What basic equipment is needed to set up a laboratory for soil formula fertilization

1. Manual soil sampler: It can collect samples of different textures of soil.

2. Power (gasoline) Soil sampler (1 meter) (rotary type): 50cc power, gasoline power.

3. Soil organic matter sampler: soil organic matter sampling.

4. Soil heavy metal sampler: soil heavy metal sampling.

5. Soil nutrient detector: soil nutrients: ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, total nitrogen, pH value, water, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, etc.; Medium and trace elements: calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, chlorine, silicon, etc.

Fertilizer nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in elemental fertilizers; ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and biuret in compound (mixed) Hefei and urea; Available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, various humic acids, trace elements (calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, chlorine, silicon) in organic fertilizers, etc.

Plant nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in plants; nitrate, nitrite; Calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, chlorine, silicon, etc.

Tobacco nutrients: total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, reducing sugar, water-soluble total sugar, boron, manganese, iron, copper, calcium, magnesium and other 20 items.

6. High intelligent soil testing formula fertilizer applicator: it can detect the soil of the project: moisture, pH, salt content, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter.

Extensible detection: Soil: alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available calcium, available magnesium, available sulfur, available iron, available manganese, available boron, available zinc, available copper, available chlorine, available silicon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium.

7. 1/10,000 electronic balance: sample weighing, 200g

8. One-thousandth electronic precision balance: sample weighing, 500g

9. 1/100,000 balance: sample weighing, 50g

10. Incubator Drying Oven: special equipment for the cultivation, preservation, plant cultivation and breeding test of bacteria, molds and microorganisms.

11. Constant temperature water bath: sample heating.

12. Stainless steel electric hot plate: sample heating.

13. Laboratory special water purifier: sample pretreatment.

14. Ultrasonic cleaner: sample preparation, 30L, adjustable power.

15. Visible spectrophotometer: an instrument for quantitative analysis.

16. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer: an instrument for quantitative analysis.

17: Ion chromatograph: detect anions and cations.

Based on many years of experience in the construction of laboratories, we have come from the following experience: laboratory benches and experimental wires, soil nutrient rapid measurement equipment, plant nutrient analysis and determination, installation of specimen racks (alloy + plexiglass), medium and trace element testers, fertilizer rapid testers, soil testing formula synthesizers.

1. The main nutrients of the soil are available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can be detected by the rapid measuring instrument on the market, with an investment of no more than 10,000 yuan, easy to learn, and an accuracy of 3%;

2. In addition to fast-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, there are also total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium, which need to be detected if you are doing scientific research; Respectively, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, flame photometry detection, investment of 50,000 yuan, need to understand the laboratory to do;

3. You also need to test the fertilizer, and the equipment in 2 can be used, no need to invest again, and buy some reagents and appliances.

However, the fertilizer is managed by the Technical Supervision Bureau, and if you measure it accurately or not, the consequences will be very troublesome! Not to compare with soil measurement, you have to think clearly;

Instruments needed to measure soil: 1 in 10,000.

1. One hundredth of an electronic balance, nitrogen meter, spectrophotometer, flame photometer, conductivity meter, pH meter, so that the conventional items of the soil such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, salt, etc. can be measured. As for the instruments used in the determination of fertilizers, these are also the key, the key is the difference in reagents, and there are many reference books in this regard. If it is an individual who sets up such a testing laboratory, the investment is relatively large, and the laboratory must be measured and certified after it is completed, and it will be recognized by the society, and it should be carefully considered.

Determination of organic matter: basically potassium dichromate oxidation method. Organic fertilizer: water bath method (water bath); Soil: oil bath method (paraffin oil, oil bath pan, wire cage, electric furnace, etc.); Compound fertilizer (same as organic).

All-n determination, etc.: Kjeldahl nitrogen determination instrument or traditional distillation device, the condition is almost self-cooking, and the better instrument is automatic.

Soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen: diffusion dishes, hair slides; Or use a box with inner and outer slots, etc.

Total phosphorus, available phosphorus: ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

Total potassium, available potassium: Flame photometer of potassium.

Several methods, generally configured in the laboratory, are quite simple, and they can be used for soil (plants, fertilizers).

I don't know much about the soil nutrient velocity tester, so I can only compare the different measurements of the same material. Generally, a sample can be measured in two or three days. Just plan it right.

Demonstration experiments were carried out on the determined reasonable amount of fertilizer (or fertilization principle) of fruit trees and the prepared compound fertilizer, and the effect of soil testing and formula fertilization was evaluated on the basis of comparison with customary fertilization, so as to promote the application of research results in a wider range and improve the conversion rate and economic benefits of scientific research results.

Procedures for demonstration trials.

On the basis of studying and determining the principle of soil testing and formula fertilization, a number of orchards with high, medium and low fertility were selected to test the main nutrients of the soil.

According to Table 6-9, the recommended amount of phosphate fertilizer for major fruit trees under different soil fertility levels and yield levels.

and Table 6-10 Recommended amounts of potassium fertilizer for major fruit trees at different soil fertility levels and yield levels.

The design principles of phosphorus and potassium dosage listed in the section, combined with the soil test results, designed the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer dosage to determine the nitrogen fertilizer application rate under the target yield according to the relationship between the yield and nitrogen ** level on the soil of different fertility (high, medium and low) fertility (the results of the section "Principles for determining the nitrogen fertilizer application rate corresponding to the soil test value of different orchards").

According to Table 6-14 The distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the soil testing formula test of fruit trees (fruiting period).

The fertilization period and fertilizer distribution ratio of fruit trees were selected as a demonstration test, and the non-fertilization treatment and the customary fertilization treatment were used as the control.

According to Table 6-17 Fruit tree soil testing and formula fertilization test.

The demonstration test of the treatment arrangement listed in the list can be repeated without repeating, and the size of the treatment area is suitable for the fruit trees that can be observed at the same time. Arrangement of demonstration trials, such as:

Figure 6-7 Schematic diagram of the field arrangement of fruit tree soil testing and formula fertilization technology demonstration test.