The meaning of this in the sea of words, who has the interpretation of culture in the sea of words

Culture: In a broad sense, it refers to the sum of material and spiritual wealth created in the historical practice of human society. In a narrow sense, it refers to the ideology of society.

and the corresponding systems and organizational structures. Culture is a historical phenomenon, and every society has a culture corresponding to it, which develops with the development of social material production. Culture, as an ideology, is a reflection of the politics and economy of a certain society, and it also exerts great influence and acts on the politics and economy of a certain society.

In a classed society, it has a class character. With the emergence and development of nations, culture has a national character. Through the development of national forms, national traditions are formed.

The development of culture has historical continuity, and the historical continuity of the development of social material production is the basis of the historical continuity of cultural development. Proletarian culture is a critical inheritance of human history.

It is created and developed by summing up the practical experience of class struggle, production struggle and scientific experiments. Generally refers to general knowledge, including language knowledge. For example, "learning culture" refers to the acquisition of written language and general knowledge, and for example, for an individual, "cultural level" also refers to a person's level of language and knowledge.

Refers to ancient Chinese feudal dynasties.

A general term for the administration and education of the people. Wang Rong of the Southern Qi Dynasty "Preface to Qushui Poems": "Set up gods and principles to scenery and customs, and apply culture to soft distance." ”

Excerpt from Cihai

1979 miniature, Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, 1st edition, August 1980, 6th printing, August 1985, p. 1533.

Chinese explanation of culture.

Dictionary explained. Basic explanation.

1.[culture] Archaeology refers to a complex of relics and relics from the same historical period. The same tools, utensils, manufacturing techniques, etc., are characteristic of the same culture.

Yangshao culture. 2.[civilization] The sum total of the wealth created by mankind, especially the spiritual wealth, such as literature, art, education, and science.

Chinese culture. 3.[literacy] Ability to use words and general knowledge.

Literacy. Explain in detail.

1.Civility and education.

Han Liu Xiang "Saying Yuan, Pointing to Martial Arts": "The prosperity of all martial arts, for the sake of disobedience, the culture does not change, and then the punishment is added." Jin Shuhui "Poems for the Dead: By Yi":

Culture is inside, martial arts are outside. Former Shu Du Guangting "He Heming Turns Dead Trees into Regeneration Table": "Cultivate culture and serve the famine, show off the power and level of the nine."

Yuan Yelu Chucai "Sixteen Questions of the Sun" poem No. 7: "Hanging clothes and arching are ashamed of the soldiers, and the culture is excellent and peaceful." "The fourth and seventh episode of "Flower Moon Traces":

Erlao Eryu, such as a ghost, the culture of the two dynasties, and the power of the nine wars. ”

2.Refers to the ability to use words and book knowledge.

Hong Shen, Chapter 2 of "Film and Drama Performance": "Because modern man lives not only the life of a natural person, but also the life of a literate person. ”

3.The sum total of material and spiritual wealth created by people in the process of social and historical practice. It refers specifically to spiritual wealth, such as education, science, literature and art.

"On New Democracy" III: "A certain culture (culture as a conceptual form) is a reflection of the politics and economy of a certain society, and it also has a great influence on and acts on the politics and economy of a certain society. Cao Yu "Wang Zhaojun" Act II:

He did not believe in the sincerity of the Han Dynasty in dealing with the Xiongnu and looked down on the Chang'an culture. ”

4.Archaeological terminology. It refers to the complex of relics and relics in the same historical period that are not transferred according to the distribution location. The same tools, utensils, the same manufacturing techniques, etc., are characteristic of the same culture. Such as: Yangshao culture; Yongsan Culture.

English translation of culture.

Dictionary explained. civilization

schooling; literacy

Published in 1915, Etymology is a Chinese dictionary that focuses on words and words, focusing on tracing the origin, and is a special reference book for ancient Chinese. Published in 1936, Cihai is a comprehensive dictionary that functions as a dictionary, a Chinese dictionary, and an encyclopedic dictionary.

Introduction to the EtymologyEtymology is a linguistic dictionary, first compiled in 1908 and continued in 1931. The Etymology includes ancient Chinese before 1840, general words, common words, idioms, allusions, etc., as well as various terms, names, place names, book titles, cultural relics, and canonical systems.

The introduction of "Cihai".Cihai is presided over by Mr. Lu Feikui of Zhonghua Book Company, which is a comprehensive dictionary integrating Chinese words, words and encyclopedias. The new version of "Cihai" has about 10,000 words, about 10,000 entries, 10,000 color pictures, and a total of about 20 million words. The seventh edition of Cihai was published in October 2019.

The Etymology was published in 1915 and a sequel in 1931. Cihai was published in 1936. The two books at this time are very similar in style, using radical arrangement, and first explain the meaning of single words, and then explain the meaning and usage of polyphonic words and phrases.

In comparison, Cihai was written relatively late, and it is much more advanced than Ciyuan in terms of citation and interpretation. It should be noted that the "Ciyuan" and "Cihai" at this time were compiled for the purpose of consulting ancient words and allusions, which are very different from the etymology and cihai after New China.

Later, with the development of the times, the content of the two books became outdated, for example, some natural science and translation terms were used at that time, which were very different from the current usage, and so on. Therefore, in 1958, under the unified planning of the state, the old "Ciyuan" and "Cihai" began to be revised, and the two books of the envoy had their own division of labor, becoming two reference books of different natures. Cihai is a comprehensive dictionary, including idioms, allusions, names of people, places, and various scientific and technical terms, while Ciyuan has become a reference book for reading ancient books and a reference book for classical literature and history researchers.

That is, "Cihai" is a comprehensive word book, ancient words and allusions are only a part of it, it is a more common and popular and simple part, not a professional interpretation of ancient words and allusions, written in simplified characters. The "Etymology" is specially designed to solve the difficult knowledge problems about allusions and ancient cultural relics when reading ancient books, and is a special dictionary for the study of ancient words and allusions, written in traditional characters.

In other words, Cihai is a comprehensive dictionary, while Ciyuan is a specialized dictionary for the study of ancient Chinese. Before the establishment of New China, these two dictionaries were both versions of ancient Chinese, but after the new China, the state re-compiled the two dictionaries to have their own division of labor, and became the different types mentioned above.

Cihai is an encyclopedic dictionary, which is included in both ancient and modern China and foreign countries.

The etymology contains words from ancient texts. There are no modern, and even less foreign.

Cihai is suitable for general readers, and etymology is applicable to the study of ancient culture.

Cihai belongs to the Chinese dictionary and encyclopedia dictionary of eggplant.

Cihai is a book edited by Mr. Shu Xincheng in 1915 and is the largest comprehensive dictionary in China. Cihai is a large-scale comprehensive dictionary with words and the functions of a dictionary, a Chinese dictionary and an encyclopedic dictionary.

It is reported that the new edition of "Cihai" is expected to be published in 2019, with a plan to receive about 10,000 words, about 10,000 entries, 10,000 color pictures, and a total of about 20 million words. Among them, the entries in ordinary words account for about one-third of the book, and the encyclopedia entries account for about two-thirds of the book. Among the encyclopedia entries, natural sciences and engineering technology account for about one-third; Philosophy, social sciences, history, geography, literature and art account for about two-thirds of the weak.

The main features of the 09 version of Cihai:

1. The scientific concept of development and its series of entries have been added, including etc. In this way, the entries of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics will form a series, and at the same time, the entries of the history of the development of Marxism will form a series.

2. Break through the stereotype that Cihai only accepts ancient Chinese, and add 5,000 commonly used modern Chinese. If it is calculated according to the meaning items, 20,000 meaning items are added.

3. The previous editions of "Cihai" have not included literary works after the establishment of the new Nakano type country.

4. In terms of commonly used Chinese characters, Chinese character glyphs, phonetics, special-shaped word specifications, numerical usage, quantities and units, scientific and technological terms, etc., they shall be handled in accordance with the unified provisions of the state.