How large is the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang?

The first person to record the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang was the historian Sima Qian. He left a 160-character record in the "Records of the First Emperor of Qin". "Historical Records" records that the tomb of the first emperor "is more than 50 zhang high.

At that time, its height was about 115 meters. In 1961, the height of the local document was measured at 43 meters. In 1982, with the assistance of the engineers of Unit 8383, the author measured the sealed soil of the mausoleum again, and the measured result was that the height of the tomb was meters.

Later aerial surveys were conducted at similar altitudes. It can be seen that after more than 2,000 years of soil erosion, the height of the sealed soil has decreased by more than half compared with the original. The bottom edge of the sealed soil is rectangular.

It is 515 meters long from north to south and 485 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of nearly 250,000 square meters.

The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is in the shape of a covered bucket, now 51 meters high, and the circumference of the bottom edge is more than 1,700 meters.

The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is located at the northern foot of Lishan Mountain, 5 kilometers east of Lintong District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province.

The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang was built between 246 BC and 208 BC and lasted for 39 years, making it the first large-scale and well-designed imperial mausoleum in Chinese history. There are two rammed earth walls inside and outside, symbolizing the imperial city and the palace city of the capital. The mausoleum is located in the south of the inner city, is in the shape of a covered bucket, is 51 meters high, and the circumference of the bottom edge is more than 1,700 meters.

According to historical records, there are also various palaces built in the Qin Tombs, and many strange treasures are displayed. There are a large number of burial pits and tombs with different shapes and connotations around the Qin Tombs, and more than 400 have been discovered, including the world-famous "Eighth Wonder of the World" terracotta warriors and horses pit.

The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is one of the largest, most peculiar and richest imperial tombs in the world. It fully expresses the artistic ability of the Han working people in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago, and is the pride and precious wealth of the Chinese nation.

The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is bordered by Li Mountain in the south and Weishui in the north, covering an area of 56 square kilometers, which is equivalent to the area of 78 Forbidden City, which can be described as very huge. Lishan is a branch vein at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, stretching about 25 kilometers from east to west, about 7 kilometers wide from north to south, and about 1,000 meters above sea level.

Li Bai has a poem "700,000 prisoners, from Tuli Mountain", this sentence well reflects the scale of the construction of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, "Historical Records" records that Prime Minister Li Si is the designer of the mausoleum, Shaofu Ling Zhang Han is the chief worker, and the mausoleum was built to collect 720,000 people in the world.

At its peak, it was close to 800,000 people, equivalent to 8 times the number of people who built the Pyramid of Khufu (the largest pyramid in ancient Egypt), and it took nearly 40 years to build it, and the construction time was twice that of the Pyramid of Khufu, and the amount of work was equivalent to 16 times that of the Pyramid of Khufu in terms of manpower and construction time, which shows how huge this project is.

Structural features

The whole cemetery can be divided into four levels, that is, the underground palace city (underground palace) is the core part, and the others are the inner city, the outer city and the outer city in turn, each with its own priority and priority.

The core of the cemetery is the underground palace. The Qinling underground palace is located under the enclosed soil in the southern half of the inner city, which is equivalent to the "palace city" during the lifetime of Qin Shi Huang.

This is followed by the inner city. The inner city is the key construction area of the Qin Cemetery, and the ground and underground facilities in the inner city wall are the most, especially the southern half of the inner city is more dense. The western area of the northern half of the inner city is the annex area of the temple, and the eastern area is the burial area of the harem personnel.

This layout makes it clear that the southern part of the inner city is the key district and the northern part is the annexary area. The connotation of the two facilities in the north and south belongs to the scope of the palace.

The outer city is the outer city, that is, the outer outline part between the inner and outer city walls, and the ground and underground facilities in the western area are the most dense, and the relics and relics have not been found in the south and north districts. This layout shows that the western area of the outer city is the key area, and its connotation is to symbolize the stables, gardens and garden temples in the capital. Compared to the inner city, it is clearly in a subordinate position.

Finally, there is the area beyond the outer walls. There are three cemeteries, brick kiln sites and stone quarries, etc., and the official office and Liyi building ruins of the cemetery supervisors were found in the north, which belong to the status of the most subordinate edge.

The total area of the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is square kilometers. The original height of the tomb is about 115 meters, and it is still as high as 76 meters, there are two walls inside and outside the cemetery, the perimeter of the inner city is 3840 meters, and the perimeter of the outer city is 6210. The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is the mausoleum of the first emperor Yingzheng (259 BC and 210 BC) in Chinese history, and is one of the first batch of world cultural heritage sites and the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is the first emperor mausoleum in Chinese history, the cemetery is built in accordance with the principle of death as life, modeled on the layout of Xianyang, the capital of Qin, and is roughly in the shape of a hollow zigzag. With the fiefdom as the core, the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang has two walls inside and outside, and the city wall is set up on all sides of the tall barrier to the Qi Gate, which is shaped as the gift of the Son of Heaven of the three out of the Que, and is the place where the empire promulgates political and religious decrees. The magnificent gate and dormitory complexes, as well as more than 600 burial tombs and burial pits, together constitute the complete form of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang on the ground, and this form obviously imitates the palace and capital pattern of Xianyang, the capital of Qin.

Jianling. The Mausoleum of the First Emperor was the first emperor cemetery in Chinese history. Its huge scale and abundant burial objects rank first among the imperial tombs of all dynasties, and it is the largest emperor's tomb. The cemetery was built in accordance with the principle that Qin Shi Huang would enjoy glory and wealth after his death, and was built in accordance with the layout of Xianyang, the capital of Qin.

The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang covers an area up to. The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is the mausoleum of the first emperor in Chinese history Ying Zheng (259-210 BC), located at the northern foot of Lishan Mountain, 5 kilometers east of Lintong District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, where the terracotta warriors and horses pit in the "Eighth Wonder of the World" is located.

The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is one of the largest, most peculiar and richest imperial tombs in the world, and it is also the first large-scale and well-designed imperial mausoleum in Chinese history.

The main buildings of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang include city walls, sealed soil, underground palaces, palace walls, palace groups, etc., and the construction project is huge, the number of workers is large, and the duration is unprecedented.

The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang fully expresses the artistic talent of the Han working people in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago, and is the pride and precious wealth of the Chinese nation.