What kind of official is a member of the staff, and what does outside the staff mean in ancient ti

Outside the staff, also known as the outside of the staff, in ancient times, referred to the Lang official outside the positive amount, which is what is called "outside the establishment" today.

In ancient China, there were also main positions and deputy positions. Regular positions generally have their own names, such as: Sikong, Shangshu, etc.

The deputy positions can be collectively referred to as Lang Guan. Lang officials are divided into two kinds, one is the outsider Lang and the other is Lang Zhong. Outside the staff, also called the outside of the staff, at first it was an official position, and then gradually lost real power, derived from other meanings.

In all dynasties, the officials (that is, the money to buy officials), except for those who are very mediocre, such as Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, even the three dukes dare to mark the price clearly. Generally, the emperor sells official positions such as outsiders. The real power is not big, the emperor earns money, and the official buyer earns face.

It takes money to buy officials, so the people who become outsiders have some assets, and most of them are landlords and gentry, big businessmen and wealthy households.

Therefore, the outside has become a synonym for these people.

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Member of the Chinese People's Political

The meaning of outside the staff originally refers to the ** outside the member, and the landlord and gentry refer to later. Originally, it was the ** outside the regular member, and later generations could donate and buy it for this kind of official position, so the rich were all called outsiders. After the Ming Dynasty, Yuanwailang became an idle job, no longer related to the imperial examination, but gradually associated with wealth.

Outside, pinyin is yuán wài, which originally referred to ** outside the member, and later referred to the landlord gentry.

Originally, it was the ** outside the regular member, and later generations could donate and buy it because of this kind of official position, so the rich people accompanied him and called him an outsider. After the Ming Dynasty, the foreign official became a kind of idle position, no longer related to the imperial examination, but gradually associated with wealth, as long as they were willing to spend silver, landlords and businessmen could donate a foreign official position to do. Manuscript only.

1. Basic explanation

1. [Ministry Councillor]: Ancient refers to the outside of the regular member** (the full name is "Outside the Member").

2. [landlord]: refers to the landlord gentry (mostly seen in the early vernacular).

Befriended a wealthy man here, Zhao Yuanwai, and raised it as a foreign house. - Water Margin

After a while, Guo Zhang brought it, and when he was with him, he pointed to Bai Yutang and said, "This is the five members of my family." —Three Heroes and Five Righteousness

2. Detailed explanation

Jingben Popular ** Zhicheng Zhang Supervisor": "Zhang Shilian, a staff member of a line shop, is over sixty years old, and after his mother died, he was alone and had no children. ”

Yuan Li Xingdao's "Gray Appendix" refers to the second finger of filial piety: "It's not an outsider, we have a few people here, and they all call him an outsider, and he is a rich man and has no character." ”

Qing "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" Chapter 54: Bai Yutang smiled and said: "Don't be afraid.

I'm not a thief, I'm not a big village owner. The companion said, "You call the outside."

Guo Lao said: "On the outside, listen to the old man's complaints." He led his daughter to Guazhou to join his family, but was intercepted by Hu Lie in order to propose marriage to the staff, and because he was not allowed, he imprisoned the little old man in the cave and said it in detail.

Guo Moruo's "Hongbo Song" Chapter 14 5: "He has a bit of an extraneous demeanor, and he is very free and easy when he entertains friends." See " Wai Lang ".

The term "outsider" originated in the Tang Dynasty and meant "a higher rank in the official position, equivalent to today's deputy position".

Over the years, the term evolved into a social status symbol.

In ancient times, only people who were in the officialdom or had great wealth could be called "outsiders".

This title is usually used as an honorific title, such as "the staff of a certain county", "the staff of a certain prefecture", and so on.

At the same time, the status of "outsiders" also carries a certain degree of honor and dignity, and is often regarded as a representative of the social elite.

However, it should be noted that the meaning and status of "outside the staff" will be different in different historical periods and regions.

In ancient times, "outside the staff" referred to a title in an official position, mainly used to address low-level **. The word derives from the rank of position in the ancient bureaucratic system, which belonged to the lower rank in the county or local **.

In the ancient official system, the positions of ** were divided according to the rank, and the senior ** had titles such as princes and doctors, while the low-level ** had titles such as outside the staff and from the nine grades. Outside the staff generally refers to the petty officials at the county level or at the local level, whose status and authority are relatively low. They are responsible for local administration, livelihood management, or some other specific duties.

Therefore, the word "outside" was often used to refer to low-level ** in ancient Huilian Li, and sometimes it was also used to refer to ** with lower status and less authority. Nowadays, the word is no longer used in modern Chinese, and the title and hierarchy of ** have changed.

In ancient times, all the departments of Qingchong had a certain "establishment", that is, "quota", and the ** outside the establishment was called "Wai Lang".

The level is equivalent to that of the Division --- Division.

In Dream of Red Mansions, Jia Zheng is a member of the Ministry of Rites.

People call some rich people "outsiders", and they know that their grandchildren are stammering and wearing high hats.

Just like calling the scholar "Xianggong", complimenting him on "worshipping the Prime Minister and sealing the Gong" in the future.

Ancient"Outside the staff"What kind of official is it equivalent to now?

Hello, happy with your question. In ancient times, the members were equivalent to alternate members, but in fact they had no real power. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Yuanwailang was a relatively noble close officer, and during the Sui Dynasty, Yuanwailang was set up under the Liubu Langzhong as an assistant to Langzhong.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, outside the staff became an official position that could be bought with money. Hope it helps you <>

Outside the staff were the emperor's attendants.

In the Cao Wei period of the Three Kingdoms, there was the earliest appearance of a grandson who was a member of the "Outside Scattered Riding Chang Qi Guessing Servant", and in the Jin Dynasty, there was a "Outside Rider Waiter", all of whom were the emperor's attendants. In ancient times, the official positions of the imperial court were divided into principal and deputy, and the non-staff actually belonged to the deputy position.

Although these official positions with "outside the staff" do not actually have much real power, because they are close to the emperor and have many opportunities, people who are looking for jobs are still eager to find them.

And those who can hold this position also need a certain background, either a child of a clan, or a descendant of a big family. Subsequently, the number of official positions with the title of "non-staff" gradually increased. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were positions such as the general of the palace and the general of the Gao Kai type of Sima Governor.

The difference between "outsider" and "outsider".

"Wai Lang" is the official ** of the imperial court and belongs to the establishment. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, each of the six departments had the official position of "Wai Lang", which was the adjutant of each department, and the Qing Dynasty's Wai Lang was still from the five grades.

And "outside the staff" is not an official position of the imperial court, it is outside the establishment of the imperial court, has no political function, it is more like a "foreign official". Because, later, more and more people bought officials, and the people became more and more common, so in the later Peking Opera and **, "outside the staff" refers to the rich.

Personally, no. "Wai Lang" Hunger Bi is the official ** of the imperial court and belongs to the establishment. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, each of the six departments had the official position of "Wai Lang", which was the adjutant of each department, and the Qing Dynasty's Wai Lang was still from the five products.

And "outside the staff", and the number of pretending is not an official position of the imperial court, it is outside the establishment of the imperial court, there is no political function, it is more like a "foreign official". Because, later, the more and more people who bought officials, the more and more people did it, and the people became more and more common, so in the later Peking Opera and **, "outside the staff" refers to the rich. I hope mine is helpful to you, dear, and I wish you a happy life!

"Outside the staff" is a kind of official position, and we can see from the literal meaning that it means "outside the positive amount", which originated in the late Wei period of the Three Kingdoms period.

The earliest official position was called the staff outside the cavalry, and in the early years of the Jin Dynasty, the staff outside the cavalry was set up. The Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty established new official positions, and the status of the non-staff was further enhanced; Tang, Song, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing all followed the Sui system, with Lang Zhong and Yuan Wai Lang as the chief and deputy chief officials of the six departments.

By the time of the Ming Dynasty, although in a prominent position, in fact, it has slowly become an idle position without real power, and gradually lost its former glory, plus some landlords and businessmen at that time can usually obtain a position outside the staff by donating silver taels, therefore, "outside the staff" has gradually lost its original meaning, and has become a word specifically referring to the rich.