Erikson s theory of eight stages of psychological development

Erickson's Eight-Stage Theory of Life Development(Theory of Psychosocial Development): Erikson argues that people have to go throughEight stages of psychosocial evolution, which evolved into psycho-social development. These stages include:Four stages of childhood, one stage of adolescence, and three stages of adulthood

ChildhoodInfancy (0 years): Psychological conflict of basic trust and distrust.

Childhood (years): Autonomy and shyness (or suspicion) conflict.

Early school age (3-6 years): active conflict over guilt.

School age (6-12 years old): Diligence against inferiority conflicts.

The stage of pubertyAdolescence (12-18 years): self-identity.

and the clash of character confusion.

AdulthoodEarly adulthood (18-40 years old): the conflict of intimacy versus loneliness.

Adulthood (40-65 years): Conflict between fertility and self-focus.

Maturity (over 65 years old): The conflict between self-adjustment and despair.

Although Erikson inspired several researchers, as well as many of the general public, he apparently failed to recruit a prominent following to continue his career. If anything, there aren't many Eriksonians, at least not among prominent psychologists, perhaps because his theories lack practical relevance compared to others. His theory does not deal with the ** associated with it, and unlike other theories, Erikson's theory is used rather rarely to solve real-world problems.

Summary. Erikson divides personality development into the following eight stages: (1) Infancy (0-1 years old).

The task of development at this stage is to gain a sense of trust, to overcome doubt, and trust forms the quality of "hope" in the personality. This stage embodies the realization of "hope". Erikson defines hope as "the enduring belief in the fulfillment of one's own desires, the roar of rebellion against the forces of darkness and the birth of life."

Erikson's theory of eight stages of psychological development

Erikson divides personality development into the following eight stages: (1) Infancy (0-1 years old). The task of development at this stage is to gain a sense of trust, to overcome doubt, and trust forms the quality of "hope" in the personality.

This stage embodies the realization of "hope". Erikson defines hope as "the enduring belief in the fulfillment of one's own desires, the roar of rebellion against the forces of darkness and the birth of life." ”

2) Early childhood (1-3 years old). The task of development at this stage is to gain a sense of autonomy, overcome shyness, and experience the realization of "will". Erikson defines the will as "the determination to be firm in free choice or self-restraint despite the inevitable shyness and skepticism." ”

3) Preschool (3-6 years old). The task of development at this stage is to gain a sense of initiative, overcome guilt, and experience the fulfillment of "purpose". Erikson defines purpose as "the courage to face up to and pursue worthy goals, not limited by the imagined feelings of defeat, guilt, and fear of punishment in young children."

School age (6-12 years). The task of development at this stage is to gain a sense of diligence, overcome an inferiority complex, and experience the realization of "ability". "Competence is not diminished by a child's inferiority complex, and what is needed to complete the task is the skill and wisdom to operate freely," Erikson said. ”

Adolescence (12-18 years). The task of development at this stage is to establish identity and prevent identity confusion.

Early adulthood (18-25 years). The task of this stage of development is to gain intimacy, avoid isolation, and experience the realization of "love". Erickson argues that love is "the suppression of hereditary antagonisms between heterosexes and the eternal devotion to each other." ”

Middle adulthood (25-50 years). The task of development at this stage is to gain a sense of reproduction, to avoid stagnation, and to experience the realization of "care".

Late adulthood (after age 50). The task of development at this stage is to gain a sense of perfection, avoid a sense of failure, and experience the realization of "wisdom". Erikson defines it as: "a detached approach to life and death." ”

Thanks for waiting, the following is the stages and introduction Oh Erikson is a well-known psychologist and developmental psychologist who proposed an eight-stage theory of psychological development known as Erikson's theory of psychosocial development (Erikson's theory of psychosocial development）。Here's a brief description of these stages: Basic Trust vs. Distrust Stages (0-1 years):

Babies develop a sense of trust or distrust of the world through dependence and interaction with their primary caregiver. Autonomy and Skepticism (1-3 years old): Young children begin to explore and develop their self-identity and try to act independently.

Successful development will create a sense of autonomy that can otherwise lead to doubt and hesitation. Guilt & Instrumental Competence Stage (3-6 years old): Young children build social and moral awareness by developing social skills and understanding rules.

Proper support fosters a sense of responsibility that can otherwise lead to feelings of guilt and inadequacy. Industriousness and low self-esteem (6-12 years old): Children develop academic abilities and skills in school and social settings.

Successful fulfillment can lead to a sense of accomplishment, while failure or harsh evaluation can lead to an inferiority complex. Identity and Role Confusion (12-18 years old): Adolescents explore their identities and try to find their social roles that fit them.

It is an important stage in the search for personal identity and independence. Intimacy and loneliness stage (18-40 years): The individual matures in the process of establishing intimacy and nurturing loving relationships.

Successful development will bring intimacy that can otherwise lead to loneliness. Achievement and stagnation (40-65 years): Adults achieve personal goals and responsibilities through career, family, and social involvement.

Success will bring a sense of accomplishment that could otherwise lead to a sense of stagnation. Wholeness and despair stage (65 years and older): Older adults look back on their entire life course and feel content or loss about their accomplishments.

Successful completion will bring satisfaction and acceptance, which can otherwise lead to feelings of despair. The theories of these stages emphasize the developmental tasks and challenges faced by individuals at different stages of life, and how to deal with these challenges on the development of an individual's mental age.