Can nuclear wastewater be frozen, or evaporated?

It cannot be evaporated.

Water is also radioactive after irradiation, and the radionuclides dissolved in the water are also very small, and after evaporation, they will still mix with water vapor, and distillation and freezing methods cannot remove the radioactivity.

It is possible to look at the handling of the Three Mile Island nuclear accident in the United States that year, the evaporation method was used, but in reality, this method was only used to appease people. At that time, the United States also wanted to use the method of direct discharge, which was discharged directly into the river, and the discharge was relatively small, but it was still unanimously opposed by the outside world.

In the end, the United States** spent a lot of money and used the method of evaporation, and the resulting pollution is still the same. But one is emitted into the atmosphere, and the other into the water. There is currently no feasible method for the radioactive element tritium, and there is no practical solution that does not cause any contamination worldwide.

Radioactive wastewater**, classification and hazards

China's radioactive wastewater is divided into high, medium, low and weak radioactive wastewater according to the level of radioactivity, and the wastewater includes nuclear power plant wastewater, uranium ore and metallurgical wastewater, spent fuel retreatment wastewater and wastewater generated by hospitals, scientific research and other units. The wastewater produced by uranium beneficiation and smelting mainly contains nuclides including U, Ra and trace amounts of PO and 210PB, which is a low-level radioactive wastewater.

The wastewater of nuclear power plants mainly includes the exhaustion water of the main and auxiliary equipment, the discharge water of the reactor, the wastewater of the second circuit, the cleaning waste liquid, the regeneration wastewater of the ion exchange device and the special washing water, etc., which are mainly medium and low radioactive wastewater. Spent fuel retreatment wastewater mainly includes waste water generated by spent fuel reprocessing and radioactive material separation and manufacturing process, and the representative nuclear elements include 137CS, 90SR and uranium, plutonium, transuranic elements, etc., both kinds of wastewater have high radioactive concentrations and great danger.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Radioactive Wastewater Treatment.

Nuclear waste is very hot. When the balls are placed on a more stable ice field, they move downward as the surrounding ice melts, and the melted ice above them solidifies again. There are a number of reasons why this idea was rejected, one of which was that the ice sheets would move, resulting in radioactive material.

Will float in the ocean like an iceberg.

The release of steam produces solid waste.

It needs to be further treated and disposed of, the economic cost is relatively high, and secondary waste will affect the environment.

Principles of Processing1. Reform unreasonable process operations, prevent unnecessary pollution and carry out the best utilization of waste.

2. Separate and collect the generated waste, store and treat them separately, and the treatment method is required to be safe, economical, high purification efficiency and simple and easy to implement.

3. Minimize the volume to save transportation, storage and handling costs.

4. When diluting and discharging into the environment, it should be strictly controlled in accordance with the principle of "reasonable, feasible and as low as possible".

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Nuclear Waste Disposal.

The above content refers to People's Daily Online-Is the processing technology reliable? Relevant experts answer reporters' questions on Japan's Fukushima nuclear wastewater discharge into the sea.

No. Water is also radioactive after irradiation, and the radionuclides dissolved in the water are also very small, and after evaporation, they will still be mixed with water vapor, and distillation and freezing methods cannot remove radioactivity.

Nuclear radiation can not only kill cells, but also have the effect of mutagenesis, which may induce cell cancerization or genetic mutation, resulting in biological malformations. Once the dose exceeds 100 mSv in a short period of time, the human body will be harmed, and if it exceeds 4000 mSv, it will directly lead to death.

Harm. The IAEA expert team's assessment report clearly states that other radionuclides remain in the existing treated tritium-containing wastewater from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. According to TEPCO, the wastewater contains a total of 62 radionuclides.

In August 2018, environmentalists analysed data released by TEPCO and found that the treated nuclear wastewater was much more than tritium residues.

Among them, in 2017, there were 60 times when iodine-129 seriously exceeded the standard, and there was also a problem of strontium-90 seriously exceeding the standard in nuclear wastewater. Canada has detected radioactive elements in salmon off its west coast, according to **. In the waters off Hawaii in the United States, the level of radiation has doubled as before.

All indications are that Japan's Fukushima nuclear contamination may have spread to North America.

The above content refers to People's Daily Online-Japan side should re-examine the issue of nuclear wastewater disposal at the Fukushima nuclear power plant.

Summary. China's approach to nuclear wastewater:

1. If the amount is not large, as long as the emission is controlled, tritium and water can be directly evaporated.

2. Landfill the remaining solid waste, but tritium may pollute the air.

3. Suck out the solid waste first through adsorption, and after sucking it out, the solid waste is still taken to landfill, and then the remaining wastewater is directly discharged into the sea, or stored in a tank for a while.

How to deal with China's nuclear wastewater.

China's methods for dealing with nuclear wastewater: 1. If the amount is not large, as long as the discharge is controlled, tritium and water can be directly evaporated. Hu Yu 2: The remaining solid waste is landfilled, but tritium may pollute the air.

3. Suck out the solid waste first through adsorption, suck it out of the stool for carrying, and then take the solid waste to landfill, and then discharge the remaining wastewater directly into the sea, or store it in a tank for a while.

Let's take a look.

Nuclear wastewater can be treated by evaporation, but the cost is extremely high.

The heavy water in nuclear wastewater is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, and its chemical properties are similar to water, but the biggest difference is that it is radioactive. As a result, the heavy water in the nuclear wastewater will diffuse with the evaporation of water vapor and fall to the surface with the rain and water, causing great harm to humans, animals and plants.

As a result, the cost of treating nuclear wastewater is very high and it can have serious consequences for the environment and human health.

Nuclear wastewater refers to water produced in the organization and use of nuclear energy that contains radioactive substances. At present, the main way to deal with nuclear wastewater is the nuclear wastewater treatment system. Although the nuclear wastewater treatment system can effectively remove most of the radioactive materials, the treated wastewater may still contain very small amounts of radionuclides, which is a common concern.

Further, at present, the most mainstream way to treat nuclear wastewater is to treat wastewater through ion exchange technology and convergence technology. Among them, ion exchange technology refers to the removal of radioactive substances by replacing anions and cations in water, while convergence technology refers to the use of chemical substances to crystallize and precipitate radioactive substances or evaporate crystallization and precipitation, so as to achieve the removal of radioactive materials. Either way, after several rounds of treatment, the amount of radioactive material in the wastewater can be greatly reduced, but it is difficult to completely remove it.

On this basis, when treating a large amount of nuclear wastewater in the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, experts have also considered other methods, such as ionizing radiation, high temperature and high pressure physical treatment, etc., but these methods have different risks and problems, which will lead to different degrees of hand radiation leakage and environmental pollution, so these methods are not commonly used.

In general, the treatment of nuclear wastewater is a very important and arduous task, and the current treatment technology can effectively remove radioactive materials, but it cannot completely eliminate the radiation hazards of wastewater, so it needs to be carefully grasped in practical application. In addition, promoting the use of clean and renewable energy is also one of the important ways to reduce the generation of nuclear wastewater. <>

At present, there are two main methods for the treatment of nuclear contaminated wastewater in China: one is concentration technology and the other is ion exchange technology.

Generally speaking, the concentration technology is to treat the nuclear contaminated wastewater into a small amount of wastewater with high concentration through physical methods, reduce the volume of pollutants, and facilitate subsequent treatment. Specifically, the nuclear wastewater is first treated through surfactants and other substances to form colloids, and then high-concentration nuclear wastewater and low-concentration nuclear wastewater are obtained by membrane separation, evaporation concentration, centrifugal precipitation and other methods. High-concentration nuclear wastewater is then subjected to advanced treatment, while low-concentration nuclear wastewater is further discharged through advanced treatment or harmful pollutants.

Ion exchange technology is to exchange nuclear wastewater through special resin and remove pollutants, and at the same time, it can also **rare earths, radioactive elements and other substances. The core of this technology is an ion exchanger, which removes radioactive materials from nuclear wastewater through functional groups on resins, special plugging points, etc. Then, the nuclear-contaminated wastewater after ion exchange is retreated, and membrane separation, air floatation sedimentation, filtrate and other methods are usually used to remove pollution and heavy metal substances.

In addition, there are other commonly used nuclear wastewater treatment technologies, such as heavy metal dust solidification, acid and alkali neutralization treatment, etc., which aim to ensure that the wastewater treatment level meets domestic and international standards and achieves acceptable emission reduction effects.

In recent news, China has proposed a new method of wastewater treatment to purify wastewater by treating calcium ions. This method seems to be simple and efficient, has certain economic benefits, and can also improve the recovery rate of core gastric isotopes, so as to better use it in the nuclear industry.

In short, the treatment of nuclear contaminated wastewater in China is mainly based on concentration and ion exchange technologies. In the future, China will also seek more efficient treatment methods and improve the overall treatment level through sustainable and energy-saving methods to meet the needs of national and global environmental protection. <>

Dear, hello, I have inquired for you that the methods for treating nuclear wastewater are as follows: 1. If the amount is not large, as long as the discharge is controlled, tritium and water can be directly evaporated. 2. Landfill the remaining solid waste, but tritium may pollute the air.

3. Suck out the solid waste first through adsorption, and after sucking it out, the solid waste is still hail and taken to landfill, and then the remaining wastewater is directly discharged into the sea, or stored in a tank for a while. 4. The purpose of wastewater treatment is to separate the pollutants in the wastewater in a certain way, or decompose them into harmless and stable substances, so that the sewage can be purified. 5. Generally, it is necessary to prevent the infection of poisons and germs, and avoid visible objects with peculiar smell and bad feelings, so as to meet the requirements of different uses.

6. Wastewater treatment is quite complex, and the selection of treatment methods must be considered according to the quality and quantity of wastewater, and the receiving water body or the unbridled use of water. The above information is in Xiaohongshu.