What were the main measures for the reform of the land system in Japan s Meiye Restoration

I remember that it was allowed to buy and sell land. In the Meiji Restoration in Japan in the 19th century, the four strong feudal clans of Sa Chang and Tohi joined forces. After defeating the shogunate at the Battle of Fushimi and Toba, the last shogun, Tokugawa Yoshiki, was forced to return the throne to Emperor Meiji, and Japan officially entered a capitalist society.

The Meiji Restoration deprived the feudal samurai class of its privileges, and the middle and upper samurai were transformed into a new parasitic class by buying their land, while the lower samurai had no choice but to go bankrupt. In 1877, a rebellion broke out among the Southwest Shi clan under the leadership of Saigo Takamori – the Southwest War was the aftermath of the Boshin War. The Meiji Restoration, which destroyed the old feudal order and ushered in a new era, has had a profound impact on both Japanese and world history.

The protagonists of the Restoration were not the lords of the four powerful feudal domains, but the vast number of middle- and lower-ranking samurai and commoners. The Meiji Restoration was a political revolution in Japanese history and an important turning point in Japanese history. It overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate, returned Taisei to the emperor, and implemented major political, economic, and social reforms, promoting the modernization and Westernization of Japan.

The main leaders of the Meiji Restoration were young samurai who sought to build a country on a par with the West under the slogan "Rich Country, Strong Army."

Meiji ** first adopted the measures of "returning the copyright" and "abolishing the feudal domain", which ended the long-term feudal separatism in Japan and laid the foundation for the establishment of a centralized state and the development of the capitalist economy. Since then, Meiji** has implemented the three major policies of enriching the country and strengthening the army, promoting the industry and cultivating industry, and civilizing and civilizing. Enriching the country and strengthening the army means reforming the military and police system, establishing the arms industry, implementing the conscription system, and establishing a new army and police system, which is the foundation of the country. To develop the industry through colonization is to introduce advanced technology, equipment and management methods from the West and vigorously support the development of capitalism. Civilization and enlightenment means learning from Western civilization, developing modern education, improving the knowledge level of the people, and cultivating modern talents.

the introduction of modern industrial technology from the West; Reform the land system, abolish the original land policy, allow land sales and sales, and implement a new land tax policy.

The Meiji Restoration vigorously reformed and developed the capitalist economy in terms of economy, starting with the reform of the land system, the recognition of private ownership of land, the abolition of the ban on land sales, the formal protection of land ownership rights of emerging landlords, and the uniform collection of land taxes.

Personally, I think it was because of the abolition of the samurai class.

Western industrial technology was introduced, the land system was reformed, land sales were permitted, and a new land tax policy was implemented.

Private ownership of feudal land:

The landlord class took possession of the land in order to exploit the private ownership of the land by the peasants (or serfs). On the basis of the collapse of the slave owners' land tenure system, or in the process of the collapse of the communal land ownership system of the village community. The basic characteristics are:

The land was occupied by the feudal lords, who rented or distributed it to the peasants for cultivation, and carried out economic exploitation and supra-economic coercion on the peasants through the collection of land rent; The peasants had no or only a small amount of land, had to rent the landlord's land, and had varying degrees of personal dependence on the landlord. The feudal land ownership system is the economic foundation of the feudal system, the root cause of the peasants' economic exploitation and political oppression, and the fundamental reason for the slow and stagnant development of the productive forces in feudal society. With the development of the commodity economy and the emergence of the capitalist system, this land ownership system gradually collapsed.

Liege: A feudal lord in a feudal society who receives a fief or fief. The lord was the supreme ruler in his own domain, enjoying administrative and judicial powers and other privileges, and the lord set up checkpoints, collected taxes, and minted currency in addition to officials, courts, and prisons.

The lords practiced economic exploitation and political oppression against serfs or peasants. A lord is a vassal of a lord or a higher lord, and is required to perform military service, tribute, and other obligations. The monks, aristocrats, serf owners, and manor owners who occupied territories in the Middle Ages in Europe were also called feudal lords.

These three lords owned most of the land, livestock, and other means of production, and to a large extent the persons of the serfs.

Combining the above two articles, we conclude that in feudal society, the landlords of the fiefdoms or fiefs can be called feudal lords, and these people enjoy the system of ownership and use of land in their own territories, that is, the feudal lord land ownership system.

The reformed private ownership belongs to the capitalist system, and land is acquired through legitimate buying and selling. Legitimate transactions can effectively promote the flow of social capital and create surplus value. In the feudal period, private ownership was through land annexation, unfair means, forced purchase at low prices, and seizure by force.

The point is that the social system at that time was different, and the details had to be asked to economists, not historians.

Before the Meiji Restoration, there was a policy of seclusion and seclusion.

After that, three major policies were implemented:

The three major policies are:"A rich country and a strong army", civilized and civilized"with"Colonization and industry".Colonization and industrial development is to use the power of state power, use various policies as levers, and use treasury funds to accelerate the process of primitive accumulation of capital, and vigorously support the growth of Japanese capitalism in accordance with the Western model with state-owned military industrial enterprises as the lead. Civilization and enlightenment is a cultural movement carried out by Meiji ** in the 70s and 80s of the 19th century to learn the education, culture and science and lifestyle of Western capitalist countries, so as to transform Japanese feudal culture and establish capitalist spiritual civilization.

The new ** abolished the feudal education centered on Confucianism, imitated Western countries to establish a modern school system including primary education, secondary education, industrial education and higher education, and made efforts to popularize primary education throughout the country. In the policy of "enriching the country and strengthening the army," what is of great significance is the abolition of the old military system and the establishment of a new military system. The main content of the reform of the military system is to imitate the West, implement the conscription system, and establish a new type of standing army.

Japan's foreign policy before and after the Meiji Restoration:

Before the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese shogunate implemented a policy of seclusion and seclusion.

During the Meiji Restoration, the company pursued a policy of opening up to the outside world, introduced Western technology, encouraged the development of modern industry, and made efforts to develop education.

After the Meiji Restoration, a policy of aggression and expansion was pursued abroad.

Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan was similar to China in that it was closed off from the rest of the world.

After the Meiji Restoration, the policy of openness was adopted. In the area of foreign relations, as the country's strength has been increasing day by day, it has continued to negotiate and demand the revision of the treaty. The treaty was amended in 1894 and finally abolished in 1911.

In the early years of the Meiji era, Japan deliberately planned to invade and expand its Asian neighbors. In 1874, he sent troops to invade Taiwan, China. In 1875, he invaded Korea by armed forces, and the following year forced Korea to sign the Treaty of Ganghwa.

In 1879, it annexed Ryukyu and changed its name to Okinawa Prefecture. By the end of the 80s, a continental policy with aggression against China and North Korea as its main goal was basically formed. Since the mid-90s, wars of aggression have been waged against foreign countries.