Confucianism, Taoism, Moism, Legalism Advantages and disadvantages?

1. Advantages and disadvantages of Confucianism and Taoism:

1. Advantages of Confucianism:

Confucianism advocates courtesy, righteousness, and the rule of man, emphasizing the value foundation of a social order.

2. Disadvantages of Confucianism:

Emphasizing politics over economics, overemphasizing the distinction between righteousness and profit, and one-sidedly demanding that people sacrifice profits for righteousness, restrain selfish desires, be pure-hearted and have few desires, be frugal and frugal, be happy with poverty, and be obedient to the odds, so as to maintain the stability of social order.

3. Advantages of Taoist thought:

Taoism emphasizes the co-development of mind and matter, especially a deep understanding of the characteristics of aesthetic and artistic creation, which is also lacking in Confucianism. "Sincerity and far-reaching, virtuous and virtuous".

4. Disadvantages of Taoist thought:

The Taoist ideal of seclusion and the philosophy of seclusion are too negative, advocating non-action, which is inevitably illusory.

2. Definition: 1. Confucianism:

Advocating "etiquette" and "benevolence", advocating the way of "loyalty and forgiveness" and "moderation". He advocates "rule by virtue" and "benevolent government", and attaches importance to the relationship between ethics and normality.

The biggest characteristic of the Mohists is that they actively save the world, take the world as their own responsibility, advocate people's efforts, and the group has a strong organization, which is incomparable to each family. In terms of logic and philosophy, Mohists are the earliest researchers in China, and they have also made outstanding contributions to physical chemistry and Mohists.

It is characterized by emphasizing practice, emphasizing the people, utilitarianism, science and technology, and hard work.

Legalism mainly represented the interests of the emerging landlord class, and was characterized by emphasizing the legal system and safeguarding the authority of the monarchy.

Heavy power technique, advocating strict punishment to complete the law.

Taoism attaches great importance to nature, advocating non-action and quietness, the so-called domain has four major domains, the Tao is great, the heaven is big, the earth is big, and the people are also big, so the law of man and the law of the earth and the law of heaven and the law of heaven and the law of the Tao are natural. It is to do nothing, abandon wisdom, and abandon profit.

Confucianism mainly advocated the restoration of Zhou rites, the rule of etiquette, and the reconstruction of the old social order, which was characterized by conservative restoration.

Confucius said that he speaks but does not do, and does not create.

Similarities: 1. The ideas of Confucianism, Moism, Taoism, and Legalism were all produced during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when the society was turbulent and fragmented.

2. These ideas are all Confucius.

as well as Mencius and Xunzi.

Mozi, Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi, and Han Feizi.

of their respective attitudes towards the governance of the country.

3. From the perspective of the role produced, they all had a certain impact on the society at that time.

Differences: 1. Taoism is mainly represented by Laozi and Zhuangzi, advocating nature, with dialectical elements and atheistic tendencies, and at the same time advocating quiet and inaction, and opposing struggle.

2. Confucianism, with Confucius and Mencius as the main representatives, advocates etiquette, emphasizes the traditional ethical relationship, and pays special attention to the ethical relationship between people.

3. Legalists, with Han Feizi as the main representative, advocated opposing the etiquette system, emphasizing the role of law, believing that people have the nature of "good and evil" or "avoiding harm for profit", opposing conservative retro thinking, and advocating determined reform.

4. The Mohists take Mozi as the main representative, and their thoughts advocate both love, non-attack, Shangxian, Shangtong, Tianzhi, non-life, non-music, thrift, and funeral.

The core of Confucianism is "benevolence". Politically, Confucius advocated the restoration of the etiquette system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the establishment of private schools in education, the promotion of education without class, the emphasis on teaching according to aptitude, and the emphasis on "not being angry, not being angry"; Mencius advocated that the king should practice "benevolent government" so that the world could be brought to the heart. In thought, a tension structure of benevolence and propriety has been formed; From the inner saint to the outer king, through the inner body and mind, the outer king's deeds are learned; Particular attention is paid to the ethical relationship between people, and it is applied to political practice as a guiding principle.

The core of Taoist thought is the "Tao", which is believed to be the origin of the universe and the law that governs all movements in the universe. Lao Tzu is the founder of Taoism, and his ideological propositions are:"Inaction", advocating "keeping soft", "living in the subordinate", "few desires" and "goodness".

Mozi is the founder of the Mohist school, and he once proposed "contemporaneous love" to complete fraternity; "Non-offensive" opposes wars of aggression; "Shangxian" does not distinguish between high and low, only talent; "Shangtong" is dedicated to serving the people, promoting the good and eliminating the disadvantages of the society, which is contrary to the Confucian viewpoint; "Tianzhi" grasps the laws of nature; "Non-fate" takes control of one's own destiny through hard work, etc.; "Non-music" got rid of the shackles of ritual music divided into hierarchies, and abolished the cumbersome and extravagant chime making and playing; "Saving" savings to expand production. against the extravagant and hedonistic life; "Festive burial" does not waste social wealth on the dead.

Legalists advocate "rule of law", and advocate the strategy of governing the country that combines "law", "art" and "potential" [law - law and rules and regulations, power - power and power, and art - political power. He strongly advocated the centralization of monarchical power.

To put it simply: Confucianism - bachelor, Taoism - hermit, Legalism - strategist, Mohist - chivalrous

Legalism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Mohism are the four major schools of thought in ancient China. These four schools of thought have had a profound impact on Chinese philosophy and culture. They differ in their ideological basis, purpose, theory and practical methods. Let's take a closer look.

Legalists emphasize the rule of law, believing that human nature is inherently evil, and only through the constraints of the law can people follow the rules and maintain social order. The method of Legalism is to summarize the general laws from history and establish a legal system to achieve social governance. Legalism emphasizes power, and the task of the politician is to gain the trust of the emperor by realizing the usefulness of the law, so as to gain power and realize his own ideas.

Taoism emphasizes the "Tao", believing that everything has a Tao, and that "Tao" is the origin and secret of all things in the universe, and pursues the goal of immortality through alchemy and other methods. Taoists believe that people should pursue harmony, freedom, and nature. They opposed the governance and ceremonial authority of the apparatus and advocated natural freedom.

Confucianism emphasizes benevolence and etiquette. They believe that human nature is inherently good, and that personal and social progress is promoted through education and the shaping of character. Confucianism emphasized humanism, and they advocated cultivating the human spirit, or leading and governing the state, rather than using the shackles of law to regulate human behavior.

The Mohists emphasized both state and love, and they advocated "non-offensive" and advocated world peace. The Mohists emphasized pragmatism, and they proposed a series of technological inventions and engineering designs to improve the country's military strength and economic level in order to protect itself and develop the country.

The above is a basic introduction to the four schools of thought, which have their own characteristics in the history of Chinese thought and have made important contributions to the development of Chinese society and culture. <>