How is fertilization applied in floriculture? How to fertilize flowers

Basal fertilizer: This is the fertilizer that is applied to the soil of a plant before it is planted. If you are planting plants on the surface of the ground, you can mix the fertilizer with the soil, sprinkle it in the ground, cover it with a layer of soil, and then plant seedlings; If you are planting an indoor potted plant, you can spread the fertilizer directly into the lower part of the pot and cover it with soil.

Whether outdoors or indoors, plant roots should not be allowed to come into direct contact with the fertilizer.

Base fertilizer can also be used to repot plants, and flower veterans prefer to use the method of base fertilizer, and flower novices can also be more inclined to top dressing methods.

Top dressing: I agree with the understanding that it is fertilized during the growth period of the plant, but it is called top dressing. When topdressing, try not to apply fertilizer close to the roots. so as not to burn the plant. After fertilization, the soil should be loosened and watered in time.

Precautions: Before fertilizing, it is necessary to have a necessary understanding of the plant, different plants, different periods, the fertilizer applied is not the same. At the same time, it is also necessary to fertilize according to the condition of your own plants.

Seasons are also a factor in fertilization. Although there is a clear fertilization method for the fertilizer purchased, it should also be determined according to the situation of your own plant. The longest fertilization is to pay attention to a small amount of more application, rather each time the amount of fertilizer is slightly smaller, more fertilization several times, but not greedy for convenience, the amount of fertilizer applied is too much.

In order to avoid excessive fertilizer and burn the root system. Unnecessary damage to plants.

Fertilization of bonsai and flowers is very particular, too much application, and the branches and leaves are long; If there is a lack of fertilizer, the branches will be weak, the leaf color will turn yellow, and it will be susceptible to diseases and insects. So pay attention to the following tips for fertilization:

First, the newly planted, newly potted, and newly changed potted trees and potted flowers have damaged their root systems, so it is advisable not to fertilize them for the time being. In spring and summer, potted flowers and potted trees are in peak season, so you must apply more fertilizer. In autumn, potted flowers and potted trees grow slowly, so less fertilizer is needed.

In winter, flowering trees enter the dormant period and stop fertilizing. It is not suitable to fertilize around noon on rainy days or high temperatures in midsummer (fertilization is easy to lose in rainy days, and fertilization in high temperature weather is easy to hurt the root system). Fertilization is best done on cloudy days, in the evening or when the potting soil is slightly dry, first remove weeds and loosen the soil, which is conducive to fertilizer water infiltration into the soil and accelerates the decomposition of fertilizer.

However, it must be watered thoroughly the next morning, commonly known as "return water", which is not only conducive to the absorption of fertilizer water but also avoids fertilizer damage.

The second is to apply thin fertilizer frequently, and the amount of fertilizer applied each time should be small and thin. Generally speaking, from the beginning of spring to the beginning of autumn, chase thin fertilizer water (seven points of water and three points of fertilizer) every 15 days; Top dressing once 30 days after the beginning of autumn, and stop topdressing after the beginning of winter.

Third, it is necessary to pay attention to the nutrients needed by potted flowers and potted trees are mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen fertilizer promotes the growth of plant branches and leaves, such as peanut bran, soybean cake, and ammonium sulfate; Phosphate fertilizer promotes bright flower color and fruit hypertrophy, such as superphosphate and crushed bone meal; Potassium fertilizers promote root development and firm plants, such as potassium sulfate and plant ash. Therefore, it should be applied separately according to the growth of the plant, and also according to the characteristics of the variety and growth.

Fourth, it is best to use organic fertilizer for bonsai flowers, also known as farm fertilizer, such as human manure, poultry manure, bone meal, peanut bran, soybean cake and various green manure, plant ash, etc., these fertilizers contain different components of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Do not use chemical fertilizers as much as possible, because chemical fertilizers will leave acid or salt roots, and the potting soil will become acidic or alkaline, hindering the growth of plants. In addition, fertilization should be applied on the edge of the pot.

<> "Fertilization tips for flowers, the use of organic fertilizer for flowers.

Tips for fertilizing flowers:

Fertilization of family flowers should be thin and diligent, can be light and thick, to strictly grasp the concentration of fertilizer, the general fertilizer liquid, especially the fertilizer made by themselves, to be diluted and then used, to fertilize according to the fertilizer characteristics of flowers; Once fertilizer damage occurs, it is necessary to pour more water, uproot it immediately if it is serious, rinse the roots, dip it in potassium permanganate water for disinfection, dry it and replant it with new soil; Organic fertilizer is used for family flowers, and the best organic compound fertilizer on the market is not dirty and odorous, and the fertilizer effect is good: chemical compound fertilizer is easy to harden the potting soil, and it is also easy to produce fertilizer damage, especially rhododendron, begonia, June snow, pearl orchid, etc. You can also take local materials and make some fertilizers, which are pollution-free and economical and practical

Generally, flowers can be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 10 days or so.

When changing pots and new potted flowers and trees, base fertilizers such as fish intestines, cake fertilizer, and manure should be applied; Fresh fish belly intestines, yellow bones, tortoise shells, etc. are crushed and buried in the cave by the basin, covered with soil, once per season, and have a significant effect on aromatic flowers such as Lazheng Shoumei, Yueji, White Orchid, Milan, etc.

A considerable part of the newly purchased flowers are newly transplanted into the root system and are damaged to a certain extent, resulting in a green pot. The phenomenon of water loss and poor absorption function are poor. Immediate fertilization will aggravate the water loss of the root system, and even cause root rot, leaf rerise and fall off, and even die.

It is best to water water first, observe for two or three weeks, and after no leaves fall or new leaves grow, it means that the absorption function of the root system has been restored, and new roots have grown, and you can fertilize. Fertilization should be light first and then thick, and thick fertilizer should not be applied at the beginning.

Flower with organic fertilizer usage:

Flower fertilizer is divided into organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer mainly refers to animal manure, cake fertilizer, bone meal, fish meal rice water, hair, fish belly intestines, livestock scraps, plant ash and other fully decomposed fertilizer and biological fertilizer: flower fertilizer commonly used organic fertilizer manure, chicken and duck manure, plant ash, sesame sauce residue, cake and bone meal.

Manure: that is, the feces of domestic animals, mixed with the consumption of surplus forage or fodder. Contains more nitrogen, but also contains phosphorus and potassium chicken and duck manure: chicken and duck and other poultry manure contains the most phosphorus, suitable for all kinds of flowers, especially suitable for ornamental flowers.

Peanut drum or peanut cake oil crop seed oil residue left after oil extraction, such as soybean cake and sesame sauce residue, contains organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, comprehensive nutrients, beneficial to the growth of flowers, should be fully fermented and rotted before use.

Bone meal is a powdered fertilizer made from animal bones, which is a delay-acting phosphate fertilizer, with good fertilizer efficiency and comprehensive nutrition. It can be mixed into the culture soil as base fertilizer, and can also be sprinkled on the surface of the potting soil as top dressing. Cleaner than animal manure, cake fertilizer and bone meal are organic fertilizers, which are easy to spoil, so they should be stored in a dry and ventilated place.

Generally speaking, fertilization is applied during the growing season of flowers, and vigorous flowers need more fertilizer; Vegan fertilizer was applied at the seedling stage, phosphorus fertilizer was mainly applied at the flowering and fruiting stage, nitrogen fertilizer was used for foliage flowers, and fertilization was stopped for flowers in the dormant stage. In addition, it is necessary to grasp the principle of "thin fertilizer and diligent application", that is, "eat less and eat more". It is best to apply a thin fertilizer water in about 10 days during the growth period of flower seedlings, and the best fertilization effect is in the evening, and fertilizer should not be applied around noon, because the soil temperature is high and the roots are easily injured.

Organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed before it can be applied. In recent years, the fertilizer efficiency of controlled-release fertilizer can reach half a year or even longer, and its one-time application rate can be greater than that of water-soluble fertilizer, and the gradual release of nutrients can meet the nutrient needs of flowers for a longer time.

Pay attention to the time of fertilization of flowers, apply it in accordance with its growth needs in all seasons, and generally stop fertilizing in winter; It is also necessary to combine its demand for fertilizer, choose appropriate nitrogen fertilizer or phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to make it grow better. When fertilizing, thin fertilizer should be applied frequently, and thick fertilizer should be avoided to burn the roots; After fertilization, permeable irrigation should be carried out in time to promote better absorption of nutrients.

Fertilize flowers to choose their vigorous growth period, such as in the spring flowers generally need more fertilizer, need to meet their fertilizer needs, summer and autumn flowers are also growing, for the relative decline in fertilizer demand, can reduce fertilization, and so on to the winter dormant period can stop fertilizer, so as not to absorb flowers do not absorb compost.

For flowers at different stages of growth, it is necessary to choose suitable fertilizers for fertilization. If the branches and leaves are in the vigorous growth stage, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to promote better development, but when it is time for flowering, the fertilizer should be changed to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote the flower bud differentiation to bloom more and more beautifully.

In how to fertilize flowers, we should also pay attention to the thin fertilizer applied frequently, and do not apply thick fertilizer to flowers and plants, which can easily cause their roots to be burned by thick fertilizer, so that it can not grow normally, and even die. The decomposed fertilizer should be diluted with water, and then applied in small quantities many times to supplement nutrients.

Generally, after fertilizing flowers and plants, in order to promote their better absorption of nutrients, the last is to carry out a permeable watering in time after fertilization, which can promote the fertilizer to better penetrate into the soil, so that flowers and plants can absorb sufficient nutrients and grow more vigorously. Be careful not to water the leaves with fertilizer or overwater.

Home-made organic fertilizers such as rice water, soybean water, various vegetable and fruit skins or chicken intestines and fish intestines are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium after being cooked in water. Crushed egg shells, rotted chicken manure, sheep manure, and broken bone meal are rich in phosphate fertilizer, which can play a certain role in promoting the flowering of plant pregnant buds.

During the vigorous growth period of the plant, it can be applied every 10 days. The ash formed after the burning of firewood or fallen leaves is a good potassium fertilizer, which is applied to the wound of the plant and has the effect of sterilization and disinfection; In winter, take an appropriate amount of plant ash and cover the soil surface to keep warm and enhance the plant's ability to resist cold and disease.

Various flowering plants such as gardenias, jasmine, rhododendrons, camellias, Milanese, etc., prefer slightly acidic soils, and can make homemade alum fertilizer water (ferrous sulfate, dried manure, cake fertilizer and water press 1:3:5:

100 ratio configuration, fully fermented into a black-green liquid), watering plants once every half month, not only supplementing fertilizer, but also adjusting the soil pH, but also promoting more flowering of plants.

Potted strawberries are not as good as greenhouse strawberries, and the most important thing we ignore in the daily maintenance process of the family is fertilization. When planting in the pot, add organic fertilizer at the bottom, and apply organic nutrient solution once a week after the successful potting of slow seedlings, and the concentration in summer is thinner than before. When fertilizing, do not water the flowers, it is easy to rot the buds, and you can water slowly along the soil surface.

When fertilizing potted flowers, the edge of the pot should be applied, and the fertilizer should not be directly in contact with the flower seedlings, because it is easy to damage the flower seedlings.

The application of potted flower compound fertilizer needs to rely on the various growth period of flowers to determine the concentration.

At the seedling stage, 1000 times more specifically, it is 100 liters of water and 100 grams of fertilizer, once every 5 to 7 days.

Later, with the gradual increase of 800 to 600 times the concentration during the growth period, it is enough to do it conservatively once every 3 to 5 days.

Fertilization should be applied according to the following principles:

First, if it is organic fertilizer, it must be used after it has been decomposed.

Second, it is not suitable to apply thick fertilizer, and it must be applied diligently with thin fertilizer.

Third, it is necessary to fertilize in a timely manner, and we need to fertilize according to different seasons and temperatures according to the growth and development stage of plants.

If it is a plant that has just been cutting, just repotted, or just divided, it is not suitable to fertilize immediately, if the concentration of fertilizer used is too large, we should immediately soak in water and rinse to dilute the concentration of fertilizer.

If the yellowing of the foliage is caused by the alkalinity of the soil, we can regularly use 1% ferrous sulfate to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the soil.

(1) Fertilization according to different flowers and trees and different growth periods. For example, chrysanthemums should gradually increase the amount and concentration of fertilizer in the process of forming flower buds. Gardenias, rhododendrons, camellias, jasmine and other acid-loving soil flowers and trees, can not be applied ammonia, sodium nitrate and other alkaline fertilizers.

Bulbous flowers and flowers that need to be re-cut every year should be fertilized with phosphorus and potassium. Overwintering fertilizer should be applied half a month before frost to improve the cold resistance of plants; Before germination in early spring, germination fertilizer should be applied to make the bud buds hypertrophied and germinate quickly; When the spring shoots are about to ripen, they should apply fertility to promote the differentiation of flower buds and the full of pregnant buds; Apply thin nutrient fertilizer after flowering to restore the tree's potential to promote flowering or fruiting. In the full flowering period and the early stage of fruit set, fertilizer and water should be controlled, otherwise it is easy to drop flowers and fruits.

Rapid growth at the seedling stage, more nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied. Before flowering and budding, apply more phosphorus fertilizer.

2) Loosen the soil before fertilization, and pay attention not to let the fertilizer water fall on the leaves and buds. Human manure, superphosphate, ammonium carbonate and other acidic fertilizers cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash and ammonia. Alkaline potting soil should be acidic fertilizer, and acidic potting soil should be alkaline fertilizer.

Fertilizer should not be single, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied in combination to improve fertilizer efficiency; The combination of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can prolong the fertilizer effect, prevent potting soil compaction, and improve aeration, water seepage, water retention, fertilizer retention and other properties.

3) When fertilizing the balcony, pay attention to environmental hygiene, and at the same time be careful not to stain the clothes drying on the balcony downstairs.

Fertilization of potted flowers should be done in a timely and appropriate amount according to the habits of different flowers and the needs of different growth and development stages, temperature, light and seasonal changes, as well as the original fertility and texture of the potting soil.

1) It is very important to apply basal fertilizer, and the basal fertilizer is sufficient, and the top dressing can be reduced. The organic fertilizer made after full fermentation is suitable for the base fertilizer of potted plants. The usage is to mix one to three percent of the fertilizer in the culture soil, keep it moist, make the fertilizer and the soil fully integrated, and use it after 2 to 3 months in the winter or high temperature season.

According to different ingredients, they can be used for potting, potting or repotting of different flowers. Hoofhorns and poultry feathers are used as base fertilizers, which can be placed directly on the bottom of the pot when the flowers are potted. Soybean cake and other oil meal fertilizer and bone meal are used as base fertilizer in the same way as manure, and the dosage is 3% 5% when mixed into the culture soil.

When the flowers and trees are not repotted, they can also open a circular ditch along the edge of the pot when the flowers and trees are dormant, apply some fermented organic fertilizer, and then cover with new culture soil, which can also replace the application of base fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers such as phosphate fertilizer can use superphosphate and phosphate rock powder, nitrogen fertilizer can use ammonium sulfate urea, potassium fertilizer can use potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, and two weeks ago mixed into the culture soil as base fertilizer.

2) Top dressing In the growing season of flowers and trees, apply thin liquid fertilizer to make up for the lack of base fertilizer. All fermented urine, soybean cake water, fish intestine water, rice washing water and other 1 part of the original solution, with 10 20 times water, or with urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, apply 1 2 times a week, once every half month after the beginning of autumn. Top dressing should be mastered:

Apply more nitrogen and potassium fertilizers during the vegetative growth period, apply more phosphorus fertilizers during the flower bud formation period, loosen the soil the day before fertilization, and water the next morning after fertilization; Apply after the beginning of spring, not after the autumn equinox; It can be applied before the rain and on sunny days, but not after the rain; It is applied when the climate is dry, and not in the rainy season; When the potting soil is dry, when the potting soil is wet, the climate is suitable for vigorous growth, and the climate is hot and the growth is stagnant, and it is not applied when the new planting, growth and dormancy are not applied; Thin fertilizer is applied frequently, and thick fertilizer is not applied; Fat-loving chrysanthemums and jasmine, from light to thick, can be applied more, and pines and cypresses such as barren-resistant five-needle pine should be applied more than light; Apply before and after flowering, and do not apply during the full flowering period; It can be applied in the morning and evening, but not at noon; Strong seedlings can be applied more, and weak seedlings should be applied less; Do not be hungry, do not be full; Not rotten, not diluted, not applied.

3) Extra-root topdressing is sprayed on the top and bottom of the leaf with chemical fertilizer solution to make up for the lack of root fertilization. Due to the increased fertilizer absorption, the plant grows robustly, the branches are leafy, the flowers are colorful, and the disease resistance is also enhanced, but it cannot replace soil fertilization. Only inorganic fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, superphosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate that are easily soluble in water can be used in the morning and evening in the weather with low temperature and high humidity.

The temperature is high, it is easy to dry and cannot be absorbed. The depth is appropriate, too light and low fertilizer efficiency, too thick and difficult to absorb.