What are the laws of memory? What are the laws of memory and forgetting?

Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, the retention of memory process is different in time, there are two kinds of short-term memory and long-term memory.

The process of ordinary memory is: after the input information is learned by the person's attention process, it becomes the person's short-term memory, and then becomes the long-term memory after further strengthening. Long-term memory can be kept for a long time, and if it is not reviewed in time, these remembered things will be forgotten, and after timely review, long-term memory will continue to be maintained.

After the score, 42% were forgotten and 58% were remembered.

After hours, 56% were forgotten and 44% were remembered.

After days, 74% are forgotten and 26% are remembered.

After a week, 77% were forgotten and 23% were remembered.

After a few months, 79% were forgotten and 21% were remembered.

Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve

Memory has a pattern. According to the research of some scholars, the laws of memory include the following aspects.

1. The study of time law shows that the time to maintain memory is different for each repeated input of information. In the case of memorization of foreign language words, for example, the first time it may be a few seconds; The second and third times can range from a few minutes to a few hours; Repeating can be for days, or even months. The more repetitions, the longer the memory time.

2. Quantity lawWhen the amount of materials that need to be memorized is too large, it will bring difficulties to memory. Studies have shown that in this case, the memory may be more effective if the organization of memory is appropriately dispersed into several small units and then stored in turn.

3. The step-by-step law of the law of connection cognition reveals the intrinsic connection between old and new knowledge. Any acquisition of new knowledge is developed, derived or transformed from the original knowledge. Therefore, the memory of new information is conducive to knowledge storage through various forms of association with original knowledge (proximity association, similar association, contrast association, causal association, etc.), forming an organic connection between new and old knowledge.

4. Transformational memory: It is a process of continuous consolidation. There is a transformation process from instantaneous memory to short-term memory to long-term memory; There is also a transformation process from perception to comprehension and derivation of new knowledge. This process is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, and after qualitative change, external information can be firmly preserved in the mind for a long time.

5. Interference lawWhen a new information is input, there will be a mutual interference between it and the original knowledge reserve. First, the information before and after reinforces each other, which is called "positive interference"; The second is that the front and back information interfere with each other, which is called "negative interference". Positive interference is beneficial to memory, while negative interference inhibits memory, so students should make full use of positive interference and avoid negative interference when learning.

<> obviously, the best time to review is 1-24 hours after memorizing the material, and no more than 2 days at the latest. After this section, more than 72% of the material has been forgotten, so the review is "half the effort".

When reviewing homework, sometimes it feels as if you are encountering new knowledge, which is because the interval between revisions is too long. In the future, we should consciously use this rule, and we must not think that the time for review is the same.

Long-term memory: A memory that is retained in the mind for a long time after the information has been fully and deeply processed.

From the perspective of time, any memory that is kept in the mind for more than 1 minute is a long-term memory.

Long-term memory has a large capacity, and the stored information is also encoded in meaning. When we usually talk about good or bad memory, we mainly refer to long-term memory.

Although the instantaneous memory system, short-term memory system and long-term memory system each have their own characteristics of information processing, they are continuous and closely related from the perspective of time connection.

1. Juche law:

The longer the memory, the better the memory.

The clearer and more specific the purpose of memory, the better the memory effect.

The more self-confidence you have in the activity of memorization, the better the effect of memorization.

In the process of memorization, the more focused the attention, the better the effect of memory.

In the activity of memorization, the more active the brain thinking, the better the memory effect.

2. Object Law:

Memorizing meaningful material is more effective than memorizing meaningless material.

Memorizing visualized materials is better than memorizing boring and abstract materials.

Memorizing rhythmic, rhythmic materials is better than memorizing rhythmic, rhythmic materials.

Memorizing a well-organized article is more effective than memorizing a disorganized one.

Memorizing material that interests people is more effective than memorizing that makes people tired.

3. Party Law:

Memory of meaning is superior to mechanical memory.

Figurative memory is easy to remember abstractly.

Peculiar memory is superior to general memory.

4. Law of interference:

In the process of memorization, the closing part of the material is easy to remember, while the middle part is easy to forget.

In the process of memorization, the two materials are similar, which will affect the memory effect.

Memorizing two types of material or a longer period of material is a good memorization effect when intervals are arranged in between.

5. Reinforcement law:

In memory activities, the simultaneous participation of various senses is better than the participation of a single sense.

After the memorization of materials is achieved, the number of learning times should be increased appropriately, and the memory retention effect is good.

After memorization, timely review can improve memory efficiency.

Diversification of revision methods is better than simple repetition of the memorization effect.

6. The law of time:

Forgetting is fast and then slow.

In memory activities, the proper use of concentration and dispersion methods can improve memory efficiency.

7. Quantity law:

The greater the amount of material memorized at one time, the more difficult it is to memorize, and the effect of memorization decreases.

In memory activities, a combination of holistic learning and analysis can improve the effectiveness of memory.

Text: Elite Special Speed Reading Memory Training Network (ability learning and training in speed reading, memory, attention, etc.).

Memory has an forgetting curve, called the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve. It's a memory pattern.

The formation of memory has a physiological basis and follows certain laws. To put it simply, memory is actually divided into sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. And the most effective learning methods to improve memory are short-term, high-frequency, multiple, and timely.

According to the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, the law of forgetting is that the development of forgetting is uneven, and its law is first fast and then slow, showing a negative acceleration type.

There are four main theoretical explanations for memory forgetting:

1. Recession theory. Originating in Aristotle, Thorndike developed further;

2. Interference theory. There are two main cases: proactive suppression and backward suppression. Proactive inhibition refers to the interference of the previous learning materials with the recognition and recall of the learning materials behind them. Backshot inhibition refers to the interference of later learning materials with the retention and memory of previous learning materials;

3. Assimilation theory. When learning higher concepts and laws, the higher concepts can replace the lower concepts, so that the lower concepts are forgotten, thus simplifying the understanding and reducing the memory, which is a kind of positive forgetting;

4. Motivation theory. Also called the theory of repression. Forgetting is because you don't want to remember, and some of the memory information is excluded from consciousness.

According to the law of forgetting, it is necessary to scientifically organize students to review reasonably to prevent forgetting. To do: with wisdom.

1. The timing of the review should be appropriate. Follow the principles of "timely review" and "spaced review".

2. The method of review should be reasonable.

In general, scattered review is better than concentrated review, and repeated reading combined with attempted memorization is better than simple repetitive reading.

Overall review refers to reviewing the entire material at a time, and partial review refers to dividing the material into several parts for review.

The methods are: 1 Review in time, according to Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve, the process of forgetting is decisive and then diffuse. In order to avoid being difficult to remedy after a large number of forgettings, it is important to review in a timely manner.

2 Proper allocation of revision time is an important condition for good revision results. According to the different time allocation of review, there are two ways to repeat the chiropractic response: intensive review and .

Dispersed review. A large number of experiments have proved that scattered review is much better than concentrated review. But the longer the interval between revisions, the better.

3 A combination of repeated wild reading and trying to recall, as the saying goes, "look and think" can improve memory. The results of the study showed that the memorization effect was much higher than that of repeated reading in each group of participants who combined reading and attempting to recall. Spend 60 percent of your time trying to recall, and review works best.

4. Pay attention to the elimination of the interaction between the front and back materials, pay attention to the sequence position effect of the materials, and strengthen the review of the middle part of the materials.

5. Use external memory means, such as taking notes in class, making cards when reading, etc., through elite special fast reading memory training, as the saying goes, "a good memory is not as good as a bad pen", external memory means can help people remember better.