What are the main clinical manifestations of Parkinson s

The clinical manifestations of Parkinson's are:

1. Movement disorder: it can be summarized as akinesia, reduced movement, and slow movement.

2. Tremor: manifested as slow rhythmic tremor, often starting from one finger and affecting the entire upper limbs, lower limbs, jaw, lips and head, 4 to 6 tremors per second.

3. Rigidity: It is muscle stiffness, resulting in stiffness of the muscles of the limbs, neck and face, and a sense of labor, heaviness and weakness when the limbs are moved, and there may be stiffness of facial expressions and a decrease in blinking movements, resulting in a "mask face", the body bends forward, and the walking, neck and turning movements are particularly slow and difficult. When walking, the coordinated swing of the upper limbs disappears, the stride length is shortened, and combined with the flexion posture, the patient can walk with broken steps and forward movements, which we call "panic gait".

Parkinson's disease usually occurs at the age of 40 to 70, the incidence increases after the age of 60, and the onset is rare before the age of 30, and the main clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease are limb tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity and gait disorders and other motor symptoms. In addition, there are a variety of non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, psychotic symptoms, sleep disturbances, paresthesias, and urine and fecal disorders.

The main clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease are as follows:1Resting tremor, often the first symptom of Parkinson's disease, mostly starts from the distal end of one upper limb such as a finger, and gradually extends to the lower limb on the same side and the opposite limb, the tremor amplitude of the upper limb is more obvious than that of the lower limb, the typical resting tremor is the thumb and flexed index finger in a pill-like motion, the frequency is 4 6 Hz, it appears at rest, aggravates when nervous, decreases when it moves will, and disappears during sleep.

2.Muscle rigidity, due to extrapyramidal lesions, causes the flexor and extensor muscles to increase at the same time, and when the patient's limb is passively moved, it feels like a lead tube-like rigidity, which can also be called lead-tube hypertonia. If the patient is accompanied by tremor, the examiner may also feel a staccato pause in uniform resistance, as if a gear is turning, called cogwheel rigidity or cogwheel hypertonia.

3.Slowness of movements, difficulty initiating. Patients present with a decrease in voluntary movements, including initiation.

Facial expression muscle activity is reduced, and binocular gaze, blinking, and masked face are common. When writing, the smaller it becomes, the lowercase sign appears. 4.

Postural gait abnormality, in advanced patients, presents with a typical special posture, head tilted forward, trunk flexion, upper extremity elbow flexion, forearm adduction, wrist and finger joint extension, thumb to palm, lower extremity hip and knee slightly flexed. When walking, the lower limbs are dragged, gradually changing to a small gait, it is difficult to start, rushing forward after starting, walking faster and faster, and cannot stop or turn in time, which is called panic gait.

The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is currently unknown, and it is thought that it may be related to uncontrollable factors such as genetics and aging, and long-term exposure to pesticides, herbicides, and certain industrial chemicals is thought to be a risk factor for Parkinson's disease.

The main symptoms of Parkinson's disease are:

1. Resting tremor: often the first symptom, mostly starting from the distal end of one side of the upper limb, rhythmic stretching of the fingers and thumb-to-palm movement, appearing when at rest, aggravated when nervous, relieved when moving at will, disappearing during sleep, and can gradually expand to the upper and lower limbs on the same side or contralateral side.

2. Muscle rigidity: manifested as an increase in flexor and extensor muscle tension at the same time, which can be divided into two types: "lead tube-like rigidity" and "gear-like rigidity".

3. Slow movements: manifested as decreased voluntary movements, sluggish active movements, dull expressions, two-eye gaze, and reduced blink of sight.

Parkinson's disease is primarily differentiated from other causes of parkinsonism. Parkinsonism is a broad category that includes primary Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's superposition syndrome, secondary parkinsonism, and hereditary degenerative parkinsonism. Asymmetry of symptoms and signs, resting tremor, and sensitivity to levodopa preparations** are often suggestive of primary parkinsonism.

Parkinson's disease is mainly manifested by symptoms such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, gait abnormalities, and even as the disease progresses, patients may also have non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders, constipation, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction.

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease mainly include symptoms that affect movement (motor symptoms) and symptoms that are not related to exercise (non-motor symptoms).

Motor symptoms. The four major motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease include:

Resting tremor, which is the vibration or tremor that occurs at rest. The person's hands, arms, or legs may be affected.

Muscle rigidity and muscle stiffness.

Sluggishness. Postural balance disorders, body balance, walking dysfunction.

The first symptom a patient may notice is tremor. This is one of the most common signs of the disease, but it is not present in all patients.

It is important to emphasize that not everyone with symptoms of muscle tremor is a Parkinson's disease patient.

Muscle tremors usually begin in one arm, leg, or one side of the body. Symptoms may worsen when the patient is awake and the arm or leg is motionless for a long time, and may be milder when the limb is moving or sleeping.

Over time, Parkinson's disease affects the muscles throughout the body, which can lead to problems such as difficulty swallowing or constipation.

There are two main types of Parkinson's symptoms, one is motor symptoms and the other is non-motor symptoms. The motor symptoms are mainly the patient's tremor paralysis, hand trembling, trembling, especially resting tremor, when it is placed on the leg, there will be a tremor like a rubbing pill, and there can also be facial muscle tremor, jaw tremor, head tremor, involuntary nodding, and involuntary jaw tremor. Then there is the movement disorder, that is, the movement is reduced, the lower limbs are stiff when walking, and the walking is a small broken step, the faster and faster you walk, you can't stop, and you are easy to fall.

There are also autonomic symptoms, and patients often have autonomic symptoms such as increased facial oil, facial sweating, constipation, and drooling. There is also a non-motor symptom, mainly anxiety, depression, the patient is depressed, timid, easy to lose his temper, easy to sleep well, unable to sleep, wake up early, as well as cognitive decline, memory loss, judgment decline, and even some will have dementia, which is its non-motor symptoms. If Parkinson's patients have these symptoms, they should seek medical attention in time, and carry out corresponding ** according to motor and non-motor symptoms, mainly to alleviate the patient's pain.