How can plague be prevented? Ways to prevent rats

The prevention of plague should be paid attention to, because plague is a very serious infectious disease, and the spread speed is very fast, there are many ways to prevent plague, such as: less contact with wild animals, pay attention to family hygiene, regularly disinfect the dead corners of the home, pay attention to the wound after being bitten by mosquitoes, be careful of infection, you can also take medicine to enhance antibodies to plague, pay attention to a balanced diet, eat more light food, drink more porridge to promote gastrointestinal absorption, and maintain physical and mental pleasure.

The prevention of plague is an infectious disease that is transmitted by rat fleas, and it is widely prevalent among wild animals as an infectious disease, and the main manifestations are: black blood, fever, headache, pneumonia, etc.; The incidence of plague is high, and the common preventive measures are not to go to the epidemic area, less contact with wild animals, and can also take drugs to prevent it, and people with respiratory diseases should go to the hospital for diagnosis in time, stay away from harmful organisms, and enhance physical health.

1) Strictly control the source of infection.

1.Patient management If a suspected or confirmed patient is found, the epidemic should be reported immediately according to the emergency** and the network, not more than 2 hours in urban areas and no more than 6 hours in rural areas. At the same time, patients are strictly isolated, and visits and intercourse with patients are prohibited.

Patient excreta should be thoroughly disinfected, and patients should be cremated or buried in the event of death. Pneumonic plague patients are subject to strict isolation. Patients with all types of plague should be isolated separately, and patients with pneumonic plague should be kept in a separate room and should not be shared with other plague patients.

Bubonic plague is isolated until the lymphadenopathy has completely dissipated and then observed for 7 days, and pneumonic plague patients are isolated until 6 negative sputum cultures. Contacts of plague should be quarantined for 9 days, and those who have been vaccinated should be extended to 12 days.

2.Eliminate animal sources of infection Carry out epidemic monitoring of plague among natural epidemic foci of gophers, control plague among rats, and carry out extensive patriotic health campaigns to eliminate rats.

2) Cut off the route of transmission.

1.Flea eradication The patient's body and clothing should be sprayed with safe and effective insecticides to kill fleas, fleas must be completely eradicated, and cats, dogs, domestic animals, etc. should also be sprayed.

2.Strengthen transportation and national mirror quarantine Foreign ships, vehicles, and planes from the epidemic foci should be subject to strict border health quarantine, implement rodent and flea extermination, and quarantine passengers for inspection.

3) Protection of susceptible persons.

1.Contact protection Contact with rat fleas should be avoided during epidemics, and doxycycline should be used for prophylaxis after contact with a suspected or confirmed pneumonic plague patient.

2.Vaccinations When the epidemic begins in the rats, the residents in and around the affected areas, and the workers who enter the affected areas, should be vaccinated. It is commonly used as a dried live vaccine of EV-free strains, ** scratch method inoculation, that is, 2 drops of bacterial solution, 3 weeks apart can be immunized.

Current vaccines still do not provide long-term immune protection against bubonic and pneumonic plague, so they are generally given once a year and again 6 months later if necessary. The newly developed 06173 strain in China produced F1 antibody after immunizing animals was 1 times more effective than that of EV strains.

3.Personal protection of medical personnel Medical personnel entering the epidemic area must be vaccinated with the vaccine before entering the epidemic area after two weeks. Protective clothing, masks, hats, gloves, protective glasses, and rubber shoes must be worn at work.

4.When there is an epidemic, do not travel to the epidemic area, minimize activities in the epidemic area, and avoid contact with rodents. People who have been to epidemic areas should seek medical attention in time if they suddenly develop fever, chills, cough up hemoptysis, swollen and painful lymph nodes within 14 days, and truthfully inform them of their travel history to epidemic areas.

The plague, as terrible as it is, is not invincible or unpreventable. Yersinia pestis has weak resistance to the outside world, is not resistant to dryness and heat, 100 can cause bacteria to die after 1 minute, and can only withstand 1 4 hours in direct sunlight.

"Three nos": do not hunt the source of the epidemic without permission, do not peel the source of the disease, and do not carry the source of the epidemic animals and their products out of the epidemic area without permission.

"Three reports": report the discovery of sick (dead) marmots and other animals, report the discovery of suspected plague patients, and report the discovery of unexplained high fever patients and patients who die urgently.

Routine precautions are focused on reducing rat-flea bites or minimizing exposure to pneumonic plague patients.

1. Avoid travel or activities in epidemic areas and avoid contact with rodents.

2. Avoid close contact with patients with plague, and when in contact with patients who may be infected with pneumonic plague, try to keep a contact distance of more than 1 meter from the patient, wear a mask, and wash hands frequently.

3. Take necessary measures to prevent flea bites, use insect repellent preparations, and commonly used mosquito repellent agents can generally repel fleas.

4. If you have been to the epidemic area, you should continue to measure your body temperature for 2 weeks, and if you suddenly have any symptoms such as fever, chills, lymph node pain, cough, coughing up blood or bleeding, you should immediately seek medical attention and inform the doctor of the travel history to the epidemic area, and the early antibiotics are more effective. [Shaanxi Science Popularization].

Prevention: rodents and fleas should be exterminated, rodent plague should be monitored, and epidemic reporting should be strengthened. Vehicles, ships and planes from epidemic areas should be strictly quarantined, and suspicious passengers should be quarantined.

In the epidemic area and its surrounding areas, the staff participating in epidemic prevention should be vaccinated with plague vaccines. 1."Three do's" and "three don'ts" to prevent plague:

Third, "sick (dead) marmots and other sick (dead) animals should be reported; Plague patients or suspected plague patients should be reported immediately; Patients who are found to be dying of an unknown cause should be reported immediately. "Three don'ts" do not touch, do not peel, do not cook sick (dead) marmots and other sick (dead) animals; Do not sit and rest around marmot holes to prevent flea bites; Do not visit or care at the home of a plague patient or suspected plague patient, or mourn the deceased's home. 2.

Personal protection: Enhanced protection should be taken for those who come into contact with plague or suspected plague patients. Medical staff should wear a full set of personal protective equipment when entering the ward, mainly including protective glasses, protective clothing, N95 masks, gloves, shoe covers, etc.

3.Prophylactic medication: Plague prophylactic medication should be given to people who are in direct contact with plague patients, people who have been bitten by fleas in epidemic areas, people who have come into contact with secretions and blood of infected animals, and plague laboratory staff who have accidents when handling plague bacteria.

Drugs can be tetracycline, doxycycline (doxycycline), sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin, etc. Prophylactic streptomycin can be given intramuscularly if necessary**, and the course of treatment is 7 days.

Plague is no exception to the prevention of any infectious disease, including controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting susceptible populations. My personal summary of plague prevention is as follows:

1.Control the source of infection. Rodent and flea control, monitoring and control of plague among rodents.

Strengthen outbreak reporting. Isolate patients strictly, noting that patients and suspected patients should be isolated separately. In general, bubonic plague is isolated until lymphadenopathy has completely resolved, followed by observation for another 7 days, and pneumonic plague is isolated until 6 negative sputum cultures.

Those who have been in contact with patients are subject to medical observation for 9 days, and those who have been vaccinated should be quarantined for 12 days. The secretions and excreta of the sick should be thoroughly disinfected or incinerated, and the bodies of those who died of the plague should be tightly bandaged in body bags and cremated immediately.

2.Cut off the route of transmission. Strengthen international quarantine and traffic quarantine, strictly quarantine vehicles, ships, and planes from epidemic areas, and exterminate rodents and fleas. Suspicious passengers should be quarantined.

3.Protect vulnerable populations. In general, there are three aspects:

1）.Strengthen personal protection. Medical personnel participating in ** or entering the epidemic area must wear protective clothing and high boots, face shields, thick masks, protective glasses, rubber gloves, etc.

2）.Pharmacological prophylaxis. Sulfadiazine can be taken orally in the following dosages: 2 times a day. Tetracycline can also be used, and the dosage is as follows: oral, 4 times a day. Usually both drugs are used for 6 days, pay attention to the contraindications and adverse reactions of the two drugs.

3）.Vaccinations. The main targets are the people in and around the epidemic area, the staff participating in epidemic prevention and the medical workers entering the epidemic area.

People from non-endemic areas should not enter the endemic area until 10 days after vaccination. Usually 1 subcutaneous injection of live plague vaccines, 1 ml under 6 years of age, 7-14 years of age, and over 15 years of age. The scratch method can also be used:

1 drop of the vaccine solution for children under 6 years old, 2 drops for 7-14 years old (the concentration of the bacteria solution is different from that of the injector), and the word "" is marked on each drop of the vaccine solution. Antibodies are usually produced 10 days after vaccination, and peak after 1 month, with an immunization period of 1 year. Booster vaccination is required once a year.

Plague is a virulent infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis, and plague prevention should be implemented according to various aspects, specifically from reducing activities, avoiding contact, insect control measures, vaccination, and drug prevention. Symptomatic precautions are as follows: 1. Reduce activities, avoid travel or activities in epidemic areas, and avoid contact with rodents (such as:

rodents, marmots). 2. Avoid contact, when in contact with patients who may be infected with pneumonic plague, try to keep a contact distance of more than 1 meter from the patient, wear a mask, and wash hands frequently. 3. Insecticide prevention measures, take necessary measures to prevent flea bites, use insect repellent preparations, and commonly used mosquito repellent agents can generally drive away fleas.

4. Vaccination, during the plague epidemic, the residents in and around the epidemic area and the staff entering the epidemic area can also be vaccinated against plague for prevention, and close contact patients can take antibacterial drugs for prevention under the guidance of doctors. 5. Drug prevention. Sulfadiazine can be taken orally at the following dosages as g 2 times a day.

Tetracycline can also be used, and the dosage is as follows: oral, 4 times a day. Usually both drugs are used for 6 days, pay attention to the contraindications and adverse reactions of the two drugs.

If you need to go to work in the field or the source of the epidemic, you should do a good job of your own protection, such as wearing clothes and pants with better protection, long-sleeved, and tight-fitting clothes and pants, and wearing gloves and masks when you contact the field. ”

Plague is a virulent infectious disease mainly transmitted by Yersinia pestis through rat fleas, and is a natural epidemic disease widely prevalent among wild rodents. Prevention in general is to manage the source of transmission and protect yourself. Prevention of plague.

1. Pay attention to food hygiene. 2. When touching animals or wild animals, do a good job of self-protection and do not be scratched or bitten by animals. 3. Not only to prevent plague, but also to prevent other pathogens carried by animals.

4. If you need to go to the field or the epidemic source to work, you should do a good job of your own protection, for example, try to wear clothes and pants with better protection

1. Poison: Use the sodium salt of the enemy rat and rice, flour and other foods into poisonous bait, and put it in the place where the rats are infested. Anti-rat sodium poison bait rat died 4 6 days after eating; Zinc phosphide poison bait rats died within 24 hours after ingestion; Rats die 10 hours after ingestion.

Although some rat poison is now low toxicity, low toxicity does not mean non-toxic, both the poison itself and the poisoned rats will pollute the indoor environment, food and water sources.

2. Check: Check the rat hole, find out the rat path and activity place where the rat often walks, and provide clues for poisoning the bait and putting the rat device.

3. Hunger: Keep the food, cut off the rat food, remove the garbage and feces, and force the rats to eat the bait.

Affected people tend to live in a concentrated manner during disasters, and rodents are also relatively concentrated, which increases the chance of contact between rodents and people, and the epidemic of rodent-borne diseases may occur. Therefore, rodent control and rodent control work is very important.

1) During the flood, rodents are concentrated in high ground, and the local density is very large, so they can be surrounded by manpower, or under rat traps and rat traps.

2) Protect food and grain to prevent food from being contaminated by rodents.

3) Rodenticide bait poisoning. There are many types of rodenticide, which should be used according to specific drug instructions, or used under the guidance of professionals, and should prevent human and animal poisoning when used.

4) Do not touch rodents directly with your hands, dead rats should be burned or buried far away from water sources.

5) When building a house after a disaster, the walls and indoor floors should be built to prevent rats from burrowing.

The daily precautions are:Reduce human exposure to infected flea bites or minimize exposure to pneumonic plague patients。Here's how:

1. Reduce the activity area

Avoid travel or activities in endemic areas, and avoid contact with rodents (e.g. rodents, marmots);

2. Avoid close contact with patients with plague

When in contact with patients who may be infected with pneumonic plague, keep a distance of more than 1 metre from the sick person as much as possible, wear a mask, and wash hands frequently;

3. Take insect control measures

Take necessary measures to prevent flea bites, use insect repellent preparations, and commonly used insect repellent agents can generally repel fleas;

4. If you have been to the epidemic area, you should continue to self-measure your body temperature for 2 weeks

If any of the symptoms such as fever, chills, lymph node pain, cough, coughing up blood or bleeding suddenly appear, you should seek medical attention immediately and inform your doctor of your travel history to the epidemic area.