What are the aspects of the development and utilization of bioenergy?

Biomass energyThe main forms of utilization include direct combustion and power generation, biomass cracking and dry distillation, biomass densification molding, biomass gasification and power generation, biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction, fuel ethanol, etcBiodiesel, energy crops.

1. Direct combustion and power generation: direct combustion can be roughly divided into four situations: stove combustion, boiler combustion, garbage incineration and dense molding fuel combustion. Small-scale biomass combustion power generation in China has also been commercialized in the southern region.

Many of the sugar mills use bagasse to generate electricity. There are a total of 380 small generator sets in Guangdong and Guangxi, with a capacity of 800 megawatts, and there are also some such power plants in Yunnan Province.

2. Biodiesel: At present, the research and development of biodiesel in China is still in its infancy. There are Shanghai Institute of Internal Combustion Engine, Guizhou Mountain Agricultural Machinery Institute, China Agricultural Engineering Research and Design Institute, Liaoning Energy Research Institute, and University of Science and Technology of China.

Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology.

The Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering of Yunnan Normal University and other units have conducted research on biodiesel to varying degrees, and have achieved gratifying results.

3. Biomass dense molding: Dense molding fuel combustion is to solidify the biomass and then use traditional coal-fired equipment for combustion, the main advantage is that the scattered and loose biofuel is concentrated and encrypted, so as to facilitate storage and transportation, making it a convenient, clean and efficient energy. The main disadvantage is the cost of production.

On the high side. 4. Biomass gasification and power generation: China has developed a variety of fixed-bed and fluidized-bed small gasifiers, which use straw, sawdust, rice husks, branches, etc. as raw materials to produce gas, calorific value.

for 4 10 megajoules cubic meter.

At present, there are more than 800 units used for the drying of wood and agricultural and sideline products, and nearly 600 centralized gas supply systems for straw gasification at the village and town level. More than 20 sets of megawatt biomass gasification power generation systems have been popularized and applied. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", in accordance with the National High-tech Development Program (863 Program.

A demonstration project of 4 MW of biomass gasification power generation has been completed.

5. Energy crops: Energy crop planting is a new industry that has been developed recently, which is gradually formed with the continuous deepening and expansion of biomass energy development and utilization. Energy crops refer to a variety of plants used to provide energy, often including fast-growing fuelcoal forests, plants that can extract or produce oil, and algae that can be used for anaerobic fermentation.

and other plants, etc.

Many energy crops are naturally grown and difficult to collect. Now people consciously cultivate some energy crops, through grafting, domestication, and breeding, and constantly increase the yield to meet the growing demand for energy. Sweet sorghum.

It's a good energy crop.

<> utilization of biomass energy mainly includes direct combustion, thermochemical conversion and biochemistry.

There are 3 ways to change.

1. Direct combustion: The direct combustion of biomass will still be the main way of biomass energy utilization in China for a long time in the future. Current retrofit thermal efficiency.

Only about 10% of the traditional wood-burning stove, the promotion of fire-saving stoves with an efficiency of 20% to 30% This kind of energy-saving measures with simple technology, easy to promote and obvious benefits are listed as one of the key tasks of rural new energy construction by the state.

2. Thermochemical conversion: The thermochemical conversion of biomass refers to the technology of vaporization, carbonization, pyrolysis and catalytic liquefaction of biomass to produce gaseous fuels, liquid fuels and chemical substances at certain temperatures and conditions.

3. Biochemical conversion: The biochemical conversion of biomass includes biomass, biogas conversion, biomass and ethanol.

conversions, etc. Biogas conversion is the fermentation of organic matter in an anaerobic environment by microorganisms to produce a methane.

The main component of the flammable gas mixture, i.e. biogas. Ethanol conversion is the fermentation of raw materials such as sugar, starch and cellulose to produce ethanol.

The reserves of biological energy are huge, and the annual production of plants on the earth alone is equivalent to 20 times the current consumption of mineral energy by human beings, and 160 times the energy of the world's existing human fluid belt food. The development and utilization of bioenergy has great potential, and it is mainly researched and developed from three aspects:

1. Establish a material circulation system centered on biogas in rural areas, so that the bioenergy in straw can be slowly released in the form of biogas to solve the fuel problem;

2. Establish "Energy Forest Farm", "Energy Farm" and "Ocean Energy Farm". These power plants that use plants as energy have turned "energy plants" into "energy crops", such as "oil trees" and "green jade trees";

3. Planting sugarcane, cassava, seaweed, corn, sugar beet, sweet sorghum and other crops is conducive to the development of the food industry, and at the same time, plant residues can be used to make alcohol instead of oil. China has a large population, and although there are few food and oil resources that can be used as bioenergy, biomass resources that can be used as bioenergy have great potential to be tapped.

Biomass energy is the form of energy in which solar energy is stored in biomass in the form of chemical energy, that is, energy with biomass as the carrier. It directly or indirectly leads to the photosynthesis of green plants, which can be converted into conventional solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, which is inexhaustible and is a renewable energy source and the only renewable carbon source.

There are three main ways to utilize biomass energy: direct combustion, thermochemical conversion and biochemical conversion. The direct combustion of biomass will continue to be the main mode of biomass energy utilization in China for a long time to come. At present, the transformation of traditional fire-burning stoves with a thermal efficiency of only about 10%, and the promotion of fire-saving stoves with an efficiency of up to 20%-30% are simple, easy to promote, and energy-saving measures with obvious benefits, which are listed as one of the key tasks of rural new energy construction by the state.

The thermochemical conversion of biomass refers to the technology of vaporizing, carbonizing, pyrolysis and catalytic liquefaction of biomass at a certain temperature and conditions to produce gaseous fuels, liquid fuels and chemical substances. The biochemical conversion of biomass includes biomass-biogas conversion and biomass-ethanol conversion. Biogas conversion is the production of a flammable mixed gas with methane as the main component through microbial fermentation of organic matter in an anaerobic environment, that is, biogas and ethanol conversion, which is the use of sugar, starch and cellulose and other raw materials to make ethanol by fermentation.