The overall characteristics of the stone arch bridge, what are the characteristics of the stone arch

Stone arch bridge is one of the three basic types of traditional bridges in China. The system of stone arch bridges is diverse. The two bridges mentioned in this article are outstanding examples of millions of stone arch bridges.

For thousands of years, the stone arch bridge spreads all over the mountains and rivers of the motherland, with the increasing development of economy and culture, they are an integral part of the ancient splendid culture of our country, and have won honor for the motherland in the world. So far, a large number of well-preserved ancient bridges can be a historical witness to the exquisite skills of the bridge masters of the past dynasties, showing the wisdom and strength of the working people of our country. An ancient bridge that can withstand the test of natural disasters and wars and survive thousands of years without being damaged, is not only preserved as a monument, but also retains its inherent function, which can be called a miracle.

Of course, it should also be attributed to the hard work of the past dynasties, this kind of repair activities are often from the folk love bridge protection, this social fashion, in the history of bridges in our country, there are many stories, is worthy of praise. China is known as the ancient country of many bridges, this historical concept and quantitative concept, as well as the intuitive impression that there are physical objects to press, are all for the understanding of China's stone arch bridge must involve the knowledge involved. If we remove these vivid historical facts, not only will the connotation be empty, but what can one or two isolated shells illustrate?

Secondly, the stone arch bridge in the history of bridge development in our country, appeared late, but once it appeared, it was developed rapidly, that is, in 1880 after the introduction of modern railway highway bridge engineering technology into China, it still maintains its vigorous vitality, combined with modern engineering theory and new building materials, has achieved greater development. The two bridges introduced in this article, Zhaozhou Bridge has lasted 1,400 years, Lugou Bridge stands on the turbulent Yongding River, and has also experienced nearly 700 years, they are all majestic and solid, and still maintain the initial style, can pass heavy vehicles, which is rare in Chinese and foreign stone bridges. The creation of the open-shouldered Zhaozhou Bridge was seven centuries earlier than that of the West, and the reason why they can endure without breaking shows that the design and construction are in line with scientific principles.

Another example is the shallow foundation of Zhaozhou Bridge, short abutment, many modern engineers expressed their amazement, because after many times of ** flood and stand unharmed, this is by no means accidental, Tang Zhang Jiazhen's "Stone Bridge Inscription Preface" in the cloud: "The manufacture is peculiar, people do not know why." This evaluation is almost the same as that of the engineering scholars of the 20th century, and the technical superiority can be seen here.

In a large number of historical facts, this article uses "material saving, clever structure, high strength" to summarize the technical achievements of ancient stone arch bridges, which is the goal pursued by ancient and modern Chinese and foreign bridges and any buildings, at the beginning of the sixth century, China's skilled craftsmen exert their intelligence and make brilliant achievements in bold innovation, which is worthy of pride.

The Zhaozhou Bridge is more than 1,300 years old, and it still spans the Huhe River.

The Lugou Bridge has survived flooding but is still intact.

The bridge body is heavy, the span is small, and the structure is simple.

Characteristics of <> stone arch bridge: long history, beautiful form and solid structure. The most representative are Zhaozhou Bridge and Lugou Bridge, which have a long history, magnificent spirit, and are well-known at home and abroad, with the typical characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges.

The stone arch bridges in China have a very long history. According to records, there was a stone arch bridge called "Traveler's Bridge" around 282 AD, which may be the earliest stone arch bridge built in China. The Zhaozhou Bridge was built in 605 AD, more than 1,400 years ago.

The Lugou Bridge was built between 1189 and 1192 AD and is also steeped in history. The bridge across the water, the beauty of artistic conception, the carving and decoration of keys, and various styles are also a reflection of our aesthetic standards. Since the popularity of cave statues, ancient masonry workers have a set of superb skills and a certain level of art.

Zhaozhou Bridge and Lugou Bridge are famous all over the world as artistic treasures, which is also a valuable tradition of Chinese stone arch bridges in art. Both the Zhaozhou Bridge and the Lugou Bridge are majestic and sturdy, and they still maintain their original appearance, and they can pass through heavy vehicles, which is rare among stone bridges at home and abroad.

Description object Chinese stone arch bridge: beautiful form, solid structure, long history.

Descriptions are in proper order and hierarchical. This article is explained in the order from general to particular, first general and then specific. When explaining the structure of the bridge, it is ordered from the whole to the part, and the explanation of the historical development is in chronological order.

For example, "from general to special": the general characteristics of stone arch bridges in the world (general) the characteristics of stone arch bridges in China (general) the characteristics of Zhaozhou Bridge (specific), and the characteristics of Lugou Bridge (specific).

Another example is "from the whole to the part": "The whole bridge of Zhaozhou Bridge has only one large arch, which is ...... meters long"Whole); "On each shoulder of the great arch there are two small arches......The arch is made up of 28 arch circles to form a ......Local). Another example is "first to last".

Traveler's Bridge", "Zhaozhou Bridge", "Lugou Bridge", "Changhong Bridge" (chronological order).

The first section: the bridge hole of the stone arch bridge is arc-shaped;

The second section: the stone arch bridge has a long history, beautiful form and strong structure;

The third paragraph: China's stone arch bridge has a long history, is widely distributed, has a variety of forms, and has many amazing masterpieces;

Section 4: Zhaozhou Bridge has a long history and a solid structure;

The fifth paragraph: Zhaozhou Bridge is scientifically designed and ingenious;

The sixth paragraph: Lugou Bridge has a solid structure, ingenious technology and scientific design;

Section 7: Lugou Bridge is world-famous and beautifully built;

The eighth paragraph: Lugou Bridge has important commemorative significance in the history of our country;

Paragraph 9: The reasons for the glorious achievements of the stone arch bridge in our country;

Paragraph 10: China's bridge industry is well developed.

1. Make an analogy.

It is illustrated through parables. There are many metaphors for stone arch bridges in the text, which are compared to two things: one is a rainbow and the other is a bow.

These two things can not only express the basic characteristics of the stone arch bridge in form, give people a feeling of beauty, but also facilitate the visual explanation of the characteristics of the stone arch bridge in architecture. For example, "the bridge hole of the stone arch bridge is arc-shaped, like a rainbow." "The bridge is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow."

2. Give examples.

It is to give typical examples to illustrate. For example, in order to illustrate the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges, four typical examples of Traveler's Bridge, Zhaozhou Bridge, Lugou Bridge and Changhong Bridge are cited. Summarize the Traveler's Bridge and Changhong Bridge, which is a longitudinal description, which not only explains the long history of China's stone arch bridge, but also praises the wisdom and wisdom of the ancient working people; It also shows the rapid development of the bridge industry in New China and praises the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.

The article focuses on Zhaozhou Bridge and Lugou Bridge as examples, and specifically illustrates the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges, which are horizontally illustrated, Zhaozhou Bridge is a single-arch stone bridge, and Lugou Bridge is a double-arch stone bridge. The four bridges listed in the article are very representative, some are sketched, some are detailed, and the details are appropriate, and the whole picture of China's stone arch bridges is introduced from two aspects: longitudinal and horizontal. When using examples to illustrate, we must pay attention to the typicality and representativeness of the examples, and we must not use individual facts or accidental phenomena to represent the general and the inevitable.

3. Column numbers.

It's about using accurate numbers. For example, specific numbers are used for the time, length, width, and number of arch rings of the Zhaozhou Bridge. There are approximate numbers, there are exact numbers, and they can receive a good explanation effect, such as showing that the stone arch bridge has a solid structure, and it is used to "be able to span the river for decades, hundreds or even thousands of years".

4. Make comparisons.

It is to illustrate it by comparing it with things of the same kind or related to it. When explaining the solidity of the Lugou Bridge, the article said that "when the Yongding River was flooded, it was very violent, and the embankments on both sides of the river were often washed out in the past, but this bridge never had an accident." This is a comparison of the Lugou Bridge and the embankments on both sides of it.

5. References. Illustrate by quoting famous quotes. There are "general quotations" in the article, such as the various terms used by Chinese poets to compare stone arch bridges at the beginning of the article.

Lying rainbow" and "flying rainbow", etc., such repeated metaphors not only give people relevant knowledge, but also make people feel as if they are in mythology, in the poetry and painting, and deepen people's impression of the beautiful form of the stone arch bridge. There are also "special citations", such as quoting Zhang Jiazhen's praise in the Tang Dynasty, "making peculiar, people don't know why it is", in order to explain the peculiarity of the structure of Zhaozhou Bridge; The quotation of Zhang Ling's praise in the Tang Dynasty "the first moon comes out of the clouds, and the rainbow drinks the stream" is to illustrate the beautiful form of the Zhaozhou Bridge; It also quotes the praise of the Italian Marco Duro, "it is unique in the world" and "together constitute a beautiful spectacle", in order to illustrate the characteristics of the Lugou Bridge.