What are the two types of trams? What are the advantages and disadvantages of trams?

According to the different shape systems, modern trams are mainly divided into two types: steel wheel rail type and rubber wheel + guide rail type.

I know that there is haha in Guangzhou, super beautiful, this is what I took when I went there before.

Merit. 1. Environmental protection and pollution-free.

Modern trams are powered by electricity, so the vehicles do not emit exhaust gases, and are a non-polluting and environmentally friendly means of transportation, and the use of modern trams will greatly reduce the degree of urban pollution. Call.

2. High safety factor.

Trams run along the ground tracks, which do not run through crowds and traffic like buses, so they can effectively reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.

3. Low noise.

Modern trams use rubber wheels, rubber pneumatic tires in the carriages, and rubber pads in the track grooves of Hexiankai, which can basically achieve no noise when driving at high speeds.

4. The project cost is relatively low.

Compared with the subway, modern trams have the advantage of low cost, and the investment required for 1 km of road tram is about 1 3 of the subwayAt the same time, modern trams are easy to maintain and have low operating costs after they are built.

5. It has the function of sightseeing.

The modern tram itself has a fashionable appearance and a beautiful appearance, which can become a beautiful scenery in the city; In addition, compared to the subway running in a tunnel, the scenery outside the tram changes all the time, and it has the function of sightseeing.

Shortcoming. 1. The driving speed is slow.

Vehicles are usually designed for a maximum speed of no more than 50 km/h. Compared with the subway, it is less efficient than the subway, slower than the subway, and carries less passengers than the subway.

2. Erect cables to occupy the road.

Because the current supercapacitor power supply and underground rail power supply are still in the experimental stage, the tram generally needs to set up overhead cables to supply power through the catenary, which will affect the urban landscape and also have certain potential safety hazards.

Advantages of trams: environmentally friendly and pollution-free Modern trams are driven by electricity, so the vehicle will not emit exhaust gases, and it is a pollution-free and environmentally friendly means of transportation; With a high safety factor, the tram is better than running along the ground track, and the track will not run in the crowd and traffic like a bus, so it can effectively reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.

Tram disadvantages: the travel speed is slow, and the maximum speed of the vehicle is usually not more than 50 km h. Compared to the subway, it is less efficient than the subway, slower than the subway, and carries fewer passengers than the subway.

Erection of cables to occupy the road, because the current supercapacitor power supply and underground rail power supply are still in the experimental stage, so the tram generally needs to set up overhead cables, through the catenary power supply, which will affect the urban landscape and also has certain safety hazards.

There is no need to dig tunnels underground; Compared with other road vehicles, streetcar trams are more effective in reducing the rate of traffic accidents; Because the streetcar is powered by electricity, the vehicle does not emit exhaust gases, and it is a pollution-free and environmentally friendly means of transportation. Disadvantages: The cost is not as low as that of buses, and the financial burden is quite heavy for small cities; The efficiency of the inspection rate is lower than that of the subway Sakura Showa: the speed of the streetcar is generally slower than that of the subway, unless most of the section of the streetcar is dedicated (the streetcar on the main section is generally called a light railway); The streetcar can carry about 7,000 passengers per hour, but the underground railway can carry up to 12,000 passengers per hour.

The tram track occupies the road surface, and the road traffic should be rerouted for the streetcar and let the travel lane; Overhead cables need to be set up.

A tram is an electric car that has a track like a train. The benefits brought by the power agency and the judgment of the car are environmental protection and energy saving, which is an incomparable advantage of gas vehicles. The tram is fast, but its track affects other means of transportation, that is to say, its track is specific, while the trolleybus does not have a track like a train, it can be used on the road of the car, but its power needs to be covered by wires.

Trolleybuses will not be eliminated for a certain period of time, and the last city to be eliminated by trams is Dalian.

The diversification of modern trams in their forms, such as metrotram (dedicated right-of-way tram), tramtrain (tram that shares the right of way with railways), cargot ram (freight tram) and other operational concepts; third, the practice of power supply with rails; the birth of a single-track guide tram with rubber tires; Advances in low-floor vehicle production technology, signaling and control technology, and more. Modern trams tend to be the backbone of the city, with almost all of the lines running through the city center. For example, Gothenburg's tram network is distinctly radial, with lines radiating from the city center to the suburbs.

Trams are electrically driven and run on rails. Tram is a kind of public transportation, also known as streetcar, referred to as tram, which is a kind of light rail that is powered by electricity, also known as tram Envy Branch. But usually the whole brother Min walks on the streets, and the train has only one car, a maximum of five.

In addition, some cable cars that run on urban tracks can also be counted as a type of streetcar. Since the tram is powered by electricity, the vehicle does not emit exhaust gases, so it is a pollution-free and environmentally friendly means of transportation.

Looking at the modern tram system in Europe, most cities have adopted a combination of old lines and new ones. On the one hand, this method can make full use of existing resources and reduce construction costs; On the other hand, it can be supplied on demand, and new lines can be laid in the appropriate areas to improve the service level of the line or the entire network. At the same time, the compatibility of modern trams with other rail lines (including trunk railways and urban subways) was taken into account when planning the routes, laying the foundation for flexible operation in the future.

An important difference between modern trams and older trams is the extensive use of independent right-of-way.

In some countries, the cable car is used on the ground, which is similar to the tram in appearance, but there is no cable on the top, and it is easy for Chinese people to get confused. In fact, the cable car on the ground will not move, it will move the track, and the track will drive the car to move. This one is more environmentally friendly, but it is difficult to turn and too slow.

I asked the tram driver this question ten years ago, and I also observed the structure of the cable junction on the overpass, in fact, the power supply cable of the tram is set up at the junction of the two lines to interchange with liquid, directly leading to the two directions, and there is no "trigger" in Huaijing. The driver of the Minoo tram deflects the body a little in the direction to be driven when driving to the cable junction and guides the "braids" into the direction of the line, which may require a little skill, so the trams often lose their braids at the cable junction.

Streetcars were all the rage in some cities in Europe, the Americas, Oceania and Asia in the early 20th century. With the popularity of private cars, buses and other road transport in the 1950s, many streetcar systems were dismantled in the mid-20th century. The streetcar network has completely disappeared in North America, France, the United Kingdom, Spain and other places.

However, in countries such as Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Austria, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Japan and Eastern Europe, the tram network is still well maintained or continues to be modernised.

Affect the passage of other vehicles.

1. Different depths: the subway will be excavated to a depth of 40 meters underground during construction, while the tram will be laid on the ground and will not exceed the depth of 3 meters.

2. The occupied area is different: the tram will occupy the vertical area of the leakage source of the cracked branch pavement during construction, while the subway will not occupy the pavement area.

3. Different track travel: the tram shuttles in the interior of the city, the track is relatively shallow, the car can also travel on the track, and the subway is fast passing underground, the above is the difference between the tram and the subway.

Precautions: Precautions during train operation. You need to pay attention to your belongings, avoid loss, sit down immediately after getting on the train, standing passengers need to hold the rings and columns, during the operation of the train, it is forbidden to move around at will, so as to avoid accidents, if you feel unwell during the subway driving, please get off at the next station immediately, ask the staff in the station for help, if there is an emergency in the train, please stay calm, strictly follow the command of the staff.

Precautions for train arrivals. Pay attention to the radio and station prompts in the carriage at any time, so as to be ready to get off in advance, if you have not been able to get off in time at the station, please wait patiently to the next station and then get off.

Trams and subways are quite different in terms of track type, speed and passenger capacity, business model, line length and coverage, and stops, and their application scenarios are also different. The details are as follows:

1. Rail-type car silver type.

A tram is a volcanic rail vehicle that travels on the road surface, and its track is usually built in the middle of the road or near the side of the road; The subway is a rail transit vehicle that runs underground or on an elevated road, and its tracks are usually built underground or on viaducts.

2. Vehicle speed and passenger capacity.

Metros are generally designed to be faster than trams and are also capable of carrying more passengers. The speed of the subway is generally 60-80 kilometers per hour, and a single train can carry thousands of passengers; Trams, on the other hand, generally travel at a speed of 20-30 kilometers per hour, and the carrying capacity of a single vehicle is small, generally only carrying a few hundred passengers.

3. Business model.

The subway is generally invested in the construction and operation of ** or state-owned enterprises, and its income mainly comes from ticketing and ** financial allocation;Trams, on the other hand, can be invested in the construction and operation of ** or private enterprises, and their income mainly comes from ticketing and ** financial allocation.

4. Line length and coverage.

The length of the line is generally long, which can cover the central area of the city to the suburbs, while the length of the tram line is generally shorter, and can only cover the central area and the surrounding areas.

5. Stops.

The stops of the subway are generally set at fixed stations, generally at a distance apart;The stop of the tram can generally be set at any location and stop at the place where it needs to be stopped.

<> trams are light rail vehicles that are electrically driven and run on rails. Tram is a type of public transport, also known as streetcar, referred to as tram, which is a type of light rail, and the train does not cross the land for five sections, but because it is driving on the street, it will occupy road space. Some cable cars that run on urban tracks can also be counted as a type of streetcar.

The tram is electrically driven, and the vehicle does not emit exhaust gases, so it is a pollution-free and environmentally friendly means of transportation.

Trams are now rarely seen in the city of Oaks. There may be individual cities. Trams are generally used as a means of transportation within the city.

It's pretty much the same as the bus we're on now. It's just that there's a public power grid in the air. The top of the car is on the public grid.

underneath the vehicle. Two more railroad tracks were laid on the road. That is, the tram, he can only run according to the designated track on the ground.

Tram is a kind of public transport type of public transport, also known as streetcar or simply tram, which is a kind of light rail. It is common to walk on the streets with a collapse. There is only one train, and at most it is no more than three bad trains.

In 1834, a blacksmith named Davenpote in the United States built a small electric motor powered by a battery that could drive a small vehicle on a short distance on a track. However, due to the high cost and low efficiency, horse-drawn rail cars have been used. After the invention of the generator, from the 90s of the 19th century, the tram prison replaced the horse-drawn carriage in Europe and the United States, and appeared in many large cities in Asia, Africa and South America.

Trams are much like trains, and they run on rails on steel wheels. In order to prevent the rails from interfering with other vehicles, the rails are made in a concave shape so that they do not protrude from the road surface. The tram is driven by an electric motor mounted on the axle, and the power is drawn into the car by a wire mounted on a telephone pole through a braid-like collector pole on the roof of the car, and the tram is started. The current from the electric motor is then allowed to flow back to the power plant through the wheels and rails.

From about the beginning of the 20th century, most trams were replaced by trolleybuses. Trolleybuses are similar in appearance to buses, but they are equipped with two "braids" on the roof, one of which draws high-voltage direct current from the overhead power lines, which drives the vehicle with a power supply motor and then flows it back into the power plant from the other braid. The trolleybus retains the advantages of fast starting, easy operation and less pollution of the tram, and overcomes the shortcomings of the car running on the rails, affecting the smoothness of the road surface and other vehicles, and has been developed rapidly all over the world.

In some countries, the wheels of the tram are mounted on the roof of the car, which becomes an elevated tram. But more countries are bringing trams into underground tunnels, which are called underground railways. However, the trams on the underground railway are no longer powered by collector poles, but directly by two parallel rails insulated between them, and the vehicle is supplied with high-voltage direct current.

Whether it is an elevated tram or an underground tram, the vehicle is no longer a single car, but like a train, several carriages are combined and driven by the front of the locomotive.