What kind of research does Weber think sociology should uphold?

Maintain a scientific research attitude.

There are two main categories of social research: qualitative research and quantitative research. Empirical evidence will be collected using a variety of methods, including questionnaires, interviews, participant observations and statistical studies. Historical sociological research is a qualitative social research method.

The difficulty with the different approaches is that they all interpret and understand society according to the theoretical basis of the researcher. As a functionalist, Emile Durkheim liked to explain anything in terms of the large-scale structure of society. If he is a symbolic interactor, he focuses on how people understand others.

Marxists or neo-Marxists turn everything into a class struggle.

Phenomenologists simply think about how the masses establish their own meaning for reality. When all parties are confronted with real social problems, they often argue about who is right and who is wrong, but in fact they combine different methodologies. The general view is to divide sociology into macro (macroscopic) or microscopic, and it is believed that the unit of analysis, such as national development, belongs to the former; The analysis of the individual's spirit and family, etc., belongs to the latter.

This is quite a rigid view of the solution. In fact, the so-called micro is not based on the scale of the research unit, the micro is more of a thing that deals with the basic archetypes of sociology, and more observes the interaction between different units, in fact, between enterprises, and even between countries, it can also be regarded as an individual, studying the interaction between them, and dealing with it in a micro way, such as using symbolic interactionism, phenomenological methods, etc.

The Internet is of interest to sociologists for four reasons:

First, it is a research tool. For example, online questionnaires instead of paper questionnaires;

Second, it becomes a platform for discussion;

3. It is a research topic in itself. Sociological research on the Internet: online communities, virtual communities;

Fourth, the Internet has brought about changes in social organization, such as large-scale social changes from an industrial society to a knowledge-based society. In general, Europe and the United States are more likely to take a mediated view of the Internet problem.

It is not only a communication tool, but also a change in the mode of people's interaction, just as before the 20th century, the emergence of money affected people's modern life, urban life, etc.; Or like Gutenberg's printing press after the boom in Europe, the change in European knowledge and education.

I don't think that sociology should show a research attitude, this should be serious and rigorous, QQ is too bad to be able to conduct better research.

In Weber's view, sociology should not be like Comte and Spencer to study all natural science social phenomena, Weber's sociology is called understanding sociology, which will study social phenomena through understanding, emphasizing that sociology is explained and analyzed through certain methods and ways and using certain analytical tools. From the perspective of operability, it can be divided into direct observation and interpretation of subjective meaning. Then, even if the understanding is logical, it is still a subjective form, and when using the theory of causal pluralism to look at the object of study, the analysis is to use a specific verification to find the specific causal relationship behind a certain social phenomenon, rather than to explore the law with universal causal effect. Causal illustration here refers to concrete, problematic causation of individual phenomena, which Weber called the problem of attribution.

Of course, in the process of making explanations to find out cause and effect, there can be no value judgment, and researchers must maintain value neutrality. If there is a value judgment in the research process, then the objectivity of science is lost. Weber also put forward the concept of "understanding type", the function of this concept is to explain social phenomena as much as possible within a scarce and rigorous conceptual system, to complete objectively enough, to avoid subjective and arbitrary phenomena, Weber believes that in this way can sociology become a real science.

So, what kind of behavior is the study of sociology, that is, social action? Weber then talked about social action and the process of rationalization, he believed that social action has two characteristics, namely "for others" and "subjective meaning", and divided social action into purpose rationality, value rationality, emotion and traditional action. Weber believed that the purpose is the instrumental rationality, and the action has the highest rationality, which is manifested in the cognition and conscious choice of the actor.

Subsequently, Weber divided these two types into rational action and irrational action, in which rational action includes two categories of purpose and value rationality, of course, in the real society, it is not like Weber's ideals, but the synthesis of many types, the essential characteristics of modern society, the direction of movement of social history is the rationality of purpose or form.

When talking about the rule of legitimacy, Weber hypothesized that the rationality of social action is the premise, and uses the analysis tool of "rational type" to divide the existing types of rule with legitimacy into three categories: traditional rule, charismatic rule and legal and rational rule. On the one hand, he admitted that the bureaucracy is a rational form of human organization, and he saw the profound influence and promotion of the bureaucracy in the development of capitalist society, and also saw the drawbacks in the development of this system, which provided a sufficient theoretical basis for the development and improvement of the social system in Western capitalist countries.

Weber believed that sociology is a science that focuses on the study of individuals and their social behavior, forming a non-positivist line of sociology.

Weber argues that the object of study in sociology is:

a.Social phenomenon.

b.Social action.

c.Social organization.

d.Social facts.

Weber believed that sociology should uphold a research attitude that respects objectivity and respects facts.

Weber argues that the object of study of social companionship is () rolling.

a.Social facts.

b.Social form Lu Xing.

c.Social laws.

d.Social action.

Correct answer: Social action.

Weber argues that the object of study in sociology is:

a.Social facts.

b.Social form.

c.Social laws.

d.Social Bi Manuscript Action.

Correct Envy File Answer Regret Filial Piety: D

1.Sociology of understanding and comprehension.

2.Causal pluralism.

3.Value-neutral.

4.Ideal type.

1.Sociology of Understanding and Understanding: Weber considered sociology to be a science that is committed to understanding social action explanatorily and making causal accounts through understanding the processes and effects of social action.

2.Causal Pluralism: Weber pointed out that the understanding of social action must be accompanied by empirical verification, which is to find the specific causal relationship behind a certain social phenomenon, and summarized the above subjective explanation and specific verification into two propositions: "subjective appropriateness" and "causal appropriateness".

3.Value neutrality: Weber's value neutrality is a normative principle of academic research.

Value neutrality does not require that scholars have no or cannot have their own value judgments, but that they should figure out where to appeal to analytical understanding and where to appeal to emotion.

4.Ideal type: The ideal type is a subjective mental construct, and "ideal" means what does not exist in reality, not what is best or what people want most.

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, The Economic Ethics of the World's Religions, The Religions of China: Confucianism and Taoism (1913), The Religion of India (1916-1917), and Ancient Judaism (1917).