What is Cai Yuanpei s school strategy and the evaluation of Cai Yuanpei s educational thoughts

Freedom of thought and inclusiveness.

Doctrine is the foundation of Cai Yuanpei's educational thought, and the pursuit of freedom runs through his educational thought and practice. He believed that the purpose of education was to enable the educated to develop a complete personality and become a free person; And this kind of education itself must also be free, so he advocated academic freedom and fought for educational independence, with the aim of fighting for freedom in education.

Cai Yuanpei formulated the school-running policy of "freedom of thought and inclusiveness". In his reply to Lin Qinnan, Cai Yuanpei clarified his two major propositions. First of all, as for the doctrine, it follows the general practice of universities around the world, "following the principle of 'freedom of thought' and adopting the ...... of inclusiveness."Regardless of the school of thought, those who do not reach the fate of natural elimination, although they are contrary to each other, listen to their free development.

Secondly, "for teachers, they should focus on academic attainment, and they should give lectures in schools, and they should not deviate from the first proposition as the limit." Cai Yuanpei's ideal university should be an institution that "encompasses the great canons and encompasses all families", as the "Mean" says, "all things are nurtured and not harmed, and the Tao is parallel but not contradictory." It can be seen from this that Cai Yuanpei's idea of "freedom" also contains the spirit of tolerance, which is not to reconcile and compromise, but to allow different academic views to have the right to speak, and to decide their respective fate and values in debate and contention.

He believed that education was divided into two parts: subordinate to politics and transcendent to politics," he said

Cai Yuanpei believes that in order for education to be independent, it must first be independent of political parties and churches. This is because political parties and churches exist as external authorities relative to education, and they regulate and restrict education from their own interests. In this case, education is not free.

The purpose of education is to create people who develop in harmony with their individuality, and the grouping here refers to the group's nature based on the development of individuality. Political parties, on the other hand, want to create a "special" group character and erase individuality. Cai Yuanpei pointed out that political parties "encourage the people to be friendly to a certain country and hate a certain country; or use the culture of nation A to assimilate nation B", "if such a policy is involved in education, it will be a great harm", and "education is to seek long-term results; If the right to education is also handed over to the political party, when the two parties change, the educational policy will also be changed, and education will not be effective

The substitution of value-neutral aesthetic education for a single-minded religion also reflects Cai Yuanpei's educational ideal of pursuing freedom.

It can be said that Cai Yuanpei's educational career is a process of unremitting struggle for free education and freedom of education. He believed that the purpose of education was to enable the educated to develop a free personality and become a free person; And this kind of education itself must also be free, so Cai Yuanpei's ideas and practices such as advocating academic freedom and striving for educational independence are to fight for freedom in education. All these have become valuable resources for future generations to learn and learn from.

Mr. Cai Yuanpei's educational philosophy is as follows:

Cai Yuanpei was the first educational thinker to put forward that "military and national education, utilitarian education, civic moral education, world view education, and aesthetic education should not be neglected in recent education", and advocated the simultaneous development of five educations, which is a significant feature of Cai Yuanpei's educational thought.

1. Advocate military and national education as an urgent task;

On the one hand, due to the international and domestic situation that China was facing at that time, it was necessary for the whole country to be armed; On the other hand, it is also necessary for the development of a sound personality, and physical education is the basis for the implementation of the other four educations.

2. Take utilitarian education as an urgent priority;

Utilitarian education (intellectual education), that is, "taking people's livelihood as the backbone of general education", includes the study of various general cultural and scientific knowledge, such as history, geography, arithmetic, chemistry, handicrafts, naturalism, etc.; It is also necessary to strengthen the training of vocational skills and to strengthen the relationship between education and the life of the national economy, so that it can play its role in enhancing the capacity of the national economy and improving the people's livelihood.

3. Moral education as the center;

Civic moral education (moral education) is the foundation for cultivating a sound personality. In order to avoid the tragedies of personal fighting, aggression, bullying of the wise, bullying of the weak, the separation of the rich and the poor, and the bloody war between the capitalists and the laborers, it is necessary to "teach them civic morality."

4. Take worldview education as the ultimate goal;

Worldview education is unique to Cai Yuanpei and is regarded as the highest level of education. Philosophically, Cai Yuanpei was influenced by Kant's dualism and divided the world into two parts: the phenomenal world and the physical world.

5. Take aesthetic education as a bridge.

Aesthetic education (aesthetic education). Cai Yuanpei can be called the first person to advocate aesthetic education in the history of modern Chinese education. Influenced by Kant's aesthetic thought, he believed that "the aesthetic person, in terms of beauty and dignity, is between the phenomenal world and the physical world, and Jin is the bridge".