What is Jianzhou Sanwei and how did it come to be?

The collective name of the three local military administrative institutions set up in the Jurchen settlement of Jianzhou in Northeast China during the Ming Dynasty. Including Jianzhou Wei, Jianzhou Left Wei, and Jianzhou Right Wei. appoint the heads of the various ministries so that they can remain common and subordinate to each other.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen Huli Reform Department and the Huduoli Division, which originally lived at the confluence of the Mudanjiang River and the Songhua River, began to migrate to the southeast. Huli reorganized the ministry and moved to the original Bohai hometown, now the Suifen River Basin. In the first year of Yongle (1403), the Ming ** placed the state guard here, and appointed the head of the department A Ha out (the Ming court gave the name Li Chengshan, and the "Li Dynasty Record" was made in the void) as the commander.

The Duoli part was moved to the Tumen River Basin, and in the ninth year, it was moved to the Suifen River Basin, and it was attached to Jianzhou to defend and live in the pasture. According to the record of "Ming Shilu", no later than the fourteenth year of the Ming ** placed the Jianzhou Left Guard in his place, and appointed the head of the department, Mengge Timur ("Manchurian Record" and other Yu Temu) as the commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard. The latter two guards migrated.

In the third year of orthodoxy (1438), Jianzhou Wei moved to the Suzi River basin in the upper reaches of the Hunhe River, and lived and pastorized in the old town of Xinbin County. Five years later, Jianzhou Zuowei also moved here. In seven years, Ming ** precipitated the Jianzhou Right Guard from the Jianzhou Left Guard.

Brother Timu's son Dong Shan is in charge of the left guard, and Dong Shan's half-brother Fan Cha is in charge of the right guard. The three guards of Jianzhou were thus formed.

In November of the first year of Yongle (1403), the Ming court set up a state guard and appointed the head of its tribe, Ahachu, as the governor. In the tenth year of Yongle, he placed the left guard of Jianzhou, and appointed Meng's brother Timur as the commander. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Zuowei Jurchens migrated several times, and finally settled in the upper reaches of the Hunhe River and the Suzi River (in present-day Xinbin County, Liaoning) in the fifth year of orthodoxy (1440).

In February of the seventh year of orthodoxy, the Ming court divided the right guard of Jianzhou from the left guard of Jianzhou, and awarded the governor of Tongzhifan to check the palm. So far, it has been called "Jianzhou Three Guards".

The generational inheritance of the leaders of the three guards is generally the succession of the father and the son. Around the twentieth year of Jiajing (1541), the heroes competed for growth. First, Wang Gao claimed to be the leader of the right guard of Jianzhou, with Gulezhai (now Gulou in Xinbin County, Liaoning) as the center, ruling the three guards, and was attacked by the Ming army.

Wanli was captured in the third year and died in Jingshi. At the same time, Wang Wutang claimed to be the leader of the left guard of Jianzhou, rising in the area of present-day Huanren, and his territory under his jurisdiction reached the Qinghe River in the north and the lower reaches of the Yalu River in the south.

In the first year of Wanli, Li Chengliang, a border general of the Ming Dynasty, built Kuandian Liubao (now Kuandian, Liaoning), endangering the livelihood of the Jianzhou Jurchens and causing Wang Wutang to plunder the border. Eight years, defeated for Li Chengliang. In the tenth year, Wang Gaozi Atai reoccupied Gule Village, committed several border crimes, and was killed by Li Chengliang the following year, and Nurhachi's grandfather and father died in the battle.

Subsequently, Nurhachi rebelled against the Ming Dynasty and established Jin in the 44th year of Wanli, which was known as the Later Jin State in history, and the three guards of Jianzhou ended.