Why does Confucian benevolence criticize the Mohist love and love?

Although the Confucian "benevolence" and the Mohist "concurrent love" have their own opinions, they have similarities and differences.

place. Similarities:1They are all based on their own moral cultivation.

2.The objects are universal ("benevolence" is first based on family affection, and then extended from it, so the objects are also general. It is mainly "love", but the scope is limited, and the degree of "love" is different.

And "love", which advocates that all people receive and give the same amount of love as deeply, its scope is unlimited, and the degree of love is the same, which is more universal. ）

3.The purpose is the same (to achieve social peace through "loving others", to love oneself, to love relatives, to love others, so as to remove selfishness, to achieve the goal of harmony and friendship, their starting point is to put forward the principles of salvation theory and the purpose of achieving social harmony in response to the social anomie of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. ）

Mozi's "contemporaneous love" is based on fairness. ）

2.Achievability is different (Confucius's "benevolence" is a kind of love with equal differences, love the people closest to you, and then pass on this love layer by layer.) Mozi's "concurrent love" advocates that everyone loves to the same extent, there is no difference, and the love for others is no different from the love of relatives.

"Benevolence" is the fusion of heaven and humanity. Although it is more advanced than "benevolence", "concurrent love" is an idealization, which is unrealistic and difficult to achieve. ）

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1.The specific connotations are different.

Confucianism's "benevolence" is a differentiated love based on the patriarchal hierarchy and blood relations, and there is a hierarchical order, from "loving relatives" to "loving others", and finally "pan-loving people" according to the patriarchal hierarchical order, that is, respecting the lowly, the noble and the lowly, and loving others.

Mohist love is a kind of love that transcends blood relations, and this kind of love has no difference between intimacy, thickness and thinness, and nobility and inferiority, that is, "love and both" and "love without difference", so as to achieve the purpose of benefiting others as oneself, selflessness and altruism.

2.The propensity to love is different.

Confucian benevolence is "do not do to others what you do not want to do to yourself", "establish people as you want, and reach people as you want", advocate dedication, do not reciprocate, only seek to do your duty, but ask for your own rights. Have a strong sense of group and altruistic tendencies. From the perspective of utilitarianism, Mozi put forward the principle of reciprocity and mutual benefit

3.The implementation methods are different.

Confucianism believes that the practice of "benevolence" does not require the assistance of external forces. In the promotion of "benevolence", Confucius has always disbelieved in "heaven, ghosts, and gods", and he emphasized more on the inner consciousness of self-cultivation and love for others.

Mozi relied on supernatural forces in how to implement and implement the idea of "love": heaven, ghosts, and gods.

4.The specific classes represented are different.

Confucius's doctrine of "benevolence" represented the interests of the slave-owning aristocracy in a patriarchal society. Mozi represents the interests of small producers (peasants and craftsmen).

Similarities: 1. The roots of heaven and earth are the same, and Confucianism believes that "the benevolent person is the heart of heaven and earth creatures, and the people who receive it are the heart." That is, the heart of human benevolence comes from the heart of heaven and earth, and the Mohists believe that "the line of heaven is broad and selfless, its generosity is not virtuous, and its brightness is not decaying;

2. The basic connotation is the same, "benevolence" and "love", both of which show the universality of love, Confucius's "pan-love for all", and Mozi's "love for each other, and mutual benefit" both reflect the universality and extensiveness of love. It is obviously the same in advocating that everyone love each other, caring for the people, and opposing the bullying of the weak;

3. The social background and basic goals are the same, Confucius's benevolence and Mozi's love were both produced in the social turmoil of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, both with the ideal of stabilizing the country and ending the chaos and strife.

Differences: 1. The tendency of love is different, the Confucian benevolence is "do not do to others what you do not want", "you want to establish people, and you want to reach people" advocates dedication, not reciprocating, Mozi stood in the perspective of utilitarianism, put forward the principle of reciprocity and mutual reciprocity, "mutual benefit";

2. The specific classes represented, different from Confucius's doctrine of "benevolence" represent the interests of the slave owners and aristocrats in the patriarchal society. Mozi represents the interests of small producers.