What plants are symbiotic, and how do plants mutually benefit each other?

Rhizobia and legumes, this is a mutually beneficial and symbiotic relationship.

Sea anemones and clownfish are typical of symbiosis. The anemone has a lot of stingers, but it does not hurt the clownfish, the anemone protects from other fish, and the clownfish eats the digested residue of the anemone to help him clean up his body. Even clownfish can be used as "bait" for anemones to prey on other fish.

1. Parasitic relationship:

Most higher plants are self-reliant, absorbing water and inorganic salts directly from the soil or water through their roots, and at the same time, photosynthesizing through their own green tissues, producing the organic nutrients necessary for their growth and development. However, there are some higher plants that live a parasitic life without work, and the nutrients they need for growth and development must be obtained from the plants.

In this parasitic relationship, the injured party is called the host plant, and the beneficiary is called the parasitic plant.

2. Epiphytic relationship:

A plant can absorb water and produce nutrients on its own by living organisms of other plant species. Except for plants with epiphytic leaves, which will have a certain effect on the light conditions of the host, epiphytes generally do not cause damage to the host. The epiphytic phenomenon of plants is one of the main hallmark features of tropical rainforests.

3. Symbiotic relationship:

Typical symbiotic phenomena in the plant kingdom include lichens (symbiosis of algae and fungi), nodules (e.g., symbiosis between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes), and mycorrhizae (symbiosis of fungi and other plant roots).

4. Mechanical relationship:

There are many plant species in the natural plant community, and some plant species with the same requirements for environmental factors show fierce competition with each other. Some plant species with different requirements for environmental factors not only have little competition, but sometimes show reciprocity. The mechanical relationship is mainly the relationship between plants that compete fiercely with each other, especially the relationship between vines and trees in the tropical rainforest.

5. Physiological and chemical relationship:

The exudates of some plants are beneficial for the growth and development of others, for example, the black elderberry is beneficial for the distribution of spruce roots; When honey locust, ash and seven-mile grow together, they have a significant promoting effect on each other. Some plants secrete a certain gas or sap from the body, which affects or inhibits the growth of other plants.

1. Lichens are symbionts of algae and fungi, and are stable and mutually beneficial symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic organisms (green algae or cyanobacteria), fungi are the main members, and their morphology and reproduction of offspring depend on fungi. It is also said that lichens are a special class of specialized fungi. The traditional definition has seen lichens as special lower plants that live in symbiosis between fungi and algae;

2. Leguminous plants and rhizobia: rhizobia and legumes symbiotic, forming nodules and fixing nitrogen in the air for plant nutrition. A class of Gram-negative aerobic bacilli that can promote abnormal growth in plants.

The bacteroids do not grow and reproduce in the root nodules, but can coexist with leguminous plants for nitrogen fixation, which has a good effect on the growth of leguminous plants.

3. Symbiosis between ruminants such as cattle and sheep and rumen microorganisms: rumen microorganisms help cattle and sheep to promote digestion and absorption of food, while cattle and ziyou sheep also provide an environment for the survival of rumen microorganisms.

1. Anemones and clownfish.

Clownfish live between the tentacles of sea anemones, which can save them from being eaten by other fish, while sea anemones have tentacles with spiny cells that protect them from predation, and clownfish itself secretes a mucus on the surface of its body to protect itself from being harmed by sea anemones.

2. Goby and spear shrimp.

After the spear shrimp burrows, the gobies will come and live together in the burrow. The goby will keep the spear shrimp safe and even provide food to the spear shrimp, while the shrimp will clean the burrows. In a critical situation, the goby touches the shrimp with its tail to warn them of danger, and both creatures quickly retreat to their burrows to protect themselves.

3. Termites and hair worms.

Termites are parasitic in their intestines, and their relationship is mutually beneficial. The intestinal tract of termites does not secrete cellulase and cannot digest lignocellulose, while the worm can secrete a digestive cellulase enzyme that breaks down lignocellulose into absorbable glucose to provide nutrients for termites. On the other hand, flagellates also get the nutrients they need in the gut of termites.