What is stakeout technology? What is the definition of a lofting?

Lofting is a measurement of an application branch, it requires a certain method to use a certain instrument to artificially designed points in the field to calibrate out, in the past used a lot of conventional lofting methods, such as theodolite rendezvous lofting, total station corner lofting, etc., generally to stake out a design point, often need to move the target back and forth, and to 2-3 people to operate, at the same time in the lofting process also requires good visibility between points, in the production application efficiency is not very high, Sometimes the difficult situation encountered in the lofting will be with the help of many methods to lofting, if the RTK technology lofting, only need to input the designed point coordinates into the electronic handbook, carrying the GPS receiver, it will remind you to go to the position of the lofting point, both fast and convenient, because the GPS is directly lofting through the coordinates, and the accuracy is very high and very uniform, so the efficiency will be greatly improved in the field lofting, and only one person is required to operate.

Lofting is one of the most traditional methods of 3ds Max 3D modeling, as I remember from the earliest DoS versions. Of course, there are similar operations in some other design software such as AutoCAD.

The steps for staking out are as follows:

1.Create a loft path, such as a Line. The path acts as the centerline of the loft object, which is the line connecting the center points of all the cross-sections of the loft object. Paths can be open or closed 2D shapes.

2.Create a cross-section, such as Ellipse. A section shape is the contour of the cross-section of a lofted object.

3.In the Create panel, point GeometryCompound ObjectsLoft.

4.In general, you should also set the path number of steps of the lofted object to be a little larger, so that the lofted object will be smoother and more reasonable.

5.If you deform the lofted object in the modification panel, it will be more convenient when building complex objects, such as mice, microphones, etc.

Lofting means making a model of a building or finished product as a sample before formal construction or manufacturing.

Construction lofting is to find out the geometric relationship between the position between the feature points and the control points of each part of the building according to the design size of the building, calculate the lofting data such as distance, angle, elevation, coordinates, etc., and then use the control points to determine the feature points of the building on the ground, and construct accordingly.

Selection of the elevation stakeout method.

Elevation lofting: leveling method, photoelectric ranging triangulation elevation method, analytical triangulation elevation method and line-of-sight method. For the parts that require an error of no more than 10mm in the elevation lofting, the leveling method should be used.

When the theodolite is used instead of the level for civil engineering lofting, the lofting point shall not be greater than 50m from the elevation control point; Readings must be taken using the forward and inverted mirror leveling method and the average of the forward and inverted mirror readings must be taken for calculation.

According to the design size of the building, find out the geometric relationship between the position of the feature points and the control points of each part of the building, calculate the lofting data such as distance, angle, elevation, coordinates, etc., and then use the control points to determine the feature points of the building on the ground, and construct accordingly.

Both the plane position and elevation are defeated by staking out each feature point. The lofting of feature points usually adopts the polar coordinate method, but also the Cartesian coordinate method and the intersection method can be used, and the leveling method is commonly used for elevation lofting.

When the height difference between the lofting point and the nearby control point is large (such as the elevation of a certain floor of a lofting high-rise building or a certain point underground), the elevation is measured by a long steel ruler instead of a leveling ruler, or the triangular elevation measurement method of electromagnetic wave ranging is used; Lofting vertical axes can be used with a hammer, an optical projection point meter or a laser plumb meter, etc.

First, find out the coordinates of the lofting point. Second, find two known points and calculate their absolute azimuths.

Thirdly, the azimuth and distance from the lofting point to the known point are calculated respectively. Fourth, always theodolite.

Use one of the known points as the measuring site, make one point the backsight point, aim at the pourer to its azimuth, then rotate to the azimuth of each lofting point, fix its direction, and then use the tape measure to pull out the corresponding distance!

The main steps are:

According to the known coordinates on the drawing, calculate the coordinates of the point you need to stake out in advance, so as to determine the angle and distance between the point and the due north direction, and then set the theodolite at a known point, rotate to align the direction of due north, set the horizontal dial to zero, rotate the angle you just calculated, and measure the distance you calculated in this direction, then the point is the unknown lead spike point you need to stake.

In fact, it doesn't have to be due north, it can be the direction that is convenient for you, depending on the direction you can easily operate and calculate.

It's complicated to say, you'd better find someone who knows how to do it and follow along a few times.

With a total station. It's more convenient, and it's put away with a few keystrokes.

According to the highly knowledgeable coordinates on the drawing, calculate the coordinates of the point you need to stake out in advance, so as to determine the angle and distance between the point and the due north direction, and then set the theodolite at a known point, rotate to align the direction of due north, set the horizontal dial to zero, rotate the angle you just calculated, and measure the distance you calculated in the direction, then the point is the unknown point you need to stake.

In fact, it doesn't have to be due north, it can be any direction that is convenient for you, depending on the direction you can easily manipulate and calculate.

It's complicated to say, you'd better find someone who knows how to do it and follow along a few times.

It's more convenient to use a total station, and it's all set in a few keystrokes.

1. Lofting is to take a two-dimensional body object as a cross-section along a certain path to form a complex three-dimensional object. Different bodies can be given to different segments on the same path. We can use staking to build a lot of complex models.

In engineering, it is used to "move" the scheme on the drawing to the actual site.

2. Lofting refers to the use of stakeout in 3ds Max

is a two-dimensional graphical conversion to a three-dimensional graphical modeling method. Methods similar to it are extrude, lathe, bevel.

In addition, there are corresponding applications in AutoCAD, and the use method is basically the same.

It is a complex 3D object that takes a 2D body object as a cross-section along a certain path. Different bodies can be given to different segments on the same path. We can use staking to build a lot of complex models.

In engineering, it is used to "move" the scheme on the drawing to the actual site.

The lofting complex in engineering surveying is the system.

The points on the design or drawings are measured on the actual ground.

The purpose of staking in engineering measurement is dao:

1. The role of engineering surveying in the building positioning and foundation construction stage to the quality of the project;

2. The role of engineering surveying on the quality of the project in the construction stage of the main structure;

3. The role of engineering measurement in the decoration construction stage on the quality of the project;

4. The significance of deformation observation during engineering construction and operation to the quality of the project;

5. The positive significance of engineering measurement to the prevention and control of common quality problems.

To put it simply, it is to measure the points on the design or drawings on the ground.

It's about putting the location on the drawing out on the ground.

It is the size of the design drawing that is projected onto the actual plane.

Place the building on the drawing on the ground.

Lofting: According to the control network, the plane position and elevation of the building (structure) designed on the drawing are lofed into the field for construction.

Explanation of the lofting.

Stakeout) to make a model of a building or finished product as a sample before formal construction or manufacturing.

The word decomposition Explanation of release Liberate the chain of constraints, get free: release the bird in the cage of Zhixiao. Boldly.

Release. Indulge. Licentious.

Sing. Let go. Bold and unconstrained.

Release. Loose (刵): Loose work.

Holiday. School. Sunny (sunny after rain).

Take livestock to graze in the wild: grazing and imitation. Herding sheep (also known as letting it move freely, the explanation of stakeout kind (like) à shape:

Appearance. Appearance. Pattern.

Equally. Pretending. Kind:

Pattern. Of all shapes and sizes. Do the standard stuff :

Screed. Sample. Sample.

Example. Radical : Wooden.