Several problems of the French Enlightenment period

Look at high school history books, they have them all.

Rousseau's thoughts: resolutely denying feudal royal power, advocating the theory of "social contract" and "popular sovereignty", he believed that the people had the right to overthrow the ruler if he violated the will of the people. Oppose the abuse of power by individuals.

Voltaire advocated natural human rights and believed that all men are created equal, which was also the leading idea of the Enlightenment, so Voltaire was the leader of the Enlightenment!

The idea of separation of powers was first put forward by Locke, but the three powers proposed by Locke refer to the legislative, executive and foreign powers, Montesquieu developed Locke's idea of separation of powers, his three powers are executive, legislative and judicial, which is the modern separation of powers. But the idea of separation of powers, which is generally referred to, was first put forward to refer to the original three powers, that is, Locke!

Rousseau's thought resolutely repudiated feudal royal power and advocated a "social contract" and "popular sovereignty."

I studied it all in high school.

2 is Locke, Montesquieu developed his ideas. There are original words in other textbooks, so summarize them yourself.

1.Voltaire was the standard-bearer of the French bourgeois Enlightenment in the eighteenth century, and was hailed as "the king of ideas", "the best poet of France", and "the conscience of Europe". He advocated natural human rights, believing that all human beings are born free and equal, and that all people have the right to pursue survival and happiness, and that this right is natural and cannot be taken away, which is the idea of natural human rights.

2.Locke 3He believed that all rights belonged to the people, and that the people had the right to appoint them and to remove them, until the rulers who enslaved and oppressed the people were abolished. This is the idea of popular sovereignty.

1.Voltaire believed in the doctrine of natural rights, believed that "all men are essentially equal" and demanded that everyone have "natural rights". He advocated equality before the law, but believed that inequality of property rights was inevitable.

2.The idea of separation of powers was first proposed by Locke. Including legislative power. Enforcement Rights. External rights.

Watch me answer the questions manually.

The core proposition of Enlightenment thought is to focus on rationalism, using logical wisdom and thinking to solve problems.

Pursue scientific equality and oppose ecclesiastical superstition (anti-theocracy).

Social proposition (anti-feudal) that advocates the rule of man to the rule of law

In the final analysis, the background is the improvement of the social productive forces, the development of the capitalist economy, and the growth of the strength of the bourgeoisie.

Britain was the first to complete the industrial revolution, the bourgeoisie was the most powerful, and the final victory of the bourgeois revolution in England at the end of the seventeenth century, the process and experience provided the soil for the Enlightenment to be first proposed in Britain.

The earliest Enlightenment thinkers.

British Locke. The main activity was in the XVII century.

One end point that needs to be distinguished is that the bourgeois revolution in England was not based on Locke's ideas, but with the bourgeois revolution, Locke's ideas gradually took shape.

After the victory of the bourgeois revolution in England (the Glorious Revolution), Locke published two important articles, both titled "On the **", and in the first article published in 1689, he refuted Sir Robert Filmore's "On the Natural Rights of the King", completely rejecting Fillmore's idea of the divine right of kingship.

In the second book of 1690, Locke argues that the power of the ruler should come from the consent of the governed, and that the sole purpose of establishing the state is to ensure the security of society and the natural rights of the people. When the actions of the ** are contrary to this purpose, the people have the right to take action and even take power back in a violent way. This is also a term of social contract theory.

Locke's endorsement of the social contract, the protection of private property, and the creation of a unique method of separation of powers, in which executive and diplomatic powers were vested in the king and legislative power in parliament, developed the dual monarchy of Germany, and Montesquieu's doctrine of separation of powers, which was important in the Enlightenment.

I'm exhausted!

The Enlightenment first made full ideological preparations for the French Revolution. The ideas of natural human rights, separation of powers, freedom, equality, democracy and the rule of law, propagated by the Enlightenment, promoted revolution and reform. It also had a great influence on Asian countries after the 19th century, for example, it encouraged a group of people with lofty ideals in modern China and Japan to struggle for social transformation.

The Enlightenment, usually refers to an era of new ideas emerging between the 17th and 18th centuries in the French Revolution, which, together with rationalism, constituted a longer period of cultural movement. The Enlightenment of this period covered various fields of knowledge, such as natural science, philosophy, ethics, political science, economics, history, literature, education, and so on. The Enlightenment provided the framework for both the American Revolution and the French Revolution, and led to the rise of capitalism and socialism, coinciding with the Baroque period in history and the Neoclassical period in art history.

The description of the French Enlightenment is not accurate. Huai key years.

a.Its ideological connotation is very broad.

b.Its occurrence and development have their own special background.

c.None of the above is true.

d.The growth of the economic power of the bourgeoisie is the root cause of its social uplift.

Correct answer: c

1. The French Enlightenment was a magnificent liberation movement in France in the eighteenth century, which laid the foundation for the later revolutions.

2. The French Enlightenment was the eve of the French Revolution, which laid a solid foundation for the subsequent rapid economic and social development of the West politically, ideologically and theoretically, and had a profound and crucial impact on the entire modern Western civilization, and finally made France enter the ranks of modern civilized developed countries.

3. The French Enlightenment was an anti-feudal ideological emancipation movement guided by rationalism.