What tools did firefighters use in ancient times to extinguish fires?

The earliest specialized fire brigade in China can be traced back to the Song Dynasty, when it was called the military patrol shop and the corner guard. The main task is to patrol at night, in short, it is to prevent problems before they happen, urge the people to turn off the lights on time, and fire hazards

For example, in the Song Dynasty, the palace lost a fire, and everyone knows that the ancient palace buildings were all wood and paper, which are basically flammable materials. In ancient times, science and technology were underdeveloped, and fire encountered flammable materials in a hurry. At that time, many people put out the fire after the fire in the Imperial Palace.

Raw water can't quench thirst, and in the end food is used to fight fires, but the effect is not great.

The fire burned for four days, and finally wiped out along with the farmers, shops, and the palace. It is recorded that more than 100,000 people were killed and wounded, and 100 people were missing, and the monarch at that time began to investigate the cause. It is said that it was because he accidentally injured the candle flame by drinking, and in the end the man was executed by the emperor.

In ancient times, the most advanced things that stored water were water bladders and buckets. No matter how afraid of fire or natural disasters the emperor was, he recaptured the large water tanks set up at the gates of several major palaces of the imperial palace. He was guarded all year round, and water was stored regularly.

In ancient times, fires were catastrophic. In addition to the large water tank, the monarch set up a watch, and reminded every day to be careful of the fire candles, and the weather is dry.

The big water tank is one of the main appliances for extinguishing fires in ancient times and even in the palace, such as the Forbidden City of the Ming and Qing dynasties, because the houses in the palace are mostly wooden, easy to **, for the need to fight fires, 308 large water tanks were placed in the palace, called "Taiping tank" or "auspicious tank".

Moreover, the palace can be said to take great care of these large water tanks, in summer, the water in the water tanks should be renewed daily to prevent odors and mosquitoes; In winter, the water tank should be "dressed and warm", and even if the weather is particularly cold, the large water tank should be heated with charcoal to prevent the water in the tank from freezing.

In ancient times, firefighters used water to extinguish fires, and used wooden barrels to extinguish fires, and I heard that the Qing Dynasty bought foreign water dragons to extinguish fires, and used fire safety administrators to call fire administration, and transported water to extinguish fires when fighting fires.

The existing large copper tank in the Forbidden City is used to store water and waterproof, as for the fire-fighting equipment, there are also fire-fighting organizations, such as fire-fighting clubs, fire-fighting clubs, water clubs, water bureaus, and water dragon bureaus. As for firefighting equipment, firefighting equipment known as "fire dragons" was already quite advanced at the time and was regarded as the prototype of modern fire trucks

Ancient fires were also called "walking water", so the ancient fire extinguishing tool was water, but there were also special watering tools, such as wooden barrels, water bladders, etc., and the ancient wells were not very far apart.

During the reign of Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were special fire-fighting tools such as water bags, water bladders, pumps, and hemp. During the Qing Dynasty, new foreign faucets began to be used, and firefighters at that time were rewarded with 1,400 wen for each fire, which was relatively good.

Ancient firefighters must have used water to extinguish fires, because every time a dormitory caught fire in those palaces, those subordinates would each carry a bucket to water it.

I think it should be the main thing to use water to extinguish the fire, mainly with a bucket to pour it on the ** place, in order to extinguish the fire, and then there are more convenient tools such as water bags.

In ancient times, the common fire extinguishing tool was a wooden bucket or water tank, which was placed in a specific place to fill the water tank in case of emergency, and later there were portable tools such as water hoses to discharge water.

In ancient times, buckets should be used to fetch water to extinguish fires, and to the place where the fire is burned, there will be some large water tanks filled with water in specific places in case of emergency

The ancient fire brigade looked like as follows:

In the law of the Tang Dynasty, the person who found the best did not report or put out the fire, which was a crime!

In the Song Dynasty, there was a fire brigade in the earliest sense in China, whose name was military patrol shop and defense corner; Song Renzong was set up after his old man ascended the throne. The main task of this fire brigade is to patrol at night and urge residents to turn off the lights on time. Don't read it at night, it's a fire hazard!

When fighting, there will be several units of the military patrol shop to cooperate closely. There are those who maintain order, those who resettle injured residents, those who rescue property, and those who extinguish fires. In the Song Dynasty, there was also a special lookout for fire warning, which was manned 24 hours a day, just like our current 119**.

Later, there has always been such an organization, which was called Fire Soldier Ding in the Yuan Dynasty and fire prevention class in the early years of the Qing Dynasty. In 1868, Hong Kong established the earliest modern fire brigade in China, and its members were volunteers convened by the British Governor in Hong Kong at that time.

Introduction of the fire fighting posture and bright team:

Fire brigade is a general term for all levels of emergency fire disciplined forces, enterprise full-time fire brigades, and volunteer fire brigades.

After receiving the fire alarm, the national comprehensive fire brigade and the full-time fire brigade must immediately rush to the fire scene to rescue the people in distress, remove the danger and extinguish the fire, which is the obligation of the fire brigade.

The world's first professional public fire brigade was born during the Song Dynasty in China.

Full-time fire brigade responsibilities are as follows:

1) Publicity, education and training on fire safety in the responsible area, and popularization of fire protection knowledge;

2) Conduct regular fire prevention inspections, urge relevant units and individuals to implement the fire prevention responsibility system, and eliminate fire hazards in a timely manner;

3) Establish fire prevention inspection files, and set up fire prevention signs in accordance with national regulations;

4) Master the roads, fire water sources, fire safety key units, key parts of the area of responsibility, etc., and establish corresponding fire protection business data files;

5) Formulate accident handling and fire extinguishing operation plans for key fire safety units and key parts, and organize regular drills;

6) To guide and train volunteer fire brigades;

7) Extinguish fires, protect fire scenes, assist relevant departments in investigating the causes of fires and dealing with fire accidents;

8) Regularly report to the fire and rescue agencies on the fire protection work;

9) Other duties that shall be performed in accordance with provisions.

The earliest fire brigade in China appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, and during the reign of Zhao Zhen of Song Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, a special fire protection agency was set up, and its establishment place was Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) in the Song Dynasty of China.

The world's earliest and China's earliest full-time fire brigade - the military patrol shop has been established for more than 1,000 years, its strict organization, numerous equipment, perfect system, in the history of the world's fire protection is unprecedented.

In the Song Dynasty, the most outstanding achievement of fire control to manage public affairs was the birth of the world's first urban fire brigade established by the state. This urban fire brigade, regardless of its organizational form and its essence, bears a striking resemblance to today's urban fire brigade. This national fire brigade was founded in Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty, perfected in Lin'an in the Southern Song Dynasty, to the twelfth year of Chunyou (1252) Lin'an has 20 fire brigades, 7 teams, a total of 5,100 people, is expected to fire 10 buildings.

In ancient China, fire protection, as an aspect of social security, was not separated from each other and set up a special agency. Starting from the "Two Thousand Stone Cao Shangshu" of the Han Dynasty's ** management agency and the "Zhijin Wu" of the capital, they are all "the main water and fire thieves", or "the Si is very watery" and "the cunning of the treacherous". The fire department and the security agency are always together, that is, the water and fire thieves are not separated.

This kind of public security and fire protection system has always been integrated until today, when the social division of labor has been quite refined, although China's fire control has a fairly independent management scope, but as far as the national system is concerned, the fire control and the maintenance of social order are still managed by the public security department, which is a historical tradition in China.

Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty has "one pavilion per street", with 16 street kiosks; There are 24 street pavilions in Luoyang City in the Eastern Han Dynasty. This kind of street pavilion in need is also known as the capital pavilion. In the Tang Dynasty, there was no pavilion in Chang'an, but there was a public security and fire protection organization of "Wuhoupu", which was distributed in various cities and squares.

This kind of "Wuhou Shop", 100 people in Dachengmen and 30 people in Dafang; There are 20 people in the small city gate and 5 people in the small square. Under the leadership of the left and right Jinwu's subordinates, the left and right Yi Mansion. Form a security and fire protection network system in the whole city.

Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty "has a military patrol shop for 300 steps per square and five soldiers", which is obviously the inheritance and development of the "Wuhou shop" system in the Tang Dynasty. There is no record of "military patrol shop" in the official history of Yuanhua, but in "Marco Polo's Travels", there is the same "shade outpost" as the military patrol shop. The imperial city inside and outside the Ming Dynasty is equipped with 112 "red shops", with 10 officers and soldiers per shop.

Although these are different, they are all grassroots public security and fire protection agencies in the city, which are equivalent to today's public security police stations or police booths. Wooden buckets are mainly used to extinguish fires, but there are also water hoses of various sizes: the wooden handle is pressed up and down, and the water in the bucket is pressed and sprayed through a soft water hose to the ignition point to extinguish the fire.

1. In ancient times, there were also fire fighting organizations, but they were not called fire stations, for example, there were fire extinguishing teams and fire fighting teams in the past, which were all fire extinguishing.

2. In the past, fire extinguishing mainly relied on manual work, equipped with water cylinders, hooks and other equipment, and later developed to be equipped with suction cylinders, and then equipped with horse-drawn fire trucks and pumps.

Ancient Chinese fire extinguishing was very backward, like the Forbidden City, which used a large water tank, extra-large, filled with water, and watered manually. There were also waterwheels, but the pressure was small, a bit like the pressurized wells now.

Yes, but it is usually only available in the palace.

There is a fire dragon team in the capital, but other cities don't know about it.

In ancient China, there was no fire station, but "fire division". The Zhou Dynasty was called Si Xuan and Si Yao, and the Song Dynasty was called the Fangyu and the Hidden Fire Army; The Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty were called firefighters; In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, it was called the fire prevention class; In the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1902), the word "firefighting" was imported from Japan, and it was called the fire brigade.

The ancients did not open doors and windows on the gables and back eaves walls on both sides of the building, and did not use combustible materials, which was called the wind and fire eaves, also known as the wind and fire eaves. This is a form of firewall. The outer city of the ancient palace and the inner city generally have a moat, that is, the so-called "Jincheng soup pool, deep ditch and high base", and several fires extinguished by the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties benefited from the water of the moat.

Ancient villages generally had small moats, which were used for domestic water, climate regulation, air purification, and more importantly, for fire prevention.

The Tang Dynasty began to use leather bags and splash canisters to extinguish fires. During the time of Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were water bags, water bladders, pumps, and hemp.

The tank that Sima Guang smashed in the tank, as well as the big water tank in the courtyard of the Forbidden City, are all for fire prevention and extinguishing. According to the records of the Great Qing Dynasty, there were 308 large vats in the Forbidden City. Due to the changes of history, there are still more than 200 left.

These large vats set up in front of the palace, called "Gate Sea", can store more than 3,000 liters of water each. In ancient times, there were special wells for fire fighting, which is now fire hydrants.

There is a special wooden cart called "firefighting dragon". Put water in the sink below, and the handles on both sides can press the water into the upper device, and connect the water pipe to extinguish the fire. In ancient times, in order to meet the needs of fire extinguishing, a cloud car ladder was also made with a ladder connection, and after it was raised, the firefighters climbed the ladder to extinguish the fire with fire extinguishing appliances such as water bags.

There are also two sides to the fire, and it is recorded in the "Spring and Autumn Period" that when the Song State was on fire during the Xianggong period, the countries in the battle all ceased war, and they went together to provide disaster relief to the Song State. There was also the Great Fire of London in 1666, which cut off the plague and burned St. Peter's Basilica; But the reconstruction work has boosted domestic demand and made Britain look alive.

<> what do you know about ancient fire safety? One is to use less flammable building materials, such as diamonds for walls; The second is to process flammable building materials to improve their fire resistance, such as applying lime plaster on the surface of wood. As early as the Neolithic Age, the Dadiwan culture found a "fireproof protective layer" built with a lack of soil structures, and the wooden pillars were coated with a layer of solid old fireproof paint and orpiment.

It is to smear the orpiment on the wall, and when the orpiment is burned, it will also produce a yellow-white smoke, so the orpiment can hinder the further expansion of the fire to a certain extent, and it can also play an alarm role. There is also a change in ancient times, always remind people that the weather is dry and dry, be careful of fire candles, prevention is mainly ancient house buildings are mostly made of wood, there is a big drawback that can not be avoided, that is, it is easier to catch fire. Especially in the palace complex, once ** is easy to spread, so fire prevention is more important for Chinese.

What did the ancients do about fire prevention measures? Fire prevention measures in the ancient Forbidden City. The first is to do a good job of isolation measures, taking the Forbidden City as an example, it was called the Forbidden City at that time, so many palaces, it is impossible to say that it is not ** at all.

In order to avoid being served by the raging fire, the best way for the Fu people is to do a good job of isolation. There are two methods of isolation in the Forbidden City, one is the separation wall. We can still see the partition walls built during the Ming Dynasty in the Forbidden City, and the difference between them and ordinary walls is that they are very thick, reaching as much as five meters.

Such a thick wall is completely a wall pier that separates the fire. The second is the isolation room, such as the Huangshi Palace in the east of Nanchizi Street in Beijing. It is a house made entirely of brick and glass, without a single piece of wood, not even beams.

Such a house is called a solid house, and it is used to insulate the fire. Because of its good fire performance, it cannot be wasted, and it was the royal archives of the Ming Dynasty at that time, and the "Yongle Canon" was collected here.