Why did a hundred schools of thought contend during the Warring States Period?

That. 1. Political factors.

At that time, it was a period of great social change, social turmoil, and various vassal states.

There are many strife. That.

2. Economic factors.

At that time, there was a great economic development, which made it possible for certain people to become idle and have time to engage in their own academic activities.

That. 3. Scientific and technological factors.

Great progress has been made in science and technology, such as astronomy, mathematics, optics, acoustics, mechanics, medicine and other aspects have reached a high level at that time. These scientific and technological achievements indicate the improvement of people's level of understanding and enrich people's spiritual world and material life.

That. Fourth, cultural factors.

At that time"The Son of Heaven lost his official position and studied in Siyi", the result of which is broken"Learn in the government"The situation caused the cultural and academic monopolistic monopolistic of the aristocracy to spread to the lower strata of society and move down to the people (this historical phenomenon is called"Cultural downward shift"), caused"Private learning is thriving"。

That. 5. Academic Freedom Factor.

Academic societies are relatively independent of political power. Although they proceed from the interests of different social groups, they write books and lectures, discuss current affairs, expound philosophies, and form their own opinions, but they are not political vassals and are attached to a certain political power group"If you use me, you will stay, and if you don't use me, you will go"。

It is precisely because of the turmoil that the imprisonment of ideas is not obvious, and the social disunity will emerge different rulers, different talents, and there will be more development prospects, because aspiring people can have more room to display their talents, in other words, when the society is unified, the rulers will first have to imprison the people's thoughts, and only promote one thought, so correspondingly, there will be a great explosion of a certain idea in a certain period, so as to achieve a kind of prosperity, instead of a hundred schools of thought, Qin Shi Huang is like Qin Shi Huang's admiration of Confucianism, and other schools of thought will inevitably be suppressed quite a long time ago, of course As I mentioned earlier, space is also an important aspect, just like there is a turbulent ocean in front of us, and it is a time of war, and there are bound to be all kinds of fish in the water, and once it is unified, after political and military intervention, it becomes a fish pond, and a fish can grow, but there is no scene of a hundred schools of thought contending.

During the Warring States period, the princes were numerous and wars raged, and the new landlord class replaced the slave-owning class as the new rulers. This change is also reflected in the ideological and cultural aspects. Figures of different schools of thought representing different interest groups are seriously considering and analyzing the violently turbulent social situation, striving to come up with their own interpretations, proposing good ways to govern the world, and refuting the ideas and propositions of others.

Economically, the collapse of the well-field system has led to the rapid development of social productive forces and uneven economic development. The progress of production technology and the development of social economy have provided a material foundation for the prosperity of ideology and culture.

Ideologically, social thought is unprecedentedly active, and most of China's great thinkers appeared in this era. The rise of private learning and the emergence of the style of lecturing have created a group of thinkers who are knowledgeable, talented and dare to express their own views;

In terms of class, the emergence and activity of the intellectual-"scholar" class, and the prevalence of the "scholar" style in the society at that time. The drastic social changes and changes in class relations have contributed to the emergence of various political ideas and the formation of different philosophical schools.

In terms of policy, the princely states at that time were committed to enriching the country and strengthening the army, and the adoption of a relaxed policy on academic research was also closely related. Especially during the Warring States period, the vassal states tended to adopt a tolerant policy towards "scholars" and allowed academic freedom. This created good conditions for the "scholars" to write books and express their personal opinions, thus greatly promoting the emancipation of the mind during the Warring States period.

The political situation in which the princes competed for hegemony and the ideological situation in which a unified conceptual form had not yet been established provided a relaxed and good social environment for the spread of the ideas of the hundred schools of thought.

In short, the emergence of the situation of "a hundred schools of thought contending" is an inevitable reflection of the great changes in the economic foundation in the ideological field.

1. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the princes competed for hegemony, and all countries needed talents, which contributed to the situation of many talents. The so-called "talent" here mainly refers to "scholar".

2. Theoretical academic research and exchange on social issues. At that time, there was no control of culture, which created a social environment with a very free expression.

3. It is the result of teaching and disseminating culture.

Zhuzi Baijia: originally referred to the representatives of various ideologies and factions in the pre-Qin period, and was later used as a general term for various schools from the pre-Qin period to the early Han Dynasty.

The Hundred Schools of Thought come from: "Historical Records: The Biography of Qu Yuan Jia Sheng": "Tingwei Nai said that Jia Sheng was young and quite familiar with the book of the Hundred Schools of Princes. Emperor Wen summoned him as a doctor. ”

At that time, many thinkers were born in the same era, and they were all different ideas that merged with each other. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period have not yet been unified, so there will be various ideas put forward, all for the sake of long-term peace and stability of the country, social harmony and stability.

The contention of a hundred schools of thought is the first ideological emancipation movement in Chinese history, an important milestone stage in the development of China's academic culture and thought, and a foundation for the development of Chinese ideology and culture. They argued with each other, influenced each other, and learned from each other, effectively promoting the development of ideology and culture.

<> played a huge role in the development of social history at that time and later. For example, respecting history and conforming to nature have become our magic weapons to deal with the closed situation in Fuzhou. This is the meaning of a hundred schools of thought more than 2,000 years later.

The important stage of academic culture, ideological and moral development laid the foundation of China's entire feudal culture.

In the process of a hundred schools of thought, each school and faction learned from each other to form traditional Chinese culture.

system. It has also formed the characteristics of inclusiveness, inclusiveness and openness of Chinese ideology and culture. (Confucianism.)

It was formed and developed in the process of absorbing and integrating the strengths of different cultures, and later became the mainstream of traditional Chinese culture). We learned how to live from Confucianism, from Taoism.

I learned how to distinguish right from wrong, how to use the law to protect my legitimate rights and interests from the Legalists, how to build projects from the Mohists, what to learn from the Thirty-six Strategies of One Town, how to distinguish Chinese Feng Shui culture from the Yin-Yang Family, and how to debate from celebrities. From the Zongheng family.

There we learned how to convince others, from the peasants' agriculture is the foundation of the nation's construction, from the ** family learned how to squeeze juice, and even we learned from the saints how to collect a lot, in short, we can always learn from them the wisdom and survival skills we need, which is a precious treasure left to us by all experts.

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The formation of a cultural system is also a movement to solve Wang He's struggle, and it is also a major milestone, which has also allowed more people to develop their own ideas and produced many genres.

The contention of a hundred schools of thought promoted the preparation system of China's traditional Wenfeng, and also laid the foundation for the Chinese traditional Wenluo, so that Chinese culture could be better developed, which could also reflect the very high cultural level of people at that time, and also let people's thoughts at that time be understood.

The significance of the major hall is that it has formed the traditional system of Chinese culture, and it has also liberated and burned the ideology of China, promoted China's development, laid the foundation for ideological development, and improved more in culture.

It laid the foundation of the system of traditional Chinese culture, promoted social reform, promoted the great chaos of cultural thought, and promoted the first large-scale liberation movement in Chinese history, which is the only important milestone in the history of Chinese academic and cultural thought.

There are political, economic, cultural, scientific, technological, and academic reasons, which are detailed below;

1. Political reasons. At that time, the society was in an era of great changes, the society was in turmoil, and the vassal states established their own countries one after another, in order to be in a hegemonic position in the competition, so the vassal states at that time recruited and absorbed talents, and wanted to use different doctrines to make their countries stronger. Such an environment provides a good academic environment for scholars from all walks of life, and also provides a good academic atmosphere for hundreds of schools of thought to contend.

2. Economic reasons. The rapid economic development of the time allowed some scholars to obtain things without having to work on their own. In the case of economic easing, they were able to continue their doctrine.

3. Cultural reasons. The official positions that were originally only hereditary nobles were gradually allowed to be held by lower-class scholars, and the status of the common people was improved. It promoted the development of culture and education, so there was even a wave of going to school at that time.

4. Scientific and technological reasons. At that time, science was greatly developed, such as optics, acoustics, mathematics and medicine. The development of academia also shows the improvement of people's living standards, and at the same time enriches people's spiritual and cultural world.

5. Academic reasons. Although scholarship was very popular at that time, it was not like the previous academic power, which was independent, but did not depend on various political forces, but existed independently. Therefore, although various academic schools struggle with each other, they still learn from each other and learn from each other in the struggle, which forms an academic atmosphere in which a hundred schools of thought contend.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the rapid development of social productive forces promoted the development of commerce and the prosperity of towns at that time. Traditional culture has been violently impacted, and at the same time, because of the exchange of various academic cultures, many famous teachers have emerged.

In the long history of our country, the culture and ideas that emerged during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were brilliant and of great significance to the development of history. Nowadays, we can get a glimpse of the cultural pomp of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period from the precious historical materials, which was an important period in Chinese history because it built the foundation of Chinese civilization. Why did there be a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the development of culture reached its peak?

In fact, it is related to the following three factors.

1. Economic and political changes The Zhou royal family in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period weakened rapidly, making other princes compete to establish a country, in order to get better resources and talents, so the social changes were greater, and at the same time, in order to enhance the national strength, they kept competing, so they had many views on social changes, and truly realized freedom of thought. In addition, the collapse of the economic well field system, coupled with the emergence of iron tools at that time, the use of iron tools was widely promoted, and the importance of cattle farming was widely promotedIn this way, the economy has developed rapidly, and on this basis, these people with lofty ideals have the conditions to specialize in academics.

Second, the class change in the beginning, the class contradiction is very large, at the same time, the class gap is serious, but the social situation in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period broke the class concept, so the "scholar" class rose, the leaders of the various vassal states put down their figures, these "scholars" courtesy, and the scholars in order to be able to be reused, so they have expressed their own way of governing the country, hoping to be adopted by the rulers.

3. Ideological and Academic FreedomDuring the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the study of knowledge was no longer confined to the government, but allowed the establishment of private schools, which provided the conditions for the children of the common people to go to school, so a group of knowledgeable scribes were produced, which provided an important foundation for academic development. In addition, the most important thing is academic freedom, because the political power is relatively independent, so each academic group can act according to the interests of the social group to which it belongs, and in order to be recognized, they not only write books, but also talk about freedom. Due to the competition for talents in various countries, these literati have a great deal of freedom to come and go.

There was also a reason for the emergence of a hundred schools of thought during the Warring States period, because there were many small countries at that time, and these countries needed to change and strengthen their strength, and different schools of thought emerged at this time.

There are four main aspects.

1. At that time, it was in a period of great social change, with social turmoil and disputes. In order to gain supremacy in the struggle, the vassal states recruited talented people and used different ideas and theories to make their countries rich and powerful.

Second, the social productive forces have been greatly developed, and people have been freed from heavy production and have time to engage in their own academic activities.

3. Great progress has been made in science and technology, such as astronomy, mathematics, optics, acoustics, mechanics, medicine, and other aspects have reached a high level at that time, and scientific and cultural activities have broadened people's horizons and promoted the germination of ideas.

Fourth, the cultural and academic culture and scholarship that were originally monopolized by the aristocracy spread to the lower strata of society and moved down to the people, thus promoting the enlightenment of folk thought.