How can we achieve fairness in a market economy?

A market economy must be an economy based on the rule of law for the following reasons:

First, the market economy is an autonomous economy. The market economy requires the recognition and respect of the autonomy of the will of the market entities, which means that the qualifications of the market entities should be confirmed by law and the property rights (i.e., property rights) and freedom of will of the market entities should be fully respected. At the same time, it stipulates the methods, principles and procedures for the exercise of rights by market entities.

Without the rule of law, the property rights and other rights of market entities cannot be realized.

Second, the market economy is a contract economy. The foundation of the market economy lies in the market, and market changes are mainly carried out through contracts concluded through free and equal consultation between market players. Contract is the legal prototype of the market, and the most important legal feature of the market economy is the contractualization of economic relations.

In a market economy, contracts become the basic form of economic exchange. A market economy cannot exist without contracts, which must be premised on the recognition and protection of the principles, methods and results of contracts by law.

Third, the market economy is a competitive economy. Achieving the survival of the fittest through competition and rationally allocating resources is one of the advantages of the market economy. However, market competition must be fair and legitimate, otherwise, the market mechanism may fail or be distorted.

In market competition, some competitors do not hesitate to take the greatest risk in order to covet profits, and adopt all kinds of unfair means to conduct or restrict competition, which will inevitably hinder normal market competition. It is necessary to use legal means to regulate and sanction abnormal competition and monopolistic behavior, and to maintain fair and reasonable market competition. It's like a ball game, where players have to play according to certain rules.

Without rules, the game cannot be played. The necessary law is equivalent to the rules of the competition, which is the guarantee of fair competition.

Fourth, the market economy is an economy in which the status of the main body is equal. The equal status of market entities must be confirmed by law. At least formally, all market entities are guaranteed to enjoy their rights and fulfill their obligations equally. Otherwise, the equality between market players will lose the premise and guarantee.

Fifth, the market economy is an open economy. It requires a unified domestic market system on the one hand, and an internationalization of the market on the other. A unified and open market system must have corresponding means of adjustment and legal rules.

In order to bring China's market into line with the international market, it is necessary to join the international economic and legal system in accordance with the requirements of the modern legal system.

The market economy is an economy with a legal system, which is not only an intrinsic requirement of the market economy, but also means that only the market economy can provide the economic foundation on which the legal system in the modern sense can be produced and developed, and the more the market economy is reached, the more the legal system will develop.

Because all citizens are equal before the law.

Efficiency and fairness are a pair of enemies, and you can't make them shake hands and develop together.

In the market economy, when there is a market failure due to some reason, that is, when the market itself cannot effectively allocate resources, it is necessary to regulate and control at this time. And there are only two reasons to participate in market regulation: to improve efficiency or to promote equality (i.e., fairness).

And if a policy is aimed at improving efficiency, it will inevitably come at the expense of fairness. For example, if the state vigorously supports small and medium-sized enterprises, then the state allocates some favorable policies and resources to small and medium-sized enterprises, while large enterprises do not have such advantages, which undermines fairness.

Improving efficiency can make the welfare of the economy as a whole greater, but at the same time it is far from fairness, and the polarization is even greater.

In the same way, to promote equality (equity), then it will inevitably lead to a decrease in efficiency, for example, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, raising the minimum wage, raising the income tax rate for the high-income group, it promotes equality, but such a policy will make those who are low-income people less motivated, and make the hard-working and high-income people slacken, and it will shrink the efficiency. Equality (equity) is promoted, and often our economic output is also reduced, that is, we cannot maximize profits from scarce resources, and efficiency decreases.

It should be said that this is a false proposition, that is, the socialist market economy solves the problem of efficiency and fairness, so there is nothing to deal with in it.

At present, it is necessary to take practical and reasonable measures to optimize the efficiency and fairness of the portfolio, take into account the interests of all parties, narrow the problem of income inequality and gradually realize the unity of efficiency and fairness. The specific measures are:

First, the implementation of redistribution pays attention to fairness. To narrow the income gap, it is necessary to redistribute income and make up for the unfair defects of primary distribution, which requires the adoption of measures such as levying various adjustment taxes on high-income people, transferring payments to low-income people and poor areas, establishing and improving social insurance and social assistance mechanisms, and protecting vulnerable groups. This is to maintain the unity of efficiency and fairness at the micro level.

2. Expand employment and achieve equitable distribution. For example, of the more than 20 million people in urban areas who enjoy the minimum subsistence guarantee because of their family poverty, 40 percent of them are directly impoverished because they are not employed, and there is still a large amount of surplus labor in the rural areas that cannot be transferred. The most fundamental and effective way to narrow the gap is to increase the share of labor remuneration in the distribution pattern by expanding employment.

3. Further improve the social adjustment mechanism. At present, while doing a good job in developing the economy, China should also do a good job in social public services, because most of the beneficiaries of public services are low-income people, including education, medical care, and other social welfare measures. Through these measures, the quality of people will be improved and they will be able to enter as many equal opportunities as possible in a variety of employment and social life.

If even basic fairness and fairness cannot be guaranteed, then the market economy really has no "market" and cannot be implemented.

Only when the society is fair and the opportunities are equally can the market effectively play the role of regulating social resources, otherwise the deformed distribution system will produce many problems and lead to further intensification of the problems. Produce results that no one wants to see.

It is found that efficiency is prioritized and wealth is unevenly distributed.

Therefore, we must put how to divide the cake in front of how to make the cake bigger, and put people's livelihood in the first place.

A market economy is something that takes the market as the main means of regulation.

At its core, it advocates freedom and equality.

Social justice is the most basic content of freedom and equality.

If fairness is put first, the bureaucracy will not be the first to get rich.

Because some people are dizzy again.

**Focus on fairness, the market focuses on efficiency, and efficiency and fairness are two principles that are both related and distinct in the distribution of personal income, namely the principle of efficiency and the principle of fairness.

Efficiency refers to the efficiency with which resources are allocated. Microeconomics explains it as the state in which the economic organization obtains the products and services that meet people's needs to the greatest extent with the lowest input of materialized labor and living labor under an orderly market environment and unified rules. Macroeconomics explains it as the rational allocation and optimal combination of scarce resources among various sectors of society. The principle of efficiency in distribution means that the social distribution system and distribution policy should aim at promoting the development of productive forces and improving the efficiency of enterprises and the national economy.

Fairness, relative to efficiency, is the rationalization of the distribution of benefits and rights among members of society, or the equality of benefits and rights. Broadly speaking, this equality includes economic, political, and legal aspects; In a narrow sense, it refers to the equality of economic benefits and rights, including equality of opportunity and equality of income distribution. Equality of opportunity refers to the equal opportunities for members of society to participate in competition and employment opportunities.

On the one hand, it refers to the equality of distribution systems and policies, and specifically it is necessary to adhere to the distribution system that combines distribution according to work and distribution according to factors, so that the labor input and other factor inputs of members of society can obtain equal benefits; On the other hand, the principle of equality in income distribution also requires that the income gap between members of society be limited to a relatively reasonable range, that the basic living needs of every member of society be guaranteed, and that the interests of the vulnerable groups in society should be protected, and that the living needs of the needy groups should be properly addressed. This is equality in a relative sense, not absolute equality, let alone average.

Second, the relationship between efficiency and fairness.

Efficiency and fairness are opposites and unity, and their unity is manifested in the fact that efficiency and fairness are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. On the one hand, efficiency is the material basis and fundamental way to achieve equity.

The level of production efficiency determines the value, content, scale and specific mode of income distribution. Adjusting the distribution relationship according to the principle of efficiency will promote the development of productive forces and create more social wealth, which can lay a material foundation for fair distribution and the realization of the goal of common prosperity, and is also the fundamental way to solve unfair distribution. On the other hand, equity is a necessary condition and a source of strength for efficiency.

The practice of fair distribution can arouse the enthusiasm of all social strata and groups in production and operation, and promote people to increase input and improve efficiency.

Efficiency and fairness are contradictory. The principle of efficiency does not automatically achieve fairness; Nor does the principle of fairness necessarily lead to efficiency gains. The realization of the principle of efficiency is mainly based on the market mechanism, and the realization of the principle of fairness depends on the adjustment of the market.

The one-sided principle of efficiency may lead to the widening of people's income disparities, which will threaten social equity, and ultimately hinder efficiency improvement; One-sided principles of fairness lead to egalitarianism, which inhibits efficiency and economic and social development. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to the unity of efficiency and fairness.

When I saw something dialectical, I laughed, and so did God.

The efficiency of the socialist market economy is: what you buy in the world, what will soar; Whatever you sell internationally, what ** will drop wildly. The industry lacks overall planning and strategic vision, and enterprises in the same industry act independently based on their own interests, beggar-thy-neighbor, just enough for foreign capital to break through.

In the end, apart from the repeated vicious consumption of resources, the destruction of the environment, and the enrichment of the pockets of a few, nothing else has benefited the country or the people.

Regarding fairness, this question is very depressing, like someone becomes the general x, is this fair to other people?

The control of state-owned resources and the regulation and control of industry layout, are private enterprises fair compared to state-owned enterprises? Is it fair to the people that domestic monopolies are in line with international standards, prices are in line with Europe and the United States, wages are in line with Africa, and politics are in line with North Korea?

The whole world can talk about fairness, but China cannot.

We should analyze specific problems in detail and look at the relationship between fairness and efficiency dialectically. On the one hand, in the field of market economy, in the field of economic development, of course, efficiency should be given priority, and if the market does not stress efficiency, it will be meaningless. What we are developing now is a socialist market economy, and in the field of the market, of course, we must emphasize the priority of efficiency.

On the other hand, in the area of people's livelihood, that is, in the social field, fairness comes first. In this area, if efficiency is prioritized and the market intervenes too much, there will be problems.

In the field of markets, it is necessary to emphasize the priority of efficiency and prevent egalitarianism; In the social field, in the process of developing the cause of socialism, we must always emphasize the value of fairness and prevent polarization.

Respect for the law is fundamental. If you can't do that, there's no fairness.