What are the characteristics of kindergarten education?

Brought to life. The age characteristics and physical and mental development needs of children determine the breadth of kindergarten education goals and contents, and also determine the education and teaching principles of the integration of education and education. For children, in addition to the learning content of understanding the world around them and enlightening their minds, some basic life and basic attitudes required for "being a person"; and abilities, such as hygiene habits, self-care skills, and social interactions; Abilities, etc., all need to be learned.

However, such a wide range of learning content cannot be completed only by relying on educational and teaching activities designed and organized by teachers, nor can it be achieved through word of mouth. Even cognitive learning must be closely integrated with children's life experiences in order to be understood and accepted by children. Therefore, the kindergarten curriculum has a strong life-oriented characteristics - the content of the curriculum comes from the children's life, and the curriculum is implemented throughout the children's daily life.

Gamification. Play is in line with the age characteristics of children, can meet the various physical and mental needs of children, is the basic activity of kindergarten, but also one of the basic principles of early childhood education. In essence, play is a kind of free and spontaneous subjective activity of children themselves, which has many values for children's development.

Play is the basic form of activity for young children, and it is also the basic way for young children to learn. Therefore, play plays a very important role in the kindergarten curriculum. Activity and direct experience.

Young children learn about the world mainly through their senses. Only on the basis of gaining rich perceptual experience can children understand things and form a relatively abstract and generalized understanding of things. Children's cognitive mode and cognitive characteristics with action and image make the kindergarten curriculum must take children's active participation in educational activities as its basic form of existence and components.

For young children, learning is meaningful only when learning is through activity, and comprehension learning is only learning based on direct experience. Potentiality. In essence, kindergarten education is a purposeful and planned educational process, and the kindergarten curriculum also has clear curriculum objectives and basic learning areas, but due to the characteristics of children's physical and mental development and learning, the kindergarten curriculum is not reflected in the curriculum, teaching materials, and classrooms, but in life, games and other forms of activities that children like to see.

Although how to create an environment and how to support children's exploration and learning are carefully designed by teachers according to the purpose and content requirements of the kindergarten curriculum, these contents, objectives and requirements only exist in the teacher's consciousness and actions, and children cannot clearly understand them. Young children feel more about the environment, activities, materials, and teacher behavior than the educator's educational goals and expectations. In other words, the kindergarten curriculum is implicit in the environment, materials, activities, and teachers' behaviors, and subtly works on young children.

It focuses on cultivating children's good living habits and physical and mental health development. Learning knowledge is secondary. After all, such a young child ... Kindergarten education is something that cannot be learned at home.

Kindergarten education is characterized by safety first, food first; Friendship first, enlightenment first; Habits come first, parents come first. This is not difficult for teachers to do, and it is a big event for children that will last a lifetime!

Kindergartens should provide children with a healthy and rich living and activity environment to meet their multifaceted developmental needs, so that they can gain beneficial experiences for physical and mental development in a happy childhood.

To put it simply. That is, 1, according to the physiological characteristics and growth and development of children, 2, constantly change the means of education, to adapt to the growth of children.

This question should be divided into large classes, small classes or preschool classes. The current education model is exam-oriented education, and kindergarten children have to learn the first and second grades of primary school before going to school, which is really sad, and parents think that only in this way can their children keep up with it in school. Anyway, I still learn the curriculum of elementary school.

Kindergarten children also have exams to go to school.

1.Brought to life.

2.Gamification.

3。Active and direct experience.

4.Potentiality.

1. Life

The age characteristics and physical and mental development needs of children determine the breadth of the goals and contents of early childhood education, and also determine the teaching principle of the integration of education and protection. The kindergarten curriculum has a strong life-oriented feature - the content of the curriculum comes from the life of children, and the implementation of the curriculum runs through the daily life of children.

2. Gamification

Play is in line with the age characteristics of children, can meet the various physical and mental needs of children, is the basic activity of kindergarten, but also one of the principles of early childhood education. Therefore, early childhood education has the characteristics of gamification.

3. Activation

For many children, meaningful learning is learning through activity, and learning based on direct experience is comprehensible learning.

4. Potentiality

The kindergarten curriculum is embedded in the environment, materials, activities, and teachers' behaviors, and subtly works on young children.

5. Enlightenment

Kindergarten is an institution that provides care and education for children aged 3-6 years old, so kindergarten education is mainly to provide children with learning experience and lay the foundation for their lifelong growth.

1. Basic and enlightenment: From the perspective of educational physique, kindergarten education is the initial link of the school system and the foundation of the entire school system. As the carrier of preschool education, the kindergarten curriculum directly affects the current development of children and lays the foundation for their future and even lifelong development.

From the perspective of human development, children are in the initial stage of life development, and they are the beginning of stepping into society from ignorance, so the preschool curriculum does not seek to impart knowledge of profoundness and system, but only allows children to experience the most superficial knowledge and concepts about nature, society and human beings, to help children understand the world around them, open children's wisdom and heart, and germinate their good personality and quality.

2. Comprehensiveness and life: Kindergarten curriculum is a means to achieve the goal of early childhood education, and is an intermediary to achieve the comprehensive development of children, therefore, the kindergarten curriculum should be aimed at achieving the harmonious development of children in physical, cognitive, emotional, social and other aspects, and should be comprehensive.

3. In real life, children can acquire knowledge and acquire attitudes by interacting with a large number of people and things; Experience emotions and form personalities. Therefore, the kindergarten curriculum must have a strong life character. The content of the curriculum should come from the life of young children, and the implementation of the curriculum should run through the life of young children.

4. Activity and direct experience: The characteristics of children's physical and mental development determine that children mainly understand the world through their senses. On the basis of rich perceptual experience, children understand things and form a relatively abstract understanding of the world.

The cognitive characteristics of children's action and image make the kindergarten curriculum must take children's active participation in educational activities as its basic components. The direct experience gained by children in activities is the foundation of children's development and the foundation of children's understanding of the world.

5. Potentiality: Compared with the primary and secondary school curriculum, one of the outstanding features of the kindergarten curriculum is the potential and concealment of the curriculum. Of course, there are implicit curricula in primary and secondary school curricula, but after all, the power of explicit curricula is much stronger.

1. Extensiveness

Different from the subject teaching of other schools at all levels, kindergarten education activities involve children's one-day activities, including teaching activities, life activities, sports activities, game activities and other regular activities. Therefore, in terms of the scope of kindergarten educational activities, kindergarten educational activities have the characteristics of extensiveness.

2. Integration

From the perspective of the content of children's psychological development, it involves the development of children's physical, cognitive, emotional, social and other aspects, rather than the isolated development of a certain aspect. Therefore, in order to adapt to the characteristics of children's psychological development, kindergarten education activities should be integrated, and the comprehensive and integrated educational activities should promote the comprehensive and harmonious development of children.

Integration, also known as synthesis, refers to the combination of different types and properties of things so that they become a whole. The characteristics of the integration of kindergarten educational activities are mainly manifested in the fact that the content of each learning area of children is integrated, rather than separated from each other. The integration of kindergarten educational activities is mostly based on a certain "theme" close to children's life, and organically connects and organically infiltrates the educational content in various fields such as health, language, science, society and art, so as to promote the comprehensive and harmonious development of children.

3. Enlightenment

Pre-school education is the foundation stage of basic education, and kindergarten is an institution for early childhood enlightenment. In addition, children mainly think about concrete images, and their abstract logical thinking is not perfect enough, and their cognitive development level is low. Therefore, the status of preschool education and the thinking and cognitive characteristics of young children determine that kindergarten education activities should be enlightening.

Specifically, the knowledge and experience imparted to children by kindergarten education activities must be superficial and not too difficult.

For example, in the content and requirements of "understanding various ethnic groups in China" in the theme activity of "I am Chinese" in the kindergarten class, the enlightening characteristics of kindergarten education activities determine that teachers do not need to pursue children to completely recite the names of all ethnic groups, but only need to know several major ethnic groups and understand the interesting customs and typical characteristics of these main ethnic groups.

For example, the content and requirements of "understanding the map of China" and "traveling to various parts of the motherland" do not require children to grasp the accurate location of all provinces and cities on the map, but only need to understand the names and geographical locations of major cities and places in China. Another example is the "understanding of the concept of numbers" in the primary and intermediate classes, which should combine numbers and images (such as physical objects, digital cards, etc.), rather than understanding abstract numbers alone.

Fourth, interesting

The Kindergarten Work Rules point out that play is an important form of education for the all-round development of young children. The "Kindergarten Education Guidance Outline (Trial)" points out that kindergarten education is based on games. Therefore, in kindergarten education activities, there are not only children's autonomous, spontaneous and free game activities, but also teachers' life, sports, teaching and other activities using gamification methods.

The pleasant characteristics of independent play activities, as well as the insertion and penetration of game components in various educational activities, make the kindergarten educational activities lively and lively, so as to have interesting characteristics.

The characteristics of educational activities in kindergarten are as follows:1. Integration.

Kindergarten education activities mainly include five areas: health, language, society, science and art, and each area is related to each other, for example, the scene in the story is drawn, which reflects the characteristics of integration.

2. Life.

Lifestyle emphasizes that all aspects of early childhood education activities originate from life and are fed back to life.

3. Fun.

Fun emphasizes that the content of the activity should meet the needs and interests of children, and the main form of activity is play.

4. Dynamics.

1) Dynamics emphasize that activities are changing, not rigid and immutable.

2) Dynamics in the event environment. The process of constituting a new environment should be constantly adapted to the child's interests and interaction with the environment, according to the flow of educational activities. For example, the environmental innovation of our kindergarten must be replaced regularly, which reflects the dynamic nature of our educational activities.

Principles of educational activities in kindergartensThe education of morality, intelligence, physical fitness and aesthetics should penetrate and organically combine with each other; Follow the laws of children's physical and mental development, pay attention to individual differences, teach according to people, and guide children's active and healthy development; For all children, love children, adhere to the comprehensive education of positive encouragement, inspiration and induction; Create a good environment suitable for education, and provide opportunities and conditions for children to move and express their abilities; Games are the basic activities, and education is integrated into various activities.

Integration. 1) The goal of kindergarten education activities is a complete system in itself, which is a target structure system composed of multiple fields and multiple levels.

2) The content of kindergarten educational activities also reflects the characteristics of integration: integration within the same field of activity; Integration between different areas of activity.

3) Integration also reflects the resources, methods, forms and means of socks in kindergarten educational activities.

Living. 1) The content of kindergarten educational activities. The content of educational activities should focus on making existing knowledge relevant to the child's life world and to the child's experience and needs.

2) Kindergarten educational activities in terms of approach, environment and place. The implementation of kindergarten education activities is infiltrated into the daily life of children, and all aspects of kindergarten life are effective ways to implement and implement educational activities.

Interesting. 1) The content and form of the activity. On the premise of conforming to and being close to the life that children are familiar with, and choosing a vivid and interesting way, we can cater to children's nature, arouse children's enthusiasm, arouse children's enthusiasm and promote children's development.

2) The variety of activity environments and materials. Kindergarten educational activities provide or create novel and changeable environments and materials for children, which can satisfy children's curiosity and stimulate their desire; The environment and materials that can be used for operation and experimentation can satisfy children's active nature and stimulate children's thinking; Natural, authentic environments and materials can satisfy children's desire to return to nature, and promote children's bold experience and active creativity.

Dynamics. 1) The dynamics of the activity process. The process of educational activities is not radical and immutable, but a dynamic process of continuous interaction.

The chain interaction in kindergarten education activities includes not only the behaviors and processes that influence each other between teachers and children, but also the interaction between children and children.

2) Dynamics in the event environment. The dynamics of the educational environment refers to the continuous adjustment and reconstitution of the environment according to the child's interests and interaction with the environment, according to the flow of educational activities.