What is the definition of acid base salt in high school? Note! is the definition of high school

Compounds that are made up of cations (H+) during ionization are all hydrogen ions are called acids.

In the acid-base ionization theory, base refers to:Anions ionized in an aqueous solution.

All are compounds of OH-; In acid-base proton theory, a base refers to a compound that can accept protons; In acid-base electron theory, a base refers to an electron donor.

Salt in chemistry, refers to:A class of compounds in which metal ions or ammonium ions (NH+) are combined with acid ions, such as calcium sulfate, copper chloride, sodium acetate.

In general, salts are the product of metathesis reactions, such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.

Sodium sulfate is generated.

and water, there are also other reactions that can form salts, such as displacement reactions.

Classification of acids:1According to organic and inorganic, it is divided into inorganic acids and organic acids.

Organic acids refer to some organic compounds that are acidic. The most common organic acids are carboxylic acids, which are acidic from their carboxyl groups.

cooh)。Sulfonic acids (-so H) are also organic acids. Organic acids can react with alcohols to form esters.

2. According to whether it contains oxygen, it is divided into oxygenated acid and anaerobic acid.

Oxygenated acids (such as sulfuric acid HCO, carbonated HCO, etc.) and anaerobic acids (such as hydrochloric acid, HCl, hydrofluoric acid.

hf, etc.). 3. According to the number of H+ that can be ionized from the acid molecule.

It can be divided into monobasic acid (HCl), dibasic acid (Hso), and terbasic acid (HPO).

4. According to the acidity, the acid is divided into strong acid.

Moderately strong acids, weak acids (whether they can be completely ionized).

Strong acids (HCl, etc.), Medium strong acids (H Po, etc.), Weak acids (H Co, etc.).

5. According to whether it is the central atom, the electrons are divided into strong oxidizing acids and non-strongly oxidizing acids.

Strong oxidizing acids (HNO, etc.).

Definition of high and high acid base salts.

Acids: Compounds in which the cations produced during dissociation are all hydrogen ions.

Base: The anions produced during dissociation are all hydroxide ion compounds.

Salt: A compound of acid ions and metal ions (special case: NH4+ can also act as a cation) strong acid:

H2SO4 HNO3 HCl HBR HI HCO4 Strong base: NaOH BA(OH)2 KOH Ca(OH)2 is considered weak in addition to the above.

Polyacids: acids that can ionize more than 1 hydrogen ion.

Hope it helps.

Acids: Cations ionized in solution (or in a molten state) are all H+ (hydrogen ions) and are acids.

Alkali: The anions ionized in solution (or in the molten state) are all OH (hydroxide ions) and are bases.

Salt: Ionized in solution (or in a molten state) with both anions and cations, is salt.

New to high school is proton theory.

The definition is: Anything that can give protons is an acid, and anything that can accept protons is a base.

It is amphoteric that can accept and give protons, and what is produced by acid-base reaction is salt.

Let's not talk about Arrhenius' ionization theory in junior high school.

Sodium carbonate Na2CO3, Potassium carbonate K2CO3, Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3.

Strong acids and weak alkali salts are acidic, such as copper sulfate CuSO4, ammonium chloride NH4Cl, ferric chloride FeCl3, aluminum chloride AlCl3, etc.

Strong alkali weak salts are alkaline, such as sodium acetate Naac (AC stands for acetate ion, sodium carbonate Na2CO3, sodium bicarbonate.

NaHCO3, sodium sulfite Na2SO3, sodium metaaluminate Naalo2, etc.

A few more points:

Weak acid ions: such as carbonate ion CO32-, sulfite ion SO32-, silicate SIO32-, metaaluminate ALO2-, acetate CH3COO-, etc.

Strong base ions: such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Ba2+, etc.

Strong acids: six inorganic strong acids in chemistry: sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid (hydrochloric acid), hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, perchloric acid.

Weak alkali: NH3·H2O (ammonia monohydrate).

The general properties of acids of acidic and alkaline salts.

Composition of acids – hydrogen ions Acid ions.

1. React with the indicator.

The purple litmus solution turns red when exposed to acid.

The colorless phenolphthalein test solution does not change color when exposed to acid.

2. The pH of the acid

3. It reacts with the active metal before (h).

Acid + Metal == Salt + Hydrogen.

Example: 2HCl Fe=FeCl2 H2

4. React with basic oxides and some metal oxides.

Acid + basic (metal) oxide – salt + water.

Example: 3H2SO4 + Fe2O3 = Fe2(SO4)3 3H2O

5. React with certain salts.

Acid + carbonate = = salt + water.

Acid + salt - new acid + new salt.

Example: H2SO4 BACL2=2HCl BaSO4

6. Neutralize with alkali.

Acid + alkali – salt + water.

Example: 2HCl Cu(OH)2=CuCl2 2H2O

Common acids are: sulfuric acid: H2SO4 hydrochloric acid: HCl, nitric acid: HNO3.

Acid and base salt summary:

1. Acid can ionize H+ and acid ions in aqueous solution.

2. The alkali can ionize metal ions and oh- in aqueous solution.

3. Salt is a class of compounds widely existing in nature, and their composition contains metal ions (or ammonium ions) and acid ions.

Regularity

Among the common acids, except for silicic acid and orthosilicic acid, which are insoluble in water, and carbolic acid is slightly soluble in water at room temperature, the rest are easily soluble in water.

Among the common alkalis, except for ammonia monohydrate (only existing in solution), potassium, sodium, barium hydroxide is soluble in water, calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble in water, most of them are insoluble in water.

Positive salt is the one that does not contain H+ or OH-, such as NaCl.

Acid salts are those with H+ in them. , e.g. caHCO3.

Basic salts are those that contain OH-, such as alohco3.

Acid salts are salts that contain acid acids. Generally, dibasic acids and above have acidic acid groups.

Such as: bicarbonate, bisulfate, etc.

Acid salt division:

Hypophosphorous acid structure.

1. The aqueous solution is acidic, and the acid salt with strong alkali and strong acid: such as NaHSO4, which is completely ionized in its aqueous solution, so the solution is acidic;

Acidic salts with strong acids and weak bases: salts formed from strong acids and weak bases: such as NH4HSO4, the solution is acidic.

The acidity of the solution is due to the ionization of HSO4-, and the degree of ionization of HSO4- is much greater than that of NH4+, and inhibits NH4+ hydrolysis to a certain extent, so do not think that acidity comes from ammonium hydrolysis.

Strong alkali and weak acid acid salt: the acid group is ionized and hydrolyzed, and the KA value needs to be checked to calculate, but the acid salt where the first hydrogen ion of medium and strong acid is replaced is basically acidic, and polyacids containing phenolic hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups may not be compliant.

2. The aqueous solution is an alkaline acid salt

Generally, acid salts with strong alkali and weak acids, such as: HCO3--salt, HS--salt, because the "ionization" trend is less than the "hydrolysis" trend, so the solution is alkaline.

Answer: The common salts are: sodium chloride (table salt), sodium carbonate (soda ash), potassium chloride, sodium sulfate (miscanthus nitrate), calcium sulfate (gypsum), silver nitrate, etc.

Acid salts are: sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), sodium bisulfate, sodium bisulfite, calcium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. Basic salts are:

Basic copper carbonate (patina), basic chromium sulfate (chromium powder), etc.

Positive salts: sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, barium chloride, potassium carbonate.

Basic salt: basic copper carbonate.

Acid salts: sodium bisulfate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bisulfite".

In addition to metal ions (or ammonium), the cations formed during ionization also include hydrogen ions, and anions are salts of acid ions. Anions are called acid salts because they contain hydrogen atoms that can be ionized in water.

Positive salts: Composed only of metal ions plus acid ions. For example, NaCl, CaCO3, etc.

Acid salts: salts with metal ions added to acid ions and neutralized by H ions. Such as naHCO3 and so on.

Basic salts: salts that have metal ions plus acid ions and are neutralized by OH ions. Such as Cu2(OH)2CO3

Wait. Not necessarily. Acidic salt solutions can be acidic or alkaline.

Salts that can ionize hydrogen ions are usually products in which the hydrogen ions in the acid are partially neutralized, such as sodium bicarbonate, potassium bisulfate, etc. The acidity and alkalinity of the acid salt depends on the strength of the progeny of the acid root to give or accept protons, "giving" is stronger than "receiving", and the aqueous solution is acidic, such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate; Otherwise, it is alkaline, such as sodium bicarbonate.

The acid salts of strong acids are all acidic, the sodium salt (or potassium salt) of medium and strong acids is acidic, and the sodium or potassium salts (including all acid salts of weak acids) are alkaline.

Positive salts: sodium sulfate, sodium chloride.

Sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, barium chloride, potassium carbonate.

Basic salt: basic copper carbonate.

Acid salt: sodium bisulfate, sodium bicarbonate.

Sodium bisulfite.

Sodium hydroxide: white or translucent crystal (depending on the purity) and soluble in water and emit a lot of heat, soluble in ethanol, easy to deliquescent and absorb carbon dioxide, the solution is strongly alkaline, strongly corrosive, can corrode paper, wood products, cotton, cyanide, etc. Used in pharmaceuticals, laboratories are used to decompose acidic or aluminosilicate samples, metal ion precipitators, acid-base regulators, acid gas absorbents, desiccant, etc.

Store tightly sealed in a polyethylene bottle.

Calcium hydroxide: white and light powder, slightly soluble in water and ethanol, easy to absorb moisture and carbon dioxide. The laboratory is used in acid gas absorbers, desiccant, neutralizers, metal ion precipitants and other industries for building materials, chemical raw materials, and also used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Keep glass bottles tightly closed.

Sodium chloride: colorless powdery crystal, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, pure and non-hygroscopic. It is widely used in food processing and condiments and feed industry, industrially used in pharmaceutical industry, chlor-alkali industry, chemical raw materials, etc., and used in chemical analysis (quantitative analysis reagent of silver or as a reference reagent) to prepare hydrochloric acid.

Copper sulfate: 5 water and matter is a beautiful dark blue crystal, anhydrous matter is white absorbent powder, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, toxic. It is mainly used in feed industry, pesticide, copper smelting, chemical industry, laboratory for desiccant (anhydrous), carbon monoxide absorber, aldehyde oxidation or identification reagent, etc.