What is a Structural Sketch? How to learn structural sketching

Structural sketches. Structural sketches, also known as "body sketches". This kind of sketch is characterized by using lines as the main means of expression, without light and shade, without light and shadow changes, and emphasizing the structural characteristics of the prominent objects.

With the aim of understanding and expressing the structural nature of the object itself, the observation of structural sketching is often combined with measurement and reasoning, and the application of the principle of perspective is used throughout the process of observation, rather than focusing only on the intuitive way. This method of expression is relatively rational, and can ignore the external factors such as light and shadow, texture, volume, and light and shade of the object.

The origin of structural sketching is relatively late, it is different from the traditional sketch concept has been basically established as early as the Western Renaissance, but it was not until 1919 that the German Bauhaus school pioneered the teaching of structural sketching, the concept of structural sketching was formally proposed, and it is increasingly showing its pioneering and important in the practice of teaching. However, this way of sketching, or understanding, was introduced into China in the 80s of the last century, and it was not until the 90s of the last century that it really began to penetrate into the teaching system of college sketching.

Peculiarity. Since structural sketching is the ultimate goal of understanding and dissecting structures, concise and clear lines are the main means of expression that it usually employs. The space on the structural sketch screen is actually an understanding of the three-dimensional space consciousness, so the structural sketch requires the painter to have a strong ability to imagine the three-dimensional space.

The imagination and grasp of three-dimensional space depends to a large extent on the reasoning of the mind. Structural sketching requires the objective object to be imagined as a transparent body, and the structure of the object itself is expressed, which is actually training our imagination and ability to grasp the three-dimensional space. In terms of the detailed representation of the image, the structural sketch should show the structural relationship of the object, explain what constitutes the form, and how its parts or parts are combined into a whole.

Structural sketching is concerned with the most essential features of the object, which are to be extracted and generalized from the form of concrete reality.

Structural sketching is an important course in design teaching, which is the foundation for cultivating students' modeling ability and design thinking ability. The key to learning structural sketching for beginners is to understand the structure of the object and draw the shape of the object accurately.

Structure sketch cuboid drawing method.

1. Mastery of the law of perspective.

The main point is to enable students to understand the basic rules of parallel perspective (one-point perspective) and co-angle perspective (two-point perspective); It is understood through repeated traces of plaster geometry. In order to clearly grasp the perspective of the object, and accurately grasp the angle and proportion, the invisible part (imaginary body) should also be drawn, so that students can understand that the cylinder and cone are "cut" and changed from the cuboid.

2. Reasonable structural analysis.

Structure is the combination and connection of various blocks that make up a form. There are two types of object structure: skeleton type and volume type. In the study of sketching, students should be guided to understand the structure of the object, grasp the structure, and essentially grasp its internal relationship and change law, so as to master the profundity of sketch expression.

3. The orderly organization of the picture.

That is, the constituent elements of the picture, "through the cylinder, the sphere, the cone to express nature, and put everything into perspective......Cézanne's point of view is to use geometric forms to discover the form of painting with orderly structure from the law of natural reverence, that is, to use inductive methods to observe and understand the objective natural world as a whole. In the teaching of still life sketching, students are required to make meaningful subjective trade-offs on the cloth pattern from a point, a line, a surface and the combination relationship between the object and the image, and highlight the survival relationship between the object and the background, so as to form an orderly whole picture.

Step 1: Determine the width and height of all objects, draw the basic outline of each object, and pay attention to the position of the object and the occlusion relationship between the front and back.

Step 2: According to the perspective relationship between the front and back of the object, deepen the part of the color near the front to enhance the perspective effect between the objects.

Step 3: Use a long straight line to outline the outline of the object, pay attention to the position of the vertices of the cube, and correctly grasp the perspective relationship. Draw the structural shape lines of the slice cylinder and the cube.

Step 4: Then, according to the illumination direction of the light source, draw the basic outline of the projection surface of each object, and pay attention to the grasp of the projection shape. Draw the line dividing the background from the plane at the same time.

Step 5: Distinguish the light and dark of the object as a whole, determine the boundary line between light and dark of each object, and arrange the overall line of the dark part. At the same time, draw the overall line of the projection surface, pay attention to the depth change of the tone of the projection surface, and the line should have a virtual and real change when drawing.

Step 6: Strengthen the overall tone of the projection surface of the object and enhance the three-dimensional sense of the picture. Use short straight lines to draw the textured tones of the object's background interlining. Notice the shades of the tone and the direction of the lines.

The structure of the sketch determines the inner core of the picture and object.

For many people, drawing a sketch structure is very boring and boring.

In fact, structural sketching is not difficult to draw, mainly grasping perspective, proportion, and spatial relationships.

Through light and shade, the essential structure of the picture.

To grasp the structure of the sketch.

Then your sketch structure will come in handy.

If you have not yet participated in the joint entrance examination training, it is highly recommended to conduct in-depth training before the training in the studio (any regular studio in the market is fine), and preparing in advance can make you more handy during the training camp! Even art students who are in the training period of the joint entrance examination are studying on the Internet while training in the studio. (if you can afford it).

1. Structural perspective relationship

Sketch the structure of the facial features - the structure of the nose, the structure of the mouth, the structure of the eyes, etc., these structures are essential when sketching, understand the head (front, side, positive and lateral structural relationships), grasp these perspective changes, should determine the middle line of the head, the auxiliary line of the facial features, and then grasp the law of head movement.

2. Proportional relationship:

In order to accurately draw the facial features of the character, first determine the proportional relationship between the three stops and the five eyes. Previously, Da Huijun focused on explaining the proportional relationship between the five facial features of the head, and now I have reviewed it for you, three stops: the distance from the forehead ** hairline to the tip of the chin is divided into three equal parts, the distance from the hairline to the eyebrows is the first equal division, the distance from the eyebrows to the end of the nose is the second equal division, and the distance from the end of the nose to the chin is the third equal division, five eyes:

Taking the length of one eye as the standard, from the hairline to the tail of the eye, it is one eye, from the outer corner of the eye to the inner corner of the eye is the second eye, the distance between the two inner corners of the eye is three eyes, from the inner corner of the eye to the outer corner of the eye, the length of another eye is four eyes, and from the outer corner of the eye to the hairline is called five eyes. When training a sketch structure, proportional relationships are very important.

In fact, I don't recommend leaving the study of traditional art, I recommend an art student to learn the ** - "Art Collection Online School", "Art Collection Online School" for art training sketching, sketching, color, design courses are very solid.

3. Three-dimensional space

The so-called three-dimensional space is a three-dimensional space composed of height, width and depth. The space of the sketch head is composed of the interspersed relationship between the shape and structure of the head of the figure, the perspective relationship, the change of light and shade and the change of virtual and real, etc., the spatial relationship of the sketch head should be strong, and it is under the premise of the accurate appearance that the relationship between primary and secondary, light and dark and virtual reality is opened, so friends, when drawing a sketch, we should pay attention to the processing of structural lines, structural turning points, light and dark junction lines, edge lines and projections, and the changes of virtual and real are very important to the embodiment of the sense of space.

Plaster sketch structure.

Sketching the head is generally starting from the structure of the plaster head, and drawing the plaster head is generally from the general positioning and outline. To grasp the structural characteristics of the facial features, it is important to pay attention to the treatment of plaster hair: it is necessary to group and grasp the group that can best help you embody the three-dimensional to depict.

Training in sketching plaster structure, through learning, training, and gradually mastering the structure and expression of plaster facial features.