What is horizontal argumentation, what is horizontal argumentative essay and what is vertical argume

Horizontal is argumentation, which divides a problem into several aspects and breaks them down; Longitudinal is to go deeper and go straight to the essence.

Longitudinal argumentation requires students to analyze things in depth, rather than staying at the level of facts. This kind of training helps students develop a good habit of thinking about in-depth analysis of problems and seeing the essence through phenomena.

Although the horizontal argumentative structure is very good-looking, and the effect of argumentative reasoning is also very good, it is not easy to use, and the key is that it is not easy to dissect multiple sub-arguments at once.

It needs to have a strong ability to analyze and analyze, it needs to be fully divergent thinking, full association, and logical integration. Several methods are introduced.

Extended Information: Common horizontal argumentative patterns are mainly as follows:

1. Connotation arrangement.

After the central thesis is proposed, from the perspective of "what", the connotation of the topic is analyzed from multiple perspectives from the perspective of "what", so as to form two to three sub-arguments to support the central thesis.

2. Object arrangement.

That is, thinking about the object of the argument, selecting typical people or events from different angles, forming sub-arguments, and expounding or arguing the central thesis. It is important to emphasize that the characters chosen should be representative and able to elaborate the central argument from different aspects.

3. Reason arrangement.

This model is actually a juxtaposition argument for the central argument from the perspective of "why". It takes the central argument as a conclusion to trace the conditions and reasons for the emergence of this conclusion, and the sub-arguments are mainly questions of cause and purpose.

The horizontal one is horizontal,,,The vertical one is the vertical **pull,,Hehe!!

Imitation: 2007 College Entrance Examination National Paper Essay.

Helping is like being in love.

Helping, to use an inappropriate analogy, is like falling in love.

The first meaning of helping is like falling in love: whether it is help or love, it is a consensual thing. Love is the relationship between the opposite sex through mutual admiration.

If it is just a love between one party and the other, but no response from the other party, then it is just a wishful unrequited love. Most of these relationships will not work out. It's the same with help, the need for help and the help are transformed into each other.

When you need help from someone else, and you get a helping hand, you are the recipient. And when others need help, you have to do it without hesitation. In the process of helping others, your role has changed to being a helper.

If one party is committed to helping the other, and when they also need the other person's help, the other party is indifferent, such help is meaningless. Singer Cong Fei donated 3 million yuan to a poor enterprise, and after he fell ill, none of the employees of the factory visited Cong Fei. For such an ungrateful bunch, you help them solve their material poverty, but you can't solve their moral deficit.

What's the point of such help?

The second meaning of helping is like falling in love: whether it is help or love, you must give sincerely. To succeed in love, both parties must pay their true affection, otherwise it will be emotional deception.

Think about it: how many "loves" based on false feelings will be successful? In love, both parties will inevitably have some small frictions, but as long as both parties deal with each other in good faith, they will naturally resolve the conflict.

In the process of resolving the contradiction, the feelings of the two sides have deepened. The same is true of help, since you want to help others, you have to give your heart, not take out the "food that you want to eat". Whether it is singer Cong Fei or college student Xiao Li, they are sincere in helping others, otherwise, why should one "cut down on food and clothing" and the other "sell scrap"?

I don't live well, but I still have to help others, this kind of heart couldn't be more sincere. The fourth-grade girl at Hope Elementary School was also sincere in helping others. Don't look at her only donating 10 yuan, she is a student in Hope Primary School, and she still needs help from others!

Helping others must be sincere, and it also contains the attitude of not caring about others, and not expecting the meaning of others' returns. If you lend a helping hand to others on the one hand, but on the other hand, you have a small abacus in your heart that you hope that the other party will help you when they are developed in the future, then this kind of help is not sincere. Singer Cong Fei faced the indifference of the recipients, although there was no lack of sadness, but in the end he laughed at himself in a spectacular way:

I don't need money for healing now. It can be seen that he has no regrets about helping others to the death. Such help is undoubtedly genuine.

Help others as if you were in love!

A "point" is one that costs a lot of money, proves a strong argument, and is fresh and unique ("scoop" is the best) that is memorable. Then use a comparative sentence to list the same pertinent and typical general examples that reflect the content of the "point" one by one, which is called "holding the face in hand", and these examples are well known, so only need to be mentioned. Although the "face" may be generic or outdated, the combination of this "face" and "point" can make the article appear full and full.

The following is an essay on "Setbacks and Strengths", in which the author first cites the example of Einstein's success as a key argument, and then writes:

It was this spirit of forging ahead that made Einstein finally become a world-famous scientist. From this, I also think of Darwin's eight-year expedition around the world; After hundreds of thousands of experiments, Edison came up with more than 1,000 inventions that benefited mankind; Tang Xuanzang's arduous trip to India to learn from experience, as well as the victory won by the girls of the Chinese women's volleyball team with sweat and tears. ......

This argument is a combination of points and faces, and the examples of "surfaces" intersect vertically and horizontally, some in the past and the present (vertical), and some outside (horizontal). Clear and persuasive.