On the phenomenon of credit deficiency in China and the purpose of governance measures

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Reflections on the current situation and further development strategies of student loans for college students.

Abstract:With the reform of the higher education system and the expansion of the enrollment scale of colleges and universities, the higher education fee system is also being reformed accordingly. The increasing proportion of students' tuition fees and living expenses is increasing, which has become a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently for students whose families are relatively financially difficult, especially those who come from rural areas.

In this context, student loans came into being and gradually developed. This question provides a comprehensive account of the current situation and the perspective of further development of student loans.

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is a crisis caused by a lack of credit.

a.As a result, the investment willingness of the investors has been disturbed.

b.It leads to market instability, and investment and returns are difficult to measure.

c.All of the above.

d.As a result, the enthusiasm for technological innovation has disappeared.

Correct answer: c

Enterprise credit repair process.

1. The process of credit restoration for enterprises involved in general untrustworthy conduct:

For general untrustworthy conduct, we can choose one of the two processes through the credit department to restore it or the original administrative punishment organ.

For credit department restoration, we need to prepare: Letter of commitment for credit restoration, a copy of the administrative counterpart's main registration certificate (with an official seal), and a copy of proof of the performance of administrative punishments (with an official seal).

The original criminal investigation and punishment organs need to prepare: a letter of commitment for credit restoration, and a "Decision on Credit Restoration of Administrative Punishment Information Involving Ordinary Untrustworthy Conduct" issued by the administrative punishment organ.

We select [**Apply for Repair] and submit the materials, and after the submission is successful, the platform will send you a credit repair progress inquiry code in the form of SMS. After the review and approval of "Credit China"**, the publicity will be revoked, and the application will be completed within 10 working days.

2. The credit restoration process for enterprises involved in serious untrustworthy conduct:

Generally, if an enterprise is involved in serious dishonesty, the publicity period for administrative penalties will range from six months to three years. If a company wants to repair its credit, it needs to go through the credit department. Enterprises involved in serious untrustworthy behaviors need to prepare the following materials if they want to repair their credit:

A letter of commitment for credit restoration, a copy of the administrative counterpart's main registration certificate (with an official seal), a copy of proof of the performance of administrative punishments (with an official seal), proof of active participation in credit restoration training, and a credit report.

After the materials are ready, we need to go to the on-site reception network to submit the materials. After the submission is passed, the process is the same as before, we will receive the repair progress inquiry code by SMS, and then after the credit China** review is passed, we can withdraw the administrative punishment, and the process is about 10 days.

3. The enterprise is involved in specific serious untrustworthy conduct.

Generally, this kind of enterprise is like what we mentioned above, it is the food and drug department or the fire safety department, if this kind of enterprise is involved in untrustworthy behavior, it needs to be publicized for three years, and the credit will not be repaired during the three-year publicity period! Specific actions include:

Administrative punishment information in the fields of ** drugs, ecological environment, engineering quality, production safety, fire safety, compulsory product certification, etc., has been ordered to suspend production and business, or to have their licenses revoked or business licenses revoked.

For bribery, tax evasion and fraud, malicious debt evasion, malicious default on loans or service fees, malicious wage arrears, illegal fundraising, contract fraud, pyramid schemes, operating without a license, manufacturing and selling counterfeit and shoddy products and intentional infringement of intellectual property rights, lending and borrowing qualifications for bidding, bid-rigging and collusion, false advertising, infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers or investors, seriously disrupting the order of cyberspace communication, gathering crowds to disrupt social order, etc., were ordered to suspend production and business, or revoke permits, revocation of licenses and other behaviors.

Information on administrative punishments that laws, regulations, or rules provide otherwise cannot be restored.

None of the above behaviors can be repaired within three years.

4. If it is impossible to judge the severity of the untrustworthiness.

1) The economic implications of credit. The forms of modern credit mainly include: commercial credit, bank credit, national credit, consumer credit, etc.

2) Commercial credit is the credit provided in the form of commodities when buying and selling commodities between industrial and commercial enterprises, and the typical way is to sell on credit. Commercial credit is limited in direction, scale, and duration. Bank credit is the credit provided by banks or other financial institutions in the form of money, which breaks through the limitations of Tongkailing's commercial credit.

National credit is the credit of the state as a debtor or creditor, which can be used to regulate fiscal revenue and expenditure and the macroeconomy. Consumer credit is the credit provided by enterprises, banks and other financial institutions to individual consumers for direct consumption. The above-mentioned forms of credit involve different economic entities and specific forms, but they all play an important role in economic development.

3) China should further develop the socialist market economy, and should guide and use various forms of credit in a focused and managed manner: standardize commercial credit and develop direct financing; strengthen the risk management of bank credit and improve the efficiency of the use of monetary funds; Appropriately develop consumer credit, meet the needs of housing reform and other economic system reforms, meet the reasonable needs of consumers, and pay attention to preventing blind consumption and credit inflation; Arrange the scale and structure of the state's credit so that it meets the needs of economic development and society.

In short, on the premise of developing various forms of credit, and in light of their respective characteristics and roles, the use of various forms of credit should be emphasized, coordinated, and simultaneously.

How should China establish a social credit system?

The construction of the social credit system must be carried out in accordance with the laws of the market economy itself. The social credit system is a social punishment mechanism for the untrustworthy, and the market economy itself has a social punishment mechanism for the untrustworthy.

Next, I will talk about how we are currently serving the mountains and preparing the country to establish a social credit system.

First of all, and this is also the most critical one, we must open up the credit industry and let private capital enter the credit industry.

Secondly, it is necessary to clarify the status of the company in the credit industry, and you must not be an athlete in the credit industry. At present, there are industrial and commercial departments, economic and trade departments, taxation departments, and technical supervision departments to carry out credit assessment, and there may be labor departments (for labor wages), health departments (for food hygiene), and public security departments (for public security) to carry out credit evaluation. The standards for collecting, sorting, analyzing, and evaluating the credit records of these departments are basically not disclosed, and other market economy participants are unable to obtain the corresponding data and make corresponding judgments.

Such assessment conclusions lack comprehensiveness and have no legal basis.

Third, ensure the disclosure of credit information of state departments. Some of the credit information of enterprises is held in different state departments. The state shall ensure that this portion of credit information is complete and easy to inquire into.

If the social credit system is established, even the legal punishment of the untrustworthy still lacks rigidity, I believe that only by relying on the social punishment of the untrustworthy, the number of untrustworthy incidents will be greatly reduced, and the credibility of Chinese society will be greatly improved.