The difference between monism and dualism in philosophy is whether or not to admit it

Monists believe that matter is the only origin of the world, that there is matter first and then there is consciousness, that matter is the first nature, consciousness is the second nature, and consciousness is derived from matter, this philosophy is called materialist monism; Consciousness or feeling is the only origin of the world, there is consciousness first and then matter, consciousness is the first nature, matter is the second nature, and matter is felt by consciousness, this philosophy is called idealistic monism. Dualists argue that

Matter and consciousness are the two primordial principles of the world, matter and consciousness coexist, and there is no relationship between derivation and derivation, determination and determination, this kind of philosophy is called dualist philosophy. This kind of philosophy seems to be somewhat in line with the theory I have talked about earlier, but it is not. What I have said earlier is the relative relationship between matter and consciousness, thinking and existence when there are human beings on the earth at this stage, and this relative relationship is the correspondence mentioned above.

And what is the absolute relationship between them? The absolute relationship between them is a cyclic transformation relationship. Relative relations are phenomena that describe changes in a certain stage, space, and quantity of matter in the universe, while absolute relations are phenomena that describe changes in space, time, and all quantities of matter in the entire universe.

The error of x0d monism is that matter is the only primordial of the world, and the error of dualism is that matter and consciousness are the two primordial primordials of the world. The so-called primordial is that A becomes B, and A is the original of B, what if B becomes A again? Who is the origin of whom?

Materialism believes that matter can become spirit, and spirit can also become matter, so that the circle is round, which is the original? Monism is clearly not self-justifying. Dualism holds that there are two primordial principles of the world, and how do the two primordial principles transform each other?

What about the original when there were no people on earth? Dualism is obviously even less self-justifying.

Whether or not to recognize that the world has a unified origin.

Monism and dualism differ mainly from the following:

First, in the handling of representation errors, according to dualism, representation errors are of course reversible; According to the monist theory, if the counterpart does not participate in the formation of the error, the expressor may not claim revocation in principle.

Second, in the error of motive, according to dualism, there are situations where the counterparty does not participate in the formation of the error but the expressor can still revoke it, such as the error of the will.

Third, in the case of motive error, according to dualism, there is a situation in which the counterpart cannot be revoked even if the counterpart participates in the formation of the error. For example, the ideographer mistakenly thinks that his cat has been lost, and after buying a new cat from the counterpart, he finds that the cat has returned. Even if there is a common misunderstanding between the two parties in the matter of the lost cat, it does not constitute a contractual basis sufficient to transfer the risk of error, so the expressor cannot revoke it.

The tax errors discussed above are all problems of wrong motives, and the third situation (a situation in which the counterparty participates in the formation of the error, but the expressor cannot revoke it) is the majority. As shown in the judgment of Case 1 in the introduction, even if the parties make a common mistake on whether the transaction is taxed, the amount of tax rate, whether there are tax incentives, etc., the taxpayer of individual income tax cannot easily claim revocation.

As a non-taxpayer, even if the intention to bear the tax risk is expressed in the tax package clause, it may not ultimately bear all the risks. This is not easy to explain from a monistic point of view. The basic presupposition of who should bear the tax burden in the tax system affects the allocation of the risk of error in taxes and fees, and makes it more difficult for taxpayers to pass on the risk of errors in taxes and fees to non-taxpayers.

This is a new type of consideration that has never appeared in China's previous research, and theoretically requires a more inclusive way of legal composition.

Philosophical dualism is a philosophical doctrine that holds that the world of diversity has two primordial principles that are in no particular order, independent of each other, and exist and develop in parallel. The concept of dualism was introduced much later; The dualistic view has existed since ancient Greece, and its typical representative is Plato.

The typical form of this doctrine is the "mind-object dualism" put forward by the French philosopher Descartes in the 17th century, that is, there are two entities in the world, one is the "material entity" that only has a broad extension but cannot think, and the other is a "spiritual entity" that can only think but not extend, and the two are completely different in nature, they exist and develop independently, and neither affects or determines whom.

Any idea that divides the universe or something into two separate parts. For example, the ancient Persian Zoroastrian dualism of good-evil, Plato's idea-thing dualism, Kant's ontology-phenomenon dualism, and some ethics believe that there is an unbridgeable dualism between factual statements and value judgments.

Dualism is a branch of ontology that holds that the origin of the world is the two entities of consciousness and matter, and attempts to reconcile the philosophical views of materialism and idealism. Dualism asserts that the world has two separate primaries, spiritual and material, and it is the opposite of monism.

Because dualism actually insists that matter and consciousness are not premised on each other (or premised on each other), it is easy for some materialists to think that they are idealistic; But in reality, the concept of dualism dictates that it cannot be biased towards either side.

Dualism essentially insists that consciousness exists independently of matter. It is the opposite of monism. The quintessential dualist in the history of philosophy is the 17th-century French philosopher Descartes.

He believes that consciousness and matter are two absolutely different entities, the essence of consciousness lies in thought, and the essence of matter lies in vastness; Matter cannot be thought, consciousness cannot be vast; The two are completely independent of each other and cannot be determined by one or derived from the other.

Just like the addition of things in quantum mechanics, adding matter and spirit together, adding two opposites together, a theory of finding superposition states, if you don't understand it well, can be regarded as a theory derived from the assumption that spirit and matter are inseparable, but at the same time play different roles.

Vacillating between materialism and idealism will inevitably lead to an idealistic philosophy.

It is believed that "consciousness" and "matter" are independent of each other and can be abandoned to exist independently.

The difference between monism and dualism in philosophy is that monism acknowledges the unity of the world and holds that the world has an essence or primordial philosophical doctrine, whereas dualism refers to a philosophical doctrine that denies the unity of the world and holds that the world has two independent primordial principles.

Monism is a philosophical doctrine that holds that there is only one primordial principle of the world, and is a philosophical doctrine that is a branch of ontology. Materialist monism affirms that the origin of the world is matter, and idealistic monism affirms that the origin of the world is spirit. Dualism is a philosophical doctrine that holds that the world of diversity has two primordial principles that exist and develop in no particular order, independent of each other, and in parallel.

Monism holds that the origin of the world is either matter or consciousness; Dualism holds that both spirit and matter are the origin of the world. As long as it is clear who is right and who is wrong, the question of the relationship between matter and spirit will be clarified.

Monism refers to the philosophical doctrine that recognizes the unity of the world and holds that the world has an essence or primordial nature; Dualism refers to the philosophical doctrine that denies the unity of the world and holds that the world has two separate primitives.

The difference between philosophical fundamental monism and dualism is whether or not ()aThe materiality of the world.

b.The frontal unity of the world.

c.The knowability of the world.

d.The diversity of the world.

Correct answer to the defence: b