There are several kinds of white in oil paints, such as lead white, titanium dioxide, etc., what is

When we paint oil paintings, the most common color we use is white, and the whole painting process is basically inseparable from white from the beginning to the end. The white color of oil painting is roughly divided into lead white, zinc white, titanium dioxide, and zinc-barium white, so what is the difference between them?

Lead white: It is the oldest used white pigment. In the history of European painting, whether it is the early glue egg painting, the painting of the cheese egg or the oil painting, it is an important white pigment, and it is believed that the success of oil painting for hundreds of years is largely due to the use of this pigment. Rubens.

Van Dyck was a master at making and using lead white. The secret of the success of European artists in using lead white without blackening is that they know how to use the right medium – dama resin and mastic fat. Using them as a separator, the work will be covered with a protective film, and the work will be safe and sound in a not very harsh environment.

Lead white has the characteristics of faster drying, so foreign manufacturers use poppy oil to grind lead white to slow down the drying speed of lead white. Sulfur-containing compounds can react with aluminum compounds to form black lead sulfide.

For example, apply ultramarine on a leaden white base.

With red separators (sulfur-based pigments), be sure to put a layer of separator in between, i.e. dama resin or majaurin.

Zinc white: Zinc white is whiter and cooler in tone than lead white. Since the microparticle structure of zinc white is finer, it is similar to linseed oil.

After blending, it dries very slowly, but during the drying process it is quite soft and flexible, and when it dries, it becomes hard and brittle. Improper use can cause cracks. If it is mixed with lead white, it can significantly change the structure of the two, learn from each other's strengths and weaknesses, and is mostly used for oil painting foundations.

Titanium Dioxide: Titanium dioxide is gradually gaining a central position in white pigments, and it has a tendency to replace any white pigment in highly industrialized countries, and it currently accounts for more than 60% of the total use of white pigments. Titanium dioxide is non-toxic, has stable chemical properties, good durability, acid resistance, alkali resistance, solvent resistance, so it is the most popular; Its disadvantage is that it is more yellowing and easy to powder than lead white and zinc white, and the film will become soft in harsh environments, and it will only become an excellent white pigment when mixed with lead white and zinc white.

Zinc barium white: is zinc sulfate.

and artificially precipitated barite.

mixture. Artificially precipitated barite is not a "filler" here, but a medium for the manufacture of zinc-barium white. This pigment is non-toxic and can tolerate a variety of weak acids and bases. Zinc barium white can be used as a base and for watercolor painting.

Technique. In oil, it has poor drying properties.

The above is the difference between the white color of various oil paintings, and the friends who learn oil painting must collect it.

Although they are both white, the difference in brightness and other aspects can be seen at a glance, and the degree of white between the two is different, which can be used well to fill in the shadows during the painting process.

The chemical composition of lead white is lead carbonate, which has good coverage and is used as a base material. The chemical composition of zinc white is zinc oxide, the scientific name of zinc oxygen powder. Zinc white powder is slightly lighter than lead white powder, whiter than lead white, does not yellow for a long time, is stable, and the color layer is stronger after drying.

The chemical composition of titanium dioxide is titanium oxide, which is an inert pigment, which is not affected by climatic conditions and has a strong covering power, and is a pigment produced in modern times.

Titanium dioxide is biased towards metallic colors, which belongs to the white to cool color system, and ordinary white is relatively warm. Titanium dioxide is a little whiter, and at the same time its coverage is a little stronger.

I have only seen zinc white, titanium dioxide, zinc titanium dioxide, and I have never seen or heard of zinc barium white! Can you tell us about the chemical composition and role of barium?

First, the coverage is different.

1. Titanium dioxide has strong coverage.

2. The zinc white covering power is weak.

Second, transparency is different.

1. Titanium dioxide has low transparency.

2. The transparency of zinc white is relatively high.

Titanium dioxide: strong coverage and low transparency.

Zinc white: weak coverage and high transparency.

Choose to use according to your different needs, usually buy titanium dioxide, zinc white is enough.

The advantages of lead white are compared with titanium dioxide and the popular zinc titanium dioxide, and I am a big fan of classical techniques. The advantages of lead white are incomparable and irreplaceable. There are three main points.

The hiding power, matching with any other pigment as well as harmonizing, the feeling of proportions is appropriate and normal. Just by virtue of this, it completely defeats other white pigments, after titanium dioxide and other pigments are blended, it is always white enough, and it is necessary to add white, which is very uncomfortable, and it will be thick when you play it. Not counting, lead white painting ** or other colors, no color after painting, this is the most important, titanium white painting after 5 minutes to become darker, I feel that the white seems to have evaporated more than half, half an hour later and a little deeper, compared with just after painting, it is simply two colors, especially the next day or a few hours later when the highlight part of the face is modified, the color is just right when painting, and the part that has just been painted after 29 minutes is dark.

Very, very nasty. I didn't even say zinc titanium dioxide, because it was more obvious.

Dry quickly, and your other white pigments dry a little faster. There are advantages to this, too.

The condensation is stronger, more than twice as strong as the other two and two mixtures, and the joints of the screw buckles of the plumbing iron pipe are sealed with lead white (white lead oil), which is very prolonged. Now it's all brought with raw meal. In fact, it can't compare to white lead oil. This is the greatest responsibility of multi-collectors.

Disadvantages: 1. Toxic. Note that it cannot be entered, stick to the **, and wash it off as soon as possible. However, the toxicity is not too great, I just wash my hands after painting. How many years, no problem.

2.It can't be mixed with ultramarine, it will turn black, because the current ultramarine pigment is not natural, it is chemical, so there is a chemical reaction, here I will not show off chemical knowledge, remember not to use ultramarine, you can use iron oxide blue and azo red to tune out ultramarine. Or if you don't like ultramarine, don't use lead white.

Also, if you use natural French ultramarine, you won't have any problem, as long as you are willing to spend money, don't buy fake French natural ultramarine.

I have been painting for more than 50 years, oil painting for more than 40 years, and now I can't give up the lead white.

Lead white is the base, and it cannot be toned. You have a lead white background?It's best not to use it, because poison is already a forbidden thing.