What are the derivatives of oil?

Petroleum resin** is a petroleum derivative.

Petroleum derivatives can be divided into six categories: petroleum fuels, petroleum solvents and chemical raw materials, lubricants, paraffin, petroleum asphalt, petroleum coke, etc.

Among them, the production of various fuels is the largest, accounting for about 90% of the total output; The variety of various lubricants is the largest, and the output accounts for about 5%. Product standards have been developed in various countries to meet the needs of production and use.

Gasoline: is the most consumed variety. Gasoline has a boiling point range (also known as distillation range) of 30 205 °C and a density of gram cm3, and commercial gasoline is marked as octane number or higher according to the anti-knock combustion performance of the oil when burned in the cylinder.

Gasoline is mainly used as fuel for automobiles, motorcycles, speedboats, helicopters, and agricultural and forestry aircraft. Additives (e.g., the antiknock agent tetraethyl lead) are added to commercial gasoline to improve use and storage performance. Due to environmental requirements, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons and lead will be limited in the future.

Jet fuel: Mainly used by jet aircraft. The boiling point range is 60 280 or 150 315 (commonly known as aviation gasoline). In order to meet the needs of high-altitude, low-temperature and high-speed flight, this type of oil requires high calorific value and no solid crystallization at -50C.

Kerosene: boiling point range of 180 310 Mainly used for lighting, life cooking. The flame is required to be stable and bright without black smoke. At present, the production is not large.

Diesel: There are two types of boiling points: 180 370 and 350 410. For petroleum and its processed products, it is customary to call the boiling point or boiling point range low light, and on the contrary, it becomes heavy.

Therefore, the former is called light diesel oil, and the latter is called heavy diesel oil. Commercial diesel is graded according to the freezing point, such as 10, -20, etc., indicating low service temperature, and diesel is widely used in large vehicles and ships. Because high-speed diesel engines (for automobiles) are more fuel-efficient than gasoline chain cover engines, the demand for diesel is growing faster than gasoline, and some small cars also switch to diesel.

The quality requirements for diesel fuel are good combustion performance and fluidity. The combustion performance is expressed by the cetane number, the higher the better, and the cetane number of diesel made of Daqing ** can reach 68. The cetane number of light diesel oil used in high-speed diesel engine is 42 55, and the low-speed one is below 35.

Fuel oil: used as fuel for boilers, ships and industrial furnaces. Commercial fuel oil is distinguished by the size of the viscosity of different grades.

Petroleum solvents: used as solvents in flavors, greases, reagents, rubber processing, coating industries, or for cleaning instruments, meters, and mechanical parts.

Paraffin oil: including paraffin wax (accounting for 10% of total consumption), ozokerite, stone grease, etc. Paraffin wax is mainly used as packaging materials, cosmetic raw materials and wax products, and can also be used as chemical raw materials to produce fatty acids (soap raw materials).

1.Fuel 2Plastic 3Bitumen.

4.Clothes. The fabrics such as polyester, acrylic, and nylon that we see from clothing labels are all synthetic fibers produced from petroleum. Among the fibers used in textiles, the proportion of chemical fibers is close to 3 4, and the proportion of natural fibers is only 1 4, and more than 90% of chemical fiber products rely on oil, so think about it, how much oil do you have to "wear" out of your life?

5.Synthetic rubber.

Synthetic rubber has high elasticity, high temperature resistance, low temperature and other properties, widely used in industry and agriculture, national defense, transportation and daily life, we can see shoes everywhere in our lives, sports equipment, tires, wires and cables and other items can find synthetic rubber, and petroleum is the main raw material for making synthetic rubber.

6.Pharmaceutical. Pharmaceuticals are indeed inseparable from oil. Not to mention indirect consumables, such as plastics used in packaging, and even medicines themselves rely on oil. For example, benzene, many drugs are derived from benzene, and benzene is produced from petroleum, and the progress of modern medicine is also inextricably linked to petrochemical technology.

In addition, petroleum products are used in prostheses, artificial organs, medical X-rays and their treatment solutions.

7.Cosmetics.

Petroleum is also a raw material for making cosmetics, and the content can reach up to 80% at a higher level! Oils, paraffin, flavors, dyes, etc., which are refined from petroleum, are used to make cosmetics. Bottles and cans of beautifully packaged cosmetics turned out to be black oil before they were transformed, if you are interested, you can pay attention to the ingredient list of the cosmetics you use to see what is inside.

8.Foodstuff. Does oil have anything to do with it?

It's true! How did oil get to the table? Petroleum is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pesticides; Petroleum products are involved in the preservation, dyeing, and seasoning of many foods, as well as the chewing gum we chew ......How's that, it tastes good, right?

If you count the oil that is indirectly consumed in food production, then people need it for a lifetime"Eat"Drop 551 kg of oil. A 500 ml bottle of purified water needs to consume a total of 167 ml of oil after discovering the water source, extracting, purifying, bottling, transporting and other links, and finally putting it in front of you.

9.Lubricating oil, grease.

Lubricating oil and grease are widely used in the lubrication of various machines, and almost all machinery cannot operate normally without lubrication. Most of the ingredients in lubricating oil and grease (butter) are petroleum refining base oils, and 90% of many lubricating oils are petroleum. The most common lubricating oil in life is the engine lubricant used in automobile engines, commonly known as engine oil.

10.Cleaning supplies.

Without oil, our lives would be dirty. Many of the cleaning products we use are petroleum products, such as detergents, shampoos, shower gels, soaps, etc., which contain petroleum derivatives.

Petroleum derivatives can be divided into:

There are 6 categories, including petroleum fuels, petroleum solvents and chemical raw materials, lubricants, paraffin, petroleum asphalt, and petroleum coke.

Among them, the production of various fuels is the largest, accounting for about 90% of the total output; The variety of various lubricants is the largest, and the output accounts for about 5%. Product standards have been developed in various countries to meet the needs of production and use.