What is the school of thought that denies the identity of the world?

On the question of the unity of the world, the view that things in the world have a common essence or a unified origin, that is, the recognition of the unity of the world, is called monism.

Both materialism and idealism recognize the unity of the world, that there is only one origin of the world, and that they are both monistic philosophies, but there is a fundamental opposition to the question of what the world is unified into. Materialist monism holds that the world is unified with matter, and idealistic monism holds that the world is unified with spirit, and they are two fundamentally different worldviews. Materialist monism is also fundamentally opposed to dualism.

Dualism denies the unity of the world, arguing that the world has two parallel and independent primaries: one is material and the other is spiritual. Dualism is an incomplete philosophy that waves between materialism and idealism, and sees spirit as being independent of matter, and therefore inevitably ends up falling towards idealism.

Fallacious, the recognition of the identity of the world cannot be equated with monism at all, nor is it by any means agnosticism, which has recognized the identity of the unknowability of things in themselves. Strictly speaking, any school of thought that denies the identity of the world is fundamentally untenable, because it is inherently contradictory—when a school proposes a theory of universality, it already limits the world within the scope of the explanation of this theory of universality, and if this "theory of universality" itself is "there is no universal theory that can be the identity of the world", can this be explained?

Depending on whether or not the unity of the world is recognized, philosophical schools can be divided into ()aMaterialism and Spiritualism.

b.Monism and the two-hole silver dollar theory.

c.Agnosticism and Laughing Agnosticism.

d.Dialectical thinking and metaphysics.

Correct answer: B

The simplest and most troublesome way to classify philosophical schools is to divide them into idealism and materialism, and the specific differences are found in various school textbooks, mainly in two aspects:

First, the answers to the basic questions of philosophy;

Second, epistemologically.

Generally speaking, materialism believes that the origin of the world is material or material things, for example, ancient philosophers, including ancient Chinese thinkers, always summarized the essence of the world into some specific things, for example, the West once regarded water, fire, earth, wind, light, etc. as the origin of the world, while the most common similar expression in China is gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

In epistemology, the distinction is in the method of knowledge, and in general, metaphysics is easy to achieve the result of idealism, so in a sense, metaphysics is the epistemology of idealism, while the dialectic is the opposite.

For example, as far as the ancient schools of thought in China are concerned, they are mainly divided into three schools: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Among them, Confucianism talks about the principle of the world is the right way and righteousness,—— and some of the ideas and methods borrowed from Taoism; The world that Buddhists talk about is originally empty, while Taoism talks about "Tao".

Agnosticism holds that there is an identity between matter and consciousness, that is, the world can be known by people, and there are only things in the world that have not yet been known, and there are no things that cannot be known. Agnosticism emphasizes the nature of the world as knowable.

All materialists are agnostic. They insist on the primacy of matter and the secondness of consciousness.

The world is material, matter is objectively existing and is not subject to human will, matter is moving, the movement of matter is a regular movement, and the law is objective and universal. Consciousness has subjective initiative, and cognition has infinity and ascent. Man can know the world.

Correct consciousness has an active effect on matter.

Thorough idealists are also agnostic, but they insist on the primacy of consciousness and the secondness of matter.

Radical idealism regards a certain subjective spirit of the individual as the root and basis of the emergence and existence of all things in the world, and everything in the world is derived from these subjective spirits. That is, the world is premised on the existence of man, and man's subjective consciousness creates the world and determines everything. It also reflects the knowability of the world.

For example, "I think, therefore I am", I am in the old world, and everything in the world is known to "me".

So, all materialists and radical idealists are agnostic.

According to the above points, it can be excluded - b, c, dTherefore, the answer should be: a

A: Materialism and spiritualism. b is divided according to whether there is identity between thinking and being.

The simplest and most convenient way to classify philosophical schools is to divide them into imitation idealism.

and materialism, the specific difference is found in various school textbooks, mainly reflected in two aspects:

First, the answers to the basic questions of philosophy;

Second, epistemologically.

Generally speaking, materialism believes that the origin of the world is material or material things, for example, ancient philosophers, including ancient Chinese thinkers, always summarized the essence of the world into some specific things, for example, the West once regarded water, fire, earth, wind, light, etc. as the origin of the world, while the most common similar expression in China is gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

Finish. Epistemologically, the distinction is between epistemic methods and, in general, metaphysics.

It is easy to reach the result of idealism, so in a sense metaphysics is the epistemology of idealistic stupidity, and the dialectic is the opposite.

For example, as far as the ancient schools of thought in China are concerned, they are mainly divided into three schools: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Among them, Confucianism talks about the principle of the world is the right way and righteousness,—— and some of the ideas and methods borrowed from Taoism;

The world that Buddhists talk about is originally empty, while Taoism talks about "Tao".