What causes Kawasaki disease?

Kawasaki disease, also known as mucosal lymph node syndrome, can be induced by a variety of pathogenic bacteria, symptoms such as high fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, conjunctival hyperemia, swollen hands and feet, desquamation of the fingertips, chapped lips, etc., and in severe cases, it can cause cardiovascular complications. Because the first symptom of Kawasaki disease is a high fever and a rash on the body, it is often misdiagnosed as a cold, measles, hand, foot and mouth, or scarlet fever.

The main susceptible population of Kawasaki disease is children under 5 years of age, and if it is detected early**, the prognosis of most children is good, and only a small number of children have cardiac complications such as coronary artery aneurysms and need long-term **. The biggest harm of Kawasaki disease is damage to the coronary arteries, which is the main cause of coronary artery disease in children and a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease in adulthood.

The jury is still out on whether the "Kawasaki disease" symptoms are related to the coronavirus.

Although numerous epidemiological and clinical observations have shown that KD is caused by infection, especially related to viral infection. However, there is no evidence that Kawasaki disease is caused by the coronavirus.

First, these children are currently only suspected of Kawasaki disease, not diagnosed;

Secondly, even if children with similar symptoms of "Kawasaki disease" in Europe and the United States are normal**, many of them still have severe symptoms, and some cannot even be cured.

Therefore, whether the symptoms of "Kawasaki disease" are induced by coronavirus infection still need further scientific research and epidemiological investigation.

At present, my country's new crown battle has achieved a phased victory, as long as we do not relax and continue to do a good job of protection, there is no need to panic too much.

Kawasaki disease, once known as mucosal lymph node syndrome, can occur all year round, and the age of onset is more common in infants and young children.

The ** of Kawasaki disease is still unknown, but the epidemiological data suggest that rickettsia, propionobacter, staphylococcus, streptococcus, retrovirus, and mycoplasma infection may be its **, but none of them have been further confirmed.

The pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease is still unknown, but it is thought to be related to systemic vasculitis, which is more common in the coronary arteries.

Severe cases of Kawasaki disease also mainly refer to the presence of a coronary artery aneurysm, because in some cases the coronary artery aneurysm may rupture, which can be life-threatening for the child.

Kawasaki disease is a medium-sized vasculitic disease, its cause is not too clear at present, it is still believed that it may be caused by infection, of course, some other infections or vaccinations, resulting in the disorder of immune function in the body, clinically causing Kawasaki disease, but the exact ** and pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease, so far there is no clear clarification.

The onset of Kawasaki disease is not very clear, and may be related to the following factors: first, infection, including bacterial infection, viral infection, mycoplasma infection, etc.; 2. Abnormal immune response caused by certain reasons, because T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are found to be activated in the patient's body, and the number of inflammatory mediators and cytokines increases, thereby causing vascular damage and leading to pathological changes in the coronary arteries, but it is not clear what the specific factors are.

Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile and exanthematous disease in children, with systemic vasculitis as the main lesion. The main clinical manifestations of this disease are fever, conjunctival fever, strawberry tongue, chapped lips, and diffuse congestion of the oral mucosa. There may be lump peeling on the hands and feet, erythema multiforme or scarlet fever-like rash, nonpurulent changes in cervical lymph nodes, and coronary vasodilation.

The disease is not clear, and epidemiological data indicate that there are rickettsia, propionobacter, staphylococcus, streptococcus, retrovirus, mycoplasma infection, etc.

Categories: Medical Diseases >> Hospital.

Problem description: The child has "Kawasaki disease", and now he is only taking aspirin enteric-coated tablets, and he has been taking it for more than half a year, but after the examination, the doctor said that it still has not improved, and I want to ask everyone, what kind of disease is this, and what is the impact on the child's growth in the future? What is a good way to cure it?

Analysis: Kawasaki disease, also known as **mucosal lymphadenopathy syndrome, is a systemic organ inflammation centered on vasculitis such as the heart, kidneys, digestive tract, etc., which mostly occurs in infants and young children under 4 years old, and the incidence has been increasing year by year in recent years, and has replaced rheumatic fever as an important acquired heart disease in childhood. The cause of Kawasaki disease is still unknown, and the fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes it causes are not a cause for concern, because they are all transient.

Its serious harm is the damage to the heart and blood vessels, which is permanent, with an incidence of 13 20, mainly involving coronary arteries, manifested as coronary artery and vasitis, coronary artery dilation, coronary artery aneurysm, coronary embolism, etc. The coronary artery is the blood vessel of the myocardium, and the occurrence of thrombosis can easily cause myocardial ischemia, leading to angina pectoris and myocardial infarction; If a coronary artery aneurysm ruptures, it can also lead to sudden death. Of course, in addition to cardiac symptoms, abdominal pain and diarrhea may also occur in the kidneys and digestive tract, and white blood cells and proteins can also be found in urine tests.

Kawasaki disease begins with acute fever, and has cough, runny nose, diarrhea, and obvious congestion of the oral mucosa, which is often misdiagnosed as upper respiratory tract infection in the early stage, and will occur as the disease progresses

Fever persists for more than 5 days and is ineffective with antibiotics;

In the early stage of acute fever, there is extensive hard edema of the hands and feet, erythema on the palms of the hands and feet, and patchy peeling of the fingers (toes).

at the same time as or shortly after fever, a pleomorphic rash may be seen all over the body, without blisters or crusts;

conjunctival hyperemia in both eyes, but no purulent discharge or lacrimation, persisting throughout the febrile phase or longer;

The oral mucosa is diffuse hyperemia, the lips are red and dry, chapped and bleeding, crusted, and the tongue ** protrusion is "bayberry tongue";

bilateral cervical and submandibular lymphadenopathy;

Cardiovascular symptoms do not develop until 1 to 6 weeks after fever, and may not develop until a few days or years after the acute phase of onset.

There is a cure for Kawasaki disease, and it can also be completely **, but it is necessary to diagnose it early and in time**, which can not only reduce the symptoms, but also prevent the occurrence of coronary artery disease. Once KD is diagnosed, aspirin is essential along with high-dose immunoglobulin. It prevents platelet aggregation and thrombosis and also acts as an anti-inflammatory.

The course of treatment should be long, at least 2 to 3 months, and later it can be switched to a small dose. If coronary artery dilation or coronary artery aneurysm formation is present, it should be used until the lesion disappears.

In the spring, children with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection accompanied by rash and mucosal lesions should be alerted to the occurrence of Kawasaki disease and should go to the hospital as soon as possible to avoid delay**. After diagnosis, it is important to let the child rest well, especially for children with pre-existing coronary artery disease, bed rest, and avoid physical activity during the recovery period to reduce the burden on the heart as much as possible.

What is Kawasaki Disease? Kawasaki disease is an immune system disease that occurs mostly in infants and young children, and is an acute systemic arteritis that even affects the coronary arteries of the heart, causing serious consequences such as myocardial infarction and aneurysm rupture. To put it simply, immune cells do not do their job to kill the early bacteria and attack the blood vessels in their own body.

Now I will talk about what Kawasaki disease is.

1.First of all, mucosal lymphadenopathy syndrome is an acute febrile exanthematous pediatric disease in which systemic vasculitis becomes the main pathology. It was first reported in 1967 by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in Japan.

Obviously, Kawasaki disease has replaced rheumatic fever as one of the main causes of pediatric acquired heart disease in China. Kawasaki disease is considered to be an immune-mediated vasculitis and is tentatively included in the chapter on connective tissue diseases.

2.Secondly, the symptoms manifest as:

Persistent fever,5 11 days or more (2 weeks to 1 month), temperature often above 39, antibiotics** ineffective Cardiac damage, symptoms of myocarditis, pericarditis, and endocarditis develop.

3.Finally, the disease is a vasculitic syndrome, which is more common in children aged 2 to 4 years, and is more common in boys. In recent years, there has been an increase in incidence.

The biggest harm of Kawasaki disease is damage to the coronary arteries, which is the main cause of coronary artery disease in children and a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease in adulthood. In our country, there are more cases in July and September.

Precautions. What is Kawasaki disease, the main pathological change of Kawasaki disease is systemic non-specific vasculitis. Systemic micro-vasculitis begins with the disease, and after about two weeks, it manifests as endarteritis and periarteritis of the aortic branches, especially the coronary arteries.

In some cases, aneurysms develop in the acute phase (rupture of intimal elastic plates). Aneurysms may regress or persist after the acute phase, and the latter may have thrombosis of a pure coronary artery aneurysm, or abnormal thickening, calcification, infiltration of plasma components, granulogenesis, and then organize, resulting in coronary artery stenosis and obstruction. Cardiac involvement in the acute phase may present with myocarditis, endocarditis, and pericarditis.

Kawasaki disease (kawasaki

disease), that is, mucocutaneous lymphadenopathy

lymphnode

syndrome，mcls）。It is an acute febrile exanthematous pediatric disease with systemic vasculitis becoming the main pathological feature. It was first reported in 1967 by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in Japan.

**Not yet specified. The disease is prevalent and landlordish, and the clinical manifestations include fever and rash, which are presumed to be related to infection. It is thought to be a combination of pathogens, including Epstein-Barr virus, retrovirus, or streptococcal or propiononibacterium infections.

In 1986, it was reported that the activity of reverse transcriptase in the culture supernatant of peripheral blood lymphocytes was increased, suggesting that the disease may be caused by retroviruses. However, most studies did not have consistent results. In the past, mycoplasma, rickettsia, and dust mites have also been proposed as the pathogens of the disease, but they have not been confirmed.

Environmental pollution or chemical allergies have also been considered.

Studies have shown that the disease has obvious immune dysregulation in the acute stage, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis. In the acute phase, there is an imbalance of peripheral blood T cell subsets, with an increase in CD4 and a decrease in CD8, and an increase in the CD4 and CD8 ratio. This change is most pronounced at 3-5 weeks of lesions and returns to normal by 8 weeks.

The increase in the ratio of CD4 to CD8 makes the body's immune system in an activated state, and the lymphokines secreted by CD4 increase, which promotes the activation, proliferation and differentiation of B cell polyclonal water into plasma cells, resulting in the increase of serum IgM, IgA, IgG, and IgE, and the secretion of high concentrations of interleukins (1L-1, 4, 5, 6), R-interferon (IFN-R), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by activated T cells. These lymphokines and interactive interactives can induce endothelial cells to express and produce neoantigens; On the other hand, it promotes the secretion of autoantibodies by B cells, which leads to cytolytic toxicity of endothelial cells, and endothelial cell damage leads to vasculitis. Elevated 1L-11L-6 and TNF can induce hepatocytes to synthesize acutely reactive proteins, such as C-reactive protein, R-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, etc., causing acute febrile reactions in the disease.

The circulating immune complex (CIC) is elevated in patients with this disease, and 50 to 70% of cases can be absent in the first week of the course of the disease, reaching a peak in the third and fourth weeks. The mechanism of action of CIC in this disease is still unclear, but there is no immune complex deposition at the lesion site, and serum C3 does not decrease but increases, which is not consistent with general immune complex disease. The trigger of the above immune dysregulation** is unknown.

It is generally believed that KD is an immune-mediated systemic vasculitis triggered by a certain susceptible host to a variety of infectious pathogens.

Kawasaki disease, also known as **mucosal lymphadenopathy syndrome, is a systemic inflammation of organs such as the heart, kidneys, and digestive tract centered on vasculitis.

The cause is unknown, and I personally believe that it is caused by foreign bodies such as dander with viruses entering the blood vessels, so stay away from dirty carpets and dirty cotton.

On the one hand, it is due to the patient's own immune function, and on the other hand, it is contact, mainly carpets, blankets, fabrics, etc., and the real pathological cause is currently unknown!

Kawasaki disease is the first choice of Dr. Kawasaki Tomisaku in Japan in 1967, and the disease named after him, also known as ** mucosal lymphadenopathy (MCLS), clinical manifestations: fever, rash, cervical non-purulent lymphadenopathy, ocular conjunctival hyperemia, oral mucosal diffuse hyperemia, bayberry tongue, palmoplantar erythema, hand and foot stiff edema, etc.

Kawasaki disease is a blood disease that is uncommon in China. Onset is acute and chronic. There are 6 main symptoms:

Purplish red lips, bloodshot eyes, protruding lymph nodes on the left side, swollen hands and feet, granular spots on the tongue, and red spots on the body. Persistent high fever!

If you find one of these symptoms, you should hurry up**. Don't take it lightly.