The architectural styles of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the architectural styles of the var

The building structure gradually developed from a mixed civil structure with earth walls and mounds as the main load-bearing parts to an all-timber structure. The masonry structure has made great progress, and towers can be built tens of meters high; The architectural style has transitioned from the Han style of being clumsy, rigid, dignified, serious, and mainly based on straight lines, to the Tang style of being fluent, bold, vigorous and lively, and using curves.

1. Xia Shang Building.

From the perspective of China's architectural structure system, the Chinese slave society (Xia, Shang and Zhou) completed the creation of the wood structure system under the extremely low level of productivity, and mastered the methods of building cities and high platforms.

The building system of Chinese architecture is mainly wood structure, which is one of the three main systems in the world (stone, wood, and raw earth), and although it is still in the initial stage of slave society, the structural mode is basically established. One of the major characteristics of Chinese architecture is that it shows a hierarchical order, which can be seen in the architecture of Chinese slave society.

2. Zhou Dynasty architecture.

The Luoyi Wangcheng of the Western Zhou Dynasty is located in Luoyang, Henan Province, and the ruins have disappeared, so it can only be roughly speculated according to the "Examination of the Gongji" and other documents. The earliest known bronze ware that shows the building is the Pavilion, which was cast in the period of King Cheng and King Kang of the Western Zhou Dynasty. There are four pillars at the four corners of the base, the head of the column has a head, there is a horizontal frieze between the buckets, and there is a low column on the frieze.

There is no physical building of the Zhou Dynasty, although some remains of the foundation site have been found, but the superstructure and appearance are still not clear. The only information to understand the architectural image of the Zhou Dynasty is the imitation architectural parts of the bronze and lacquerware of the time, or the partial images of the buildings cast and engraved on these objects.

3. Qin and Han architecture.

The unification of the Qin and Han dynasties promoted the exchange of architectural culture between the Central Plains and Wu and Chu, and the scale of the buildings became larger and the combinations were more diverse. The Qin and Han dynasties were dominated by capitals, palaces, sacrificial buildings (ritual buildings) and mausoleums, and by the end of the Han Dynasty, Buddhist buildings appeared.

The planning of the capital city was symmetrical from the rules of the Western Zhou Dynasty, through the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the free pattern, and gradually returned to the regularity, and by the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao Yecheng was the symbol, and this process was completed. The palace is an official garden, and the scale is huge.

The sacrificial building is an important building type in the Han Dynasty, and its main body is still the high-rise building that has prevailed since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

4. Architecture of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the development of social production was relatively slow, and there were not as many vivid creations and innovations in architecture as during the Han and Han dynasties. However, the introduction of Buddhism gave rise to the development of Buddhist architecture.

The high-rise pagoda appeared, and brought the carving and painting art of India and Central Asia, which not only made China's grottoes, Buddha statues, murals, etc. have a great development, but also affected the architectural art, so that the relatively simple architectural style of the Han Dynasty became more mature and round.

5. Song Liaojin architecture

In the Song Dynasty, China's urban economy was developed, the division of labor in handicrafts was refined, the tools of scientific and technological production were more advanced, and the prosperity of commerce promoted the whole society forward. Influenced by the spiritual field, the architecture of the Song Dynasty did not have the majestic momentum of the Tang Dynasty architecture, the volume was small, splendid and full of changes, showing a delicate and soft style, and various complex forms of palaces, platforms, buildings and pavilions appeared.

The building structure also changed greatly in the Song Dynasty, which was highlighted by the fact that the load-bearing effect of the dougong was greatly weakened, and the ratio of the arch height to the column height became smaller and smaller. Some of the ang, which used to play an important role in the structure, have been replaced by diagonal pads, and the number of tween paving has increased.

The architectural style of China's ancient buildings and decoration of various dynasties, Tang Dynasty The roof slope is gentle, the eaves are deeper, the proportion of supporting bucket arches is larger, the red lacquered pillars are thicker, and the proportion of wooden frame parts tends to be stereotyped Building materials have been widely used glazed tiles Indoor windows are mostly used, and the overall building looks solemn, simple and magnificent Song Dynasty, the scale of the building is generally smaller than that of the Tang Dynasty, the roof began to bend, and has a slight warping angle, the doors and windows of the building are mostly made of diamond flower windows, and various forms of palaces and pavilions appeared, Exquisite carving patterns and color painting art were added, and the architectural style gradually tended to be gorgeous and soft Yuan Dynasty In the transition period in architecture, various decorations increased, ridges appeared on various ridges of the tile roof, and the tail of the roof ridge gradually curled outward The Ming and Qing dynasties made great achievements and became the last peak in the history of ancient architecture in our country Ming Dynasty buildings used a lot of bricks and tiles The colors and textures of glazed bricks and tiles are richer and more detailed The roof of the hall is high and steep, the roof is curved and large, and the wings are upturned The appearance of the Qing Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty has not changed much, but the wing angles have been warped higher, and the dougong has become smaller. The number of flowers has increased, and the height of official-style buildings has tended to be stereotyped At the same time, in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, openwork carvings appeared, the pursuit of detailed and colorful decoration, and plaques and couplets were also prevalent for a while

The single building is further developed on the basis of the original architectural art and technology, and the pavilion-style architecture is quite common, and the plan is mostly square. Dougong has volume killing, overlapping, jumping out, herringbone arch is used in large quantities, there is a structure of herringbone arch and a bucket three liters combination, and the curved foot herringbone arch appears in the later period; Let the arch replace the wooden bearing, the bucket bears the bar, and the forehead is paved with a bucket and three liters of the stigma herringbone tween, and there are two rolls of petal arches; The railing is a mullion and a hook railing; The raspberry base of the column is high, and the lotus petals are narrow and long; The pedestal has bricks paved with scattered water and Sumeru seats; Doors and windows are mostly used for version doors and mullioned windows, and the ceiling is often used in herringbone slope, and there are also bucket-shaped ceilings; The roofs are becoming more and more diverse, the tail ridge has curved, and the corners have been warped; Liangfang has the phenomenon of using herringbone fork hands and Shu columns, the tip of the beam on the bucket, or the amount of the column on the bucket, and the beam on the forehead; There are straight columns and octagonal columns, etc., and octagonal columns and square columns are mostly scored.

China's ancient buildings and costumes come from various dynasties.

of the self-built style.

Tang Dynasty The slope of the roof is gentle, the eaves are deeper, the proportion of supporting bucket arches is larger, the red lacquered columns are thicker, and the proportion of wooden frame parts tends to be stereotyped Building materials have been widely used glazed tiles Interior windows are mostly used, and the overall building appears solemn, simple and magnificent

Song Dynasty, the scale of the building is generally smaller than the Tang Dynasty, the roof began to bend, and has a slight warping angle, the doors and windows of the building are mostly made of rhombic maple windows, there are various forms of palaces and pavilions, the exquisite carving patterns and color painting art have been added, the architectural style gradually tends to be gorgeous and soft, the Yuan Dynasty is in a period of transition in architecture, various decorations have increased, various ridges of the tile roof appear ridges, and the tail of the roof ridge is gradually curled outward

The Ming and Qing dynasties made great achievements and became the last peak in the history of ancient architecture in our country Ming Dynasty buildings used a large number of bricks and tiles The color and texture of glazed bricks and tiles are richer and more detailed The roof of the hall is high and steep, the roof is curved and the wings are upturned The appearance of the Qing Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty has not changed much, but the wing angles have been higher, the dougong is smaller, the number of flowers has increased, and the height of the official building tends to be stereotyped At the same time, in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there was an openwork carving, the pursuit of meticulous and colorful decoration, and plaques and couplets were also prevalent for a while