Recently, I found that cloisonne is very popular on the Internet, I want to ask the master what is t

Cloisonné is a famous handicraft in Beijing. Cloisonne is one of China's famous special metal handicrafts, to the Ming Dynasty Jingtai during the production of this technology reached the peak, the production of handicrafts is the most exquisite and famous, so later generations called this kind of metal "cloisonne". As the main birthplace and most important production area of cloisonné craftsmanship in Beijing, the imperial supervisor of the Ming Dynasty and the manufacturing office of the Qing Dynasty both set up Liang buried enamel workshops in Beijing to serve the royal family.

The initial prosperity of Beijing cloisonne craft was in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and to the Ming Dynasty, Beijing's cloisonné craft has become mature. The cloisonné products of the Ming Dynasty, the texture of the copper tire is better, mostly copper, the carcass is slightly thicker, so the shape of the products at this time is mostly antique, and the color glaze used in the main imitation bronze is natural mineral material, and the color is deep and realistic.

Cloisonné closely combines the ductility of copper with the characteristics of glaze, with the solemn and generous shape of oak slag, and some slender, complex and high-end. As the saying goes: look at the shape from a distance and see the flowers closely.

There are also different styles of patterns, and flowers and patterns can be used to express various artistic shapes rigorously and delicately with silk work. The glazing can also be colored according to the requirements of the modeling pattern.

Cloisonné art includes plastic arts, decorative arts, environmental art, and space art, so the appreciation method is different from others. In addition, the metal has the characteristics of resplendent gold, which makes it feel particularly precious.

The production process of cloisonné can be roughly divided into the following steps: one is to make tires, first cut the qualified copper sheet according to the drawing, cut into different fan shapes or circles, and use a hammer to beat into various shapes of copper tire shapes, beautiful shape or not, first determined by the "tire making" process; The second is the cloisonné, which is a soft, flat and thin copper wire with toughness, pinched into various patterns with tweezers according to the pattern design draft, and then dipped in white ritch or paste pasted on the copper tire; The third is welding, the copper wire glued to the copper tire is sprayed with flux into the furnace for barbecue, and the copper wire is welded on the copper surface; The fourth is the point blue, after the carcass of the pinched wire is welded, pickled, flattened, and wired, the glaze of various colors is dotted between the copper wire patterns, and it can be completed after 800 fire, repeated 3 or 4 times; The fifth is to burn blue, and the utensils after the blue are fired in the human furnace, repeated several times, until the glaze solidifies and is flush with the copper wire; The sixth is polishing, polishing with sand and charcoal, etc., so that the surface of the vessel is smooth and flat; The seventh is gold plating, the purpose of gold plating is to avoid rust of the product and increase its luster, making it golden and brilliant. In short, a delicate cloisonné work, first of all, should have a beautiful shape, a beautiful pattern, gorgeous colors, is a set of modeling, decoration, color in one of the special handicrafts.

Cloisonne is China's famous special metal handicrafts of the omen of the code ascending one, to the Ming Dynasty Jingtai during the production of this craft technology reached the peak, the production of the most exquisite and famous, so the descendants called this porcelain cloisonne.

The birthplace of cloisonné

Beijing is the birthplace of cloisonne in China, and it is also the most important production area. Beijing cloisonné is known for its elegant and majestic shape, rich patterns, beautiful and solemn colors, giving people a round and solid, delicate and neat, resplendent and brilliant artistic feeling, so it is a collection of art, craft, carving, inlay, glass smelting, metallurgical old and other professional and technical skills as a whole, with a distinctive national style and profound cultural connotation, is one of the most traditional handicrafts with Beijing characteristics.

Cloisonné is a local traditional skill in Chongwen District, Beijing.

The cloisonné technique is the product of the combination of foreign enamel techniques and local metal enamel techniques. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial superintendent and the manufacturing office both set up enamel workshops in Beijing for the royal service, and the skills went from maturity to glory. In modern times, Beijing cloisonné skills have declined for a time.

Later, the state adopted an active policy of protection and support, and this ancient skill was rapidly restored and developed.

On May 20, 2006, the cloisonne production technique was approved to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. The production process of cloisonné not only uses the traditional techniques of bronze and porcelain, but also absorbs the techniques of traditional painting and carving, which can be called the culmination of traditional Chinese crafts. The handicrafts made have the artistic characteristics of being dignified, rich and elegant.

Historical development of cloisonné

Cloisonné has a long history of development, but due to the lack of existing literature, the lack of early products with reliable dates is the basis for the judgment. So far, the earliest document in China that records metal tire enamel products is only found in the "Gegu Yao" written by Cao Zhao in the 21st year of Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty. The earliest enamel products in China are the products of the late Yuan Dynasty collected by the Palace Museum, such as the three-ring bottle of animal ears, the judgment furnace of the Goulian Ding cover, and the elephant ear furnace of the entwined lotus.

During the Chenghua period, he inherited the legacy, did not change the style, and still worked hard to fire, so the cloisonne utensils were the most common in the two keys of Jingtai and Chenghua. After the Hongzhi, Zhengde, Jiajing Longqing four dynasties, although still fired, but in the quality can not be compared with Jingtai and Chenghua years. In modern times, although the handicrafts of cloisonne are diverse in style and the production methods are very different from before, they still use the customary title of "cloisonne".

Beijing. Cloisonné originated for a long time in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Cloisonné, known as enamel in history and "copper tire cloisonné enamel" in technology, is a famous traditional special handicraft in Beijing.

During the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty (1450 1457), this process has been very mature, especially the blue glaze has a new breakthrough, like a sapphire rich royal blue, noble and gorgeous, known as "cloisonné".

Beijing. Cloisonné originated for a long time in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Cloisonné, known as enamel in history and "copper tire cloisonné enamel" in technology, is a famous traditional special handicraft in Beijing.

In the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty (1450 1457), this process has been very mature, especially the blue glaze has a new breakthrough, like a sapphire as rich royal blue, noble and gorgeous, so it is called "cloisonne".

Cloisonné, also known as "copper tire cloisonné enamel", it is a special handicraft, is made of fine flat copper wire, pinched out a variety of patterns on the copper tire, and then the colorful enamel dots are filled in the pattern, which is made by firing, grinding and gilding. The appearance is crystal moist and bright. Cloisonné is a famous traditional handicraft in Beijing.

Because it was prevalent in the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty, the production skills are relatively mature.

Regarding the origin of cloisonné, there is no unified answer in the archaeological community. One view is that cloisonné was born in the Tang Dynasty; Another theory is that when Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty went west, he was introduced to the Zhonghu Ying Kingdom from West Asia and Arabia, and first accompanied him in Yunnan, and then was loved by the people in the capital before it was introduced to the Central Plains. But there is one thing that is recognized by the academic community:

During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, the advantages of China's cloisonne production technology were achieved, and the stage reached a new peak period, and the word "cloisonne" was born. The glaze color is fat, the silk work is rough, and the decoration is rich.

1. Cloisonné is a famous traditional special handicraft in Beijing.

2. Cloisonné reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty Jingzao quietly answered Tai during the production of technology, and the handicrafts produced were the most exquisite and famous Lu Hui, and the enamel glaze used was mostly blue, so later generations called this kind of metal ware "cloisonne".

3. Jingtai Yunlan is called "copper tire cloisonné enamel", commonly known as "enamel", also known as "inlaid enamel", which is a kind of utensils made of firing in the pattern with soft flat copper wire with soft flat copper wire, and then filling the enamel glaze in the pattern.