What optical microscopes and optical telescopes are there

There are many ways to classify optical microscopes: they can be divided into binocular and monocular microscopes according to the number of eyepieces used; Press whether the image is stereoscopic or not.

Optical microscopy sensing can be divided into stereo vision and non-stereo vision microscopy; According to the object of observation, it can be divided into biological and metallographic microscopes; According to the optical principle, it can be divided into polarization, phase contrast and differential interference contrast microscopes. According to the type of light source, it can be divided into ordinary light, fluorescence, infrared light and laser microscope. According to the type of receiver, it can be divided into visual, photographic, and television microscopes, etc. Commonly used microscopes include binocular stereo microscopes, metallographic microscopes, polarizing microscopes, ultraviolet fluorescence microscopes, etc.

Optical telescopes are divided into refractive telescopes, reflective telescopes, and Schmidt telescopes. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Sri Lankan refracting telescope was still the mainstream of astronomy, and the focus of research at that time was astrometry, the determination of the position of nearby stars. As the times evolved, astronomers began to explore galaxies beyond the Milky Way and study the structure of the entire universe, and the giant reflecting telescopes replaced the refracting telescopes.

The Schmidt telescope has captured many deep and faint objects**, allowing astronomers to explore the depths of the universe at a distance of 1 billion light years. So the 20th century was the era of reflecting telescopes and Schmidt telescopes, and the 21st century will be the era of radio wave telescopes.

There are many classifications of microscopes, if you want to learn more about them, you can go to Shanghai Measurement Photoelectric Technology **** to take a look.

The principle of telescope imaging is:

The function of the objective lens is to obtain the real image of the distant object, because the object is very far away from the objective lens, the light rays emitted to the objective lens at various points on the object are almost parallel beams, and the light rays converge through the objective lens, just outside the focus of the objective lens, very close to the focal point, forming an inverted, reduced real image.

The principles of microscope imaging are:

A small object is placed very close to the focal point of the objective outside the focal length of the object, producing an inverted, magnified real image.

Differences between a microscope and a telescope:

1. The eyepiece group of the microscope is generally a convex lens, and the eyepiece group of the telescope contains a concave lens.

2. The objective lens of the microscope is a short focal length, the eyepiece is a long focal length, and the telescope is the opposite.

3. When the microscope and telescope are composed of two sets of convex lenses, they are both called objective lenses and eyepieces, but they are different from each other.

4. The objective lens of the microscope has an object distance between one and two times the focal length, which becomes an inverted magnified real image, and the function is to magnify the object.

5. The objective lens of the telescope, the object distance is outside the double focal length, and it becomes an inverted and reduced real image, and the effect of the lack of lead is to shorten the distance between the distant object and the eye. And the eyepiece of both has the same function, which plays the role of a magnifying glass.

A microscope is an instrument used to observe a small object or a small part of an object, and a telescope is used to see distant objects clearly.

1. A telescope is an optical instrument that uses lenses or mirrors and other optical devices to observe distant objects. Light rays that are refracted through a lens or reflected by a concave mirror allow them to enter a small hole and converge for imagery, and then pass through a magnifying eyepiece to be seen. Also known as "clairvoyant mirror".

2. The microscope is an optical instrument composed of a lens or a combination of several lenses, which is a sign that mankind has entered the atomic age. It is mainly used to magnify tiny objects and become instruments that can be seen by the human eye. The current optical microscope can magnify the object 1600 times, and the minimum limit of resolution is 1 2 wavelength, and the length of the mechanical barrel of the domestic microscope is generally 160 mm.

1. Refracting telescopes.

The objective lens of a refracting telescope consists of a lens or lens group. Early objective lenses had a monolithic structure, severe chromatic aberration and spherical deviation. Makes visible celestial objects appear as colored light spots.

In order to reduce chromatic aberration, people desperately increased the focal length of the marine police. In 1673, J-Hevelius made a 46-meter-long telescope, and the entire glasses case was lifted to a 30-meter-high mast, and many people on the stick were pulled by ropes and rotated down. Huygens simply put the water mirror.

Separate it from the eyepiece and hang the water mirror on a hundred feet on the high railing. By the end of the 19th century, the refractive index.

The two different pieces of glass were made of a convex lens.

and pit mirrors, regrouped with composite colorless scenes, the road ended the race.

Refracting telescopes use a lens as the primary mirror, and light rays are refracted between the lens and the mirror and gathered at a point called the "focal plane". For a long time, the appearance of the thin film of the refracting telescope was similar to that of Galileo 100 years ago.

The times are not much different, but it is modern high-quality optical glass. Through software, multi-layer coating technology, you can experience the wonderful sky that Galileo never dreamed of. Refracting telescopes are simple mechanical designs.

The design that is highly reliable and easy to use. The focal length is determined by the length of the tube, so refracting telescopes that are usually more than 4 inches can become very bulky and expensive. Refracting telescopes have a limited economic aperture, but they are still true for beginners who like the ease of use and versatility of operation.

It's a good choice. Because of the wide field of view, high contrast.

Good definition, refracting telescopes are also popular choices. Advantages of refracting telescopes: easy to install and use, simple and reliable design, little or no maintenance, observation of the moon, planets, double stars, especially large-aperture products, easy to see the ground, no need for a second mirror or center occlusion, high contrast, small chromatic aberration design and excellent APO high achromatic and fluorite design specifications.

2. Reflecting telescopes.

This kind of mirror was first Newton.

Invented, its water mirror is a concave reflector, there is no chromatic aberration, and the concave is rotating. The surface of the water can eliminate old tea. The concave surface is coated with a reflective coating, usually aluminum. Reflecting telescope mirrors are short and easy to make because of the manufacture of larger aperture, modern large astronomical telescopes.

Almost without exception, they are reflective structures. In addition to the main objective, the structure of the reflecting telescope is equipped with one or more small mirrors that can change the direction of the light, making it easy to install folding glasses. The incident light of a reflective telescope is only reflected on the surface of the objective lens, so the internal mass of the optical glass is lower than that of a refractor.

Third, the catadioptric telescope.

The objective lens of a refracting telescope consists of a combination of a refractor and a mirror. The primary mirror is a spherical reflector, and the auxiliary is a lens used to calibrate the aberration of the primary mirror. This kind of telescope has a large field of view and strong light power, which is suitable for observing meteors and comets to survey the sky and find new celestial bodies.

Depending on the shape of the auxiliary mirror, folding mirrors can be classified as Schmidt.

structure and Maksotov junction structure, large electronic field of view, small aberrations. The latter is easy to manufacture.

There are many, for example, there are refracting telescopes, and refracting telescopes are divided into two types, respectively, there are concave lenses as eyepieces called Galilean telescopes, and convex lenses as eyepieces called Kepler telescopes. There are also reflecting telescopes, radio telescopes, space telescopes, twin telescopes, solar telescopes, infrared telescopes, digital telescopes and many more.

The types of optical telescopes are: the optical types of telescopes are divided into refraction, reflection, catadioptric reflection, ridge prism, compound prism, prosmo, Newtonian reflection, etc.

Reflecting telescopes, catadioptric telescopes, and refractive telescopes are divided into three types, but the light power of the catadioptric telescope is relatively strong, and it is especially suitable for observing celestial bodies in the universe, and many astronomy enthusiasts will use the catadioptric telescope.

Proprismatic type, roof prism type, compound prism type, Newtonian reflection type, and catadioptric type are all more important telescopes, all of which are refractive type.

Difference Between Microscope and Telescope :

One. Microscope :

1. Function: used to observe subtle objects or subtle parts of objects;

2. Principle: According to the imaging principle of the convex lens, it is necessary to go through the two imaging of the convex lens, first use a convex lens close to the object to make the object into a magnified real image, and then use another convex lens close to the eye to magnify the real image again, you can see very small objects;

3. Composition: It is composed of a lens or a combination of several lenses, and the lens close to the object is called the objective lens, and its focal length is shorter; The lens closest to the eye is called an eyepiece, and its focal length is slightly larger than that of the objective lens, and the distance between the two lenses can be adjusted.

Two. Telescope :

1. Function: Use the telescope to see distant objects clearly;

2. Composition: It is composed of two groups of convex lenses. The one close to the object is called the objective lens, and the focal length is longer; The one close to the eye is called the eyepiece, the focal length is shorter, and the second focal point of the objective lens coincides with the first focal point of the eyepiece;

3. Principle: The function of the objective lens is to make the distant object into a real image near the focal point, and the role of the eyepiece is equivalent to a magnifying glass, which is used to magnify the image.

1. The optical path diagram of the microscope is:

2. There are two types of optical path diagrams for telescopes.

1) Kepler telescope optical path diagram.

2) Diagram of the Galilean telescope's optical path.