Where do red blood cells produce ATP?

There are three types of ATP that can produce ATP: mitochondria, cytoplasmic matrix, chloroplast, and only cytoplasmic matrix if it is erythrocytes.

Cytoplasm through anaerobic respiration.

Glucose is anaerobically digested directly in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. The fermentation process is accompanied by the production of a small amount of ATP. This process takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen, and each reaction step is essentially catalyzed by specific enzymes.

Mature red blood cells not only do not have a nucleus, but also have no organelles such as microchondria and nucleoproteosomes, and cannot carry out nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis, aerobic oxidation, and fatty acids. Blood sugar is its only source of energy. Glucose uptake by red blood cells is facilitated by diffusion and is not dependent on insulin.

The red blood cells circulating in the blood consume about 30 g of glucose per day, of which 90-95% are utilized by glycolysis. One molecule of glucose is digested to produce two molecules of ATP. The ATP produced in red blood cells is mainly used to maintain ion pumps (sodium pumps, calcium pumps) on red blood cell membranes to maintain the ion balance of red blood cells; Maintain cell membrane plasticity; Glutathione synthesis and nucleotide salvage synthesis, etc.

In the absence of ATP, the balance of ions inside and outside the red blood cell membrane is imbalanced, and the RNA entry in the red blood cell is more than K and the excretion of CA increases, and the red blood cells swell into a spherical shape or even rupture due to excessive water inhalation. At the same time, due to ATP deficiency, the plasticity of the red blood cell membrane can be reduced, the hardness of the red blood cell can be increased, and it is easy to be destroyed by the spleen, resulting in hemolysis.

NADH H, produced in the anaerobic digestion of red blood cells, is a cofactor for methemoglobin reductase, which catalyzes the reduction of methemoglobin to oxygen-carrying hemoglobin.

Mature red blood cells in the human body do not have mitochondria and can only undergo anaerobic respiration, so the site of ATP production is the cytoplasmic matrix. (2) Figure 1 shows the third stage of aerobic respiration, which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, so the enzymes that catalyze the process are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane of the cell. Substance B means carbon dioxide, substance C means [H], substance D represents O2, and substance E represents alcohol.

3) In Figure 2 Experimental Apparatus B, the purpose of placing the KOH solution is to absorb carbon dioxide. Within 25 and 10min, because the water is placed in device A, carbon dioxide is not absorbed, if the ink droplets do not move, it means that the amount of carbon dioxide produced is exactly equal to the amount of oxygen consumed; If the ink droplets move to the left, it means that the cellular respiration consumes oxygen, and the combination of A and B shows that the seeds only undergo aerobic respiration (if the ink droplets in device A in Figure 1 shift to the right, the amount of carbon dioxide produced is greater than the amount of oxygen consumed, and the ink droplets in device B do not move, indicating that no oxygen is consumed, and the combination of A and B indicates that the cells are undergoing anaerobic respiration (4) The purpose of disinfection of wheat seeds in Figure 2 is sterilization, Prevent gases produced or absorbed by bacterial respiration from affecting the results of the experiment. (5) Environmental factors will also cause the movement of droplets, so in order to correct the error, a control device needs to be set up, that is, the same amount of boiled killed wheat seeds and distilled water should be put into the large test tube and small beaker respectively, and other conditions are the same as the experimental group.

Therefore, the answer is: (1) cytoplasmic matrix (2) [h] alcohol (3) absorption of carbon dioxide 4) sterilization is to prevent the effects of gases produced or absorbed by bacterial respiration (5) boiled killed wheat seeds, distilled water.

Mature red blood cells in the human body are not partial, a mistake; b. Anaerobic respiration is formed by decomposing glucose, and the place is cytosol, B is correct; c. Human mature red blood cells are unconnected, c error; d. Mature red blood cells in the human body undergo anaerobic respiration, d is wrong so choose: b

Analysis: Mature erythrocytes in the human body have no nuclei and organelles, so AT, the erythrocytes of the mature accompaniment of the human body are not partial, and A is wrong; b. Anaerobic respiration is formed by decomposing glucose, and the place is cytosol, B is correct; c. Human mature red blood cells are unconnected, c error; d. Mature red blood cells in the human body undergo anaerobic respiration, d is wrong so choose: b

Analysis: Human mature red blood cells have no nuclei and organelles, so AT, human mature red blood cells are free to the chondria, A is wrong; b. Anaerobic respiration is formed by decomposing glucose, and the place is cytosol, B is correct; c. Human mature red blood cells are unconnected, c error; d. Mature red blood cells in the human body undergo anaerobic respiration, d is wrong so choose: b

Analysis: The mature red blood cells of the human body do not have the nucleus and organelles of the fine reed celery, and the first rot is at.

The physical judgment of ATP is mainly **-thin mask hunger and change the exhalation of the limbs.

Yes, first of all, red blood cells do not have mitochondria, and aerobic respiration (aerobic respiration) is carried out in the second and third stages of ** chondria, so it is said that it cannot be aerobic respiration. So where does its ATP come from, the only result can only be anaerobic respiration (anaerobic respiration). Anaerobic respiration only takes place in the cytosol, so it is eligible, and after anaerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into lactate and energy, which is ATP.

So mature red blood cells can synthesize ATP, but in small amounts.

Note: In fact, photosynthesis can also synthesize ATP, and in its photoreaction stage, the light energy is converted into the active chemical energy in Nadph and ATP, thus providing raw materials for carbon reactions or dark reactions. But red blood cells are not mesophyll cells of plants, so this case is not considered.

Answer B: The mature red blood cells of the human body have no nucleus and no partichondria, and only use the virtual state energy difference source to carry out anaerobic respiration and produce ATP supply type, which is used to carry out various life activities; The site of anaerobic respiration is the cytoplasmic matrix.

Answer] B Answer Analysis] Test Question Analysis:

The main energy of the human body is glucose, and the uptake of glucose by red blood cells belongs to easy diffusion, without mitochondria, and the potato segment is inhaled to produce lactic acid without anaerobic exhalation, releasing a small amount of energy, and the place is the cytoplasmic matrix; The answer is B.

Test site: The main energy substances of the human body and anaerobic respiration.

Comments: This question is relatively simple and is intended to test students' ability to remember and understand. Iwate Tour.

Maintain a stable concentration of ions in red blood cells.

Enzyme (English: enzyme, derived from Greek: in ferment"), refers to a polymer substance with biocatalytic function, in the catalytic reaction system of enzymes, the reactant molecule is called a substrate, and the substrate is converted into another molecule by the catalysis of the enzyme.

Almost all cellular processes require the involvement of enzymes to increase efficiency. Similar to other abiotic catalysts, enzyme friends speed up the reaction rate by reducing the activation energy of the chemical reaction (expressed as EA or δg), and most enzymes can increase the rate of the reaction catalyzed by millions of times; In fact, enzymes provide another model-like pathway with a lower activation energy requirement, so that more reactive particles can have kinetic energy not less than the activation energy, thereby speeding up the reaction rate. The enzyme, as a catalyst, is not consumed during the reaction and does not affect the chemical balance of the reaction.

Enzymes have both positive and negative catalytic effects, not only speeding up the reaction rate, but also reducing the reaction rate. Unlike other abiotic catalysts, enzymes are highly specific and only catalyze specific reactions or produce specific configurations.

A. Enzymes are a class of organic matter synthesized by living cells, and mature red blood cells in the human body have no nucleus and no organelles, so they can no longer continue to produce enzymes, but they can produce ATP by anaerobic respiration, and a is wrong;

B. The chemical essence of the enzyme is protein or RNA, if the RNA enzyme has ribose, A refers to adenosine in the structure of ATP, and it has ribose, and B is wrong;

C. Enzymes have high efficiency and specificity, but ATP can play a role in a variety of life activities, and the mutual conversion of ATP and ADP is rapid, but not specific, C is wrong;

D. The chemical nature of enzymes is protein or RNA, which is formed by the polymerization of monomers, and ATP hydrolysis is required in the process of polymerization of monomers into macromolecules, and ATP synthase is required to participate in the formation of ATP

Therefore, d