusual, Han Xin speculated that Xiao He and others had recommended him to the king of Han many times, but the king of Han had not reused Han Xin, so Han Xin fled. When Xiao He heard that Han Xin had fled and had no time to report to the King of Han, he went to chase him, and someone said to the King of Han that Prime Minister Xiao He had fled, and the King of Han was furious. Xiao He's departure is like losing his left and right hands.

A day or two later, Xiao He came back to meet the King of Han, and the King of Han was annoyed and surprised.

Gongsun Martingale reform achieved results, and was appointed by Xiaogong as Daliangzao. After three years, a large number of civil engineering buildings were built in Xianyang and the relocation of the capital was completed. At the same time, a number of new decrees were issued:

Fathers and sons and brothers were forbidden to live in the same room, merge townships into counties, control the fields throughout the mountains, and unify taxes and weighing standards. After four years of the new decree, Gongziqian broke the law again and was executed. Five years later, the state of Qin became so rich and powerful that "the Son of Heaven sent a tribute to him, and the princes congratulated him".

In the second year of the Battle of Maling, Gongsun Ying persuaded Xiao Gong to attack Wei, and Wei General Gongzi fought against him. Gongsun Ying's envoy tricked Gongzi Wei into drinking and meeting the alliance, but he ambushed the armor soldiers in advance to capture Gongzi Wei and took the opportunity to attack the Wei army. The state of Wei was empty, so it had to cede the Hexi region to sue for peace and move the capital to Daliang.

Afterwards, King Wei Hui sighed, "I hate not to use the words of the uncle", and regretted that he did not kill Gongsun Martingale at the beginning. After Gongsun Martingale returned to China, Xiao Gong gave him fifteen towns in the area of Yu and Shang, and was named "Shang Jun", so Gongsun Martingale was also called Shang Yang by the world.

Shang Ying assisted Xiaogong for ten years, and formed a bond with many people in the clan and nobles. Zhao Liang went to see Shang Ying, with "The skin of a thousand sheep is not as good as the skin of a fox; The promise of a thousand people is not as good as the promise of a scholar", "the king of martial arts is Chang, Yin Mo is dead", he made suggestions to Shang Ying, and told him the story of the five doctors: The five doctors initially asked to see Qin Miaogong, but because he "had no money" and could only be "browned cattle", so it took a year before he was "lifted under the mouth of the cow, and above the people".

Later, he assisted Miao Gong for six or seven years, and achieved "no work, no summer cover, no travel, no car, no fighting, fame hidden in the treasury, virtue in the future generations", after his death, "the men and women of the Qin State are runny, the children do not sing ballads, and the people who are pestle each other", and Shang Ying was just the opposite, advising him to "prosper those who are virtuous, and those who are strong will die". Disturbing Qing Shang Ying said on the surface: "Words are good, appearance is beautiful, words are true, bitter words are medicine, and words are sick", but he did not follow Zhao Liang's advice.

Five months later, Duke Xiao died, and the crown prince ascended the throne. Gongziqian and others denounced Shang Ying on charges of rebellion and sent officials to arrest him. Shang Ying fled to the border and wanted to live in the hotel, but the innkeeper did not know him, and refused on the grounds of "Shang Jun's law, and those who give up people without inspection sit on it", Shang Ying sighed:

That's all for the law! He fled to Wei but was not accepted, and fled back to his fiefdom to mobilize troops to attack Zheng for survival, but was defeated by the Qin army and killed in Huangchi. King Qin Hui showed him to the public and said:

It's not as good as the business martingale! "Ordered the entire Shang Dynasty to be killed.

Taishi Gong thought that Shang Ying was talented and mean, and at first used the way of the emperor to persuade Li Qinggong to tease Li Qinggong to seek trust, but it was just a temporary rhetoric, not his heart. At the same time, Shang Ying's punishment of Gongzi Qian, deceiving Gongzi and not obeying Zhao Liang's advice can prove his cruelty and unkindness, and it is not unreasonable to finally end up with the crime of rebellion. There was nothing wrong with changing the law, and it was also the only way for the country to become rich and strong and social progress at that time, and Shang Ying's abandonment of the old dynasty system and the issuance of new decrees were based on the strategic needs of filial piety to "restore hegemony", which was understandable.

But he was in a hurry, although he was able to get twice the result with half the effort and achieve a thousand successes, but he also ended up burning himself and committing suicide.

Part of the content of the "Zizhi Tongjian Han Ji XXVI" is translated as follows:

Turn the key to let the translation: Jingzhao Yin Zhang Chang also wrote to persuade Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty: "I hope that the Ming Lord will often forget the hobby of riding a car and riding a horse, alienate the nonsense of the monks, pay attention to the emperor's art, and the peaceful and prosperous era is expected to appear."

So Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty dismissed all the scholars who served as edicts. Initially, since the death of Zhao Guanghan, the people who held the position of Jing Zhaoyin were incompetent, and only Zhang Chang could continue Zhao Guanghan's political achievements, although his strategy and intelligence were not as good as Zhao Guanghan, but he could be assisted by Confucian scriptures.

Original text: Jingzhao Yin Zhang Chang also said on the advice: "May the Lord forget the good of the chariot and horse, rebuke the false words of the distant scholars, and the art of the emperor in the heart, and the Taiping Shu can be prosperous and hidden."

The reason is to know that the party is still waiting for the edict. At the beginning, after the death of Zhao Guanghan, those who were Jing Zhaoyin were incompetent, and only Chang could follow his traces; Its strategy, ears and eyes are not as good as the Guanghan, but it is quite elegant and elegant.

Author Sima Guang introduced

Sima Guang, whose name is Junshi, is a native of Shushui Township, Xia County, Shaanzhou, and was born in Guangshan, Guangzhou. He is known as Mr. Shuishui. A historian and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, he claimed to be the descendant of Sima Fu, the king of Anping in the Western Jin Dynasty.

In the first year of Song Renzong's treasure, Jin Shi and the first, tired of moving to Longtu Pavilion straight bachelor. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he opposed Wang Anshi's change of law, left the imperial court for fifteen years, and presided over the compilation of the general history of the chronicle "Zizhi Tongjian". The four dynasties of Li Shi Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, and Zhezong, the official Zhishang Shu's left servant shot and served as a servant.

In the first year of Yuan You, he died, and was posthumously presented to Taishi and Wen Guogong, and was nicknamed Wenzheng. Listed as "Yuanyou Party People", worthy of enjoying the temple court of Song Zhezong, graphic Zhaoxun Pavilion; From the temple of Confucius, called "the first Confucian Sima"; From the temple of the emperors of the past dynasties.

The above content refers to the full text of the 26th volume of the personal library - Zizhi Tongjian, translation and appreciation.