Why is there a discrepancy between the Qin theory quoted in the historical records and the middle sc

That's how it goes. Jia Yi is actually not quoting, but using, that is, the meaning and sentence structure are roughly the same, but the sentence structure is modified according to his own needs. This kind of use is quite common in ancient poetry and ancient poetry, and people today often use ancient poetry sentences.

The meaning of these two sentences in the original text of the historical records indicates that Chen Sheng was from a humble background. And Jia Yi's first sentence also wants to say that he has a low background, and the second sentence wants to say that he, as a small person, still rose and promoted the process of exterminating Qin. The meaning is slightly different from the original historical record, you can experience it carefully.

In addition, Jia Yi, as a generation of Confucianism, will never plagiarize other people's sentences, which is too embarrassing. If you want to use the sentence of the predecessor, you must either use it (that is, change it), or add a "xx said" and "xx cloud", so he deliberately did not copy the original text.

Agree with Andy Brandon. I invalidate the above.

Correct the mistake of "cherish the memory of the fate - assistant level 2": The author of "The Treatise on the Passage of Qin" is indeed Jia Yi, not Jia Yi copied Sima Qian. Sima Qian only quoted it in the "Historical Records", evidence:

Jia Yi's era was before Sima Qian, and there is also "Jia Shenglie's Biography" in the "Historical Records" to prove this.

Here's what I have:

It may be that these discrepancies are caused by misremembering during the copying, which is often seen in the circulation of some ancient texts. In addition, the full text of the "Treatise on the Qin Dynasty" is quoted in the "Records of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty", but the order reversal error is serious (the order of the upper, middle and lower parts is reversed), which may also be caused by errors in transcription. (Of course, this is not to say that Sima Qian's scholarship is not rigorous, but it is that even people like Sima Qian will inevitably make such mistakes, after all, it is not easy to revise history.)

Therefore, the "Treatise on the Passage of Qin" in the Chinese textbook should be a relatively standard version.

Historical records should prevail, because the time when the historical records were written is closer to that of the Qin Dynasty, and the records are more authentic.

It is not excluded that Sima's predecessors made mistakes, because the intensity of the work of handwriting historical records is very large.

The main purpose of Jia Yi's three treatises on the passage of Qin is to analyze the "faults of Qin", which are divided into three articles, in fact, they are originally one, and the most widely circulated "Treatise on the Passage of Qin" is the first third of the article, which through the review of the history of the prosperity of the Qin State, pointed out that the Qin State changed the law to become strong and won the world, and "benevolence and righteousness are not applied" and cannot defend the world. In the middle and second parts, the author discusses in detail the various mistakes after the unification of Qin. The middle part points out that Qin unified the world, ended years of war, and was originally in a very good situation, but Qin Shi Huang did not formulate the correct policy, but instead burned books and pit Confucianism, and ruled the world with tyranny; By the time of the second generation, he could not correct his original mistakes, and the country was overthrown.

In the latter part of the second part of the "Treatise on the Qin", the author continued the previous article, pointing out that when "the princes rose together, and the heroes stood together", if Ziying could change the original wrong policy, "close the door to the doom", "hold it with a halberd", it was possible to hold the land of the Three Qins, and in the future, "settle the land and rest the people", Xu Tu developed, and even restored the unity of the country, but unfortunately, the consistent policy of the Qin Dynasty led to the "Yong Closure" up and down, and the child was isolated and unaccompanied, and finally inevitably perished.

Taishi Gong said: I have a relationship with you

Sima Qian used the style of a chronicle, and everyone who wrote would give an evaluation, and he agreed with Jia Yi's comments on Qin Shi Huang, so he quoted it.

Because Sima Qian was accustomed to talking about his opinion of a person after the original era, "The Treatise on the Passage of Qin" is a famous treatise by Jia Yi, who was also a great writer. I believe that Sima Qian agreed with Jia Yi's opinion, so he added it.

Hey, I just know a rough idea, hehe.

It is attached at the end of the "Records of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty".

There are three articles in the Treatise on the Passage of Qin. The best written and most influential of these is this first one. It was first appended at the end of the "Records of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty" and listed as the second article; Later, Chu Shaosun supplemented the "Historical Records" and attached it separately to the end of "Chen Shijia".

The Book of Han and the Anthology of Literature also selected this one. The monograph "New Book" written by Jia Yi should be collected by later generations, and this article is clearly marked as the "first part" of the three. In the four books of "History", "Han", "New Book" and "Selected Writings", there are quite discrepancies in the words of the article.

From the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present day, almost all anthologies of ancient texts have selected this "Treatise on the Passage of the Qin Dynasty" (I), so there are many comments on it by predecessors. For example, Yao Nai, a Qing dynasty scholar, commented on it as "majestic and magnificent" in the "Compilation of Ancient Literary Dictionaries", and Wu Minsheng, a close friend, commented on it as "a book with a lot of attention, like a book, open and closed" in the sandwich criticism of "Ancient Texts". Summarizing the opinions of most commentators, it is mainly said that this article is full of momentum and completed in one go, and it is the first "vigorous" article in ancient and modern times.

Therefore, Wu Min's opinion is quite representative. In this article, I would like to start with the point of being full of momentum.

From the perspective of language, the so-called vigorous articles mostly use comparative sentences or dual sentences, and this article is no exception (for example, in the second paragraph, from the following "so the people of the six countries", the word "have" is used to lead the way, and throughout the following three sentences, a large number of names are listed, which is the sentence structure; For example, the following four sentences of "Meng's old karma", every two sentences have a pair, which is a dual sentence. There are also sentences that are both comparative and dual, such as the beginning of Qin Xiaogong "has the meaning of sweeping the world, encompassing the universe, encompassing the four seas, and annexing the heart of the eight wildernesses". But that's just scratching the surface.

In classical prose, there are not many articles that use analogy or dual sentences, but they are not necessarily vigorous. For example, Kong Zhigui's "Beishan Shifting Text", sentences are arranged or even, and they abound, but they don't feel very angry when they read it. It can be seen that the use of analogical sentences and dual sentences is only one of the factors that make the article vigorous, and it is an external artistic skill, not the main factor.

Jia Yi was born and died between 200 and 168 BC, while Sima Qian lived around 145 -?.BCIn this way, it seems that Sima Qian is suspected of plagiarism.

It was Sima Qian who quoted Jia Yi's article.

Now when it comes to plagiarism, is there a suspicion of hype.

Hehe. Sima Qian quoted Jia Yi's article.

It should be that Sima Qian thinks Jia Yi writes well, so he took it and quoted it.

1. Sima Qian.

While Sima Qian spoke highly of Chen She, he did not hide his mistakes. Sima Qian's special book on Chen She's place in the family of "Historical Records" shows that he has a very high opinion of Chen She. Sima Qian wrote at the end of this biography:

Although Chen Shi is dead, the prince he sent will die in Qin, and he will be the first to do so. What is particularly significant is that he quoted Jia Yi's "On the Passage of Qin (I)" in full after the biography to replace his own praise (note: Chu Shaosun recounted the "Historical Records", and added a paragraph before Jia Wen, so the later version is mostly "Mr. Chu said", in fact, the quote is still Sima Qian), and spoke highly of Chen She's role in the anti-Qin struggle.

This unusual practice is more than enough to show that Sima Qian values merit rather than judging heroes by success or failure.

2, Jia Yi. Jia Yi wrote a historical treatise, praising Chen She's achievements while also revealing his contempt for him.

Sima Qian praised him and said that he was justified in rebellion. Jia Yi scolded him for being a thief.

Selected B Su Xun's Theory of the Six Kingdoms.

Du Mu was a native of the Tang Dynasty, and his "A Fang Gong Fu" was written about the Qin Dynasty.

Later generations refer to the Qin Dynasty - the people of the Tang Dynasty.

Su Xun was a person from the Song Dynasty and was not included in it.

"Historical Records".

"Historical Records" is a historical book written by Sima Qian, a famous historian of the Western Han Dynasty, which is the first general history of Chinese history, and is listed as the first of the "24 History", recording the history of more than 3,000 years from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to the first four years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Together with the later "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han", and "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", it is called the "First Four History". There is "Taishi Gong said".

Guwen Guan Zhi is a collection of Chinese prose in the past dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Chucai and Wu Tiaohou were compiled and selected, and Wu Xingzuo was approved.

The ancient texts selected for the book are mainly prose, with both rhyme and prose. The pre-Qin Dynasty selected the most "Zuo Chuan", the Han Dynasty selected the most "Historical Records", and the Tang and Song dynasties selected the most articles by Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi. According to the stylistic point of view, the book selects thirteen rhymes, such as "Chu Ci Buju", Tao Yuanming's "Return to Xi Ci", Du Mu's "A Fang Gong Fu", etc., these works are "extremely sound and poor text", working on depiction, although the depiction uses rhyme, but it is different from poetry, often combined with rhyme and dispersion, to strengthen the beauty of sound and emotion.

Prose is a record of people or events, arguments and allegories, and so on. The book is rich and colorful, short in length, concise in language, and easy to read, many of which are famous passages that have been recited through the ages.