In the Analects, how to understand the gentleman is frank and swaying, and the villain is a relativ

Confucius said: "A gentleman has a broad heart and is above board, but a villain is always calculating and troubled." ”

True gentlemen have a broad mind, they are not confined to things, neither happy with things, nor sad about themselves. Therefore, no matter what the situation, you can always be honest and open. But villains are mostly self-interested, often suffering from gains and losses, and narrow-minded, so they are often sad and troubled.

This is "the gentleman is frank, and the villain is a relative".

It is understood that a gentleman will not tell any lies, but only a villain will do everything possible to hide his thoughts, and a gentleman and a villain are very different.

To put it simply, the gentleman is informal, and the villain finds fault everywhere.

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Long [sic] 7.37 Zi said: "The gentleman is frank and (1), and the villain is a relative (2).""Notes] (1) Frank and Dang:

Broad-minded, open-minded, and tolerant. (2) Relatives: often sad and troubled.

Confucius said: "A gentleman has a broad heart, and a villain is always sorrowful." Commenting on Xiang Cong Zheng] Zheng Nian "The gentleman is frank and open,..

The gentleman is frank, and the villain is a relative.

Excerpt from The Analects of Confucius

Explanation: The gentleman is open-minded and calm. The villain is calculating, suffering from gains and losses.

The gentleman's heart is swift, round and cheerful, his mind is calm, his thoughts are frank and clean, and his appearance and movements are also very comfortable and stable. The villain has too many desires in his heart, and his psychological burden is very heavy.

Extended Content:

The specific explanation of the word "gentleman" began with Confucius.

Before Confucius, the term "junzi" was mainly based on political arguments, and the main meaning of junzi was "jun".

Jun", from Yin, from the mouth. "Yin", which means to govern affairs; "口" indicates the issuance of commands. Taken together, it means: to call the shots and govern the country.

The Book of Poetry, Gu Fengzhishi, Dadong": "What the gentleman performs, the villain sees." It means that the princes and nobles can stroll on it, and the grass people can only look blankly. It's about the hierarchical differences between people.

This gentleman and villain are opposite to the people in their reign. The gentleman leads the way, and the villain serves him.

The Ninth Year of Xianggong in the Spring and Autumn Period: "The gentleman works hard, and the villain labors" means that the gentleman engages in mental work, and the villain engages in manual labor.

Here, the gentleman and the villain still focus on status rather than moral character.

By the time of Confucius, the word gentleman began to have the attribute of moral character.

The word gentleman has multiple meanings:

1. Virtuous people. Erudite and knowledgeable, good deeds and not slack, called a gentleman. (Rites, Rites).

2. Calling the person in office.

3. Bamboo, lotus, chrysanthemum aliases. Fourth, plum, orchid, bamboo, Changheng chrysanthemum called the four gentlemen.

5. The wife is called the husband. I didn't see a gentleman, and I was worried. Book of Songs, Zhaonan).

6. Honorific titles for ancestors.

7. Refers to men. Guan Guan Sui dove, in the river island, fair lady, gentleman. (Book of Songs, Zhou Nan).

8. Those who are in the upper position. He is a gentleman, not a vegetarian. (Book of Poetry, Cutting Tan) No gentleman Mo Zhi savage, no savage Mo Mo raise a gentleman. (Mencius, Teng Wengong).

9. Good scholars. Zi said: A gentleman has no food to eat, and no place to live; If you are sensitive to things and cautious in what you say, you will have the right way and be right, and you can be said to be studious. Broadly speaking, the word gentleman has more than one meaning. There are many interpretations, and it is easy to be ambiguous.