What are ketone bodies What does ketone body mean

Ketones have three brothers, which are: -hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone.

They are:After fat breakdown, undergoing a series of chemical changes in the liver.

The birth, the birth of ketone bodies, is the manifestation of the body's use of fat.

Ketones though areAcidic substancesBut it also has its own mission, which is to enter the heart, skeletal muscles.

The kidneys and brain, which provide part of the energy needed for vital activities. Normally,Blood and urine levels are minimal

Ketones and diabetes.

Patients are particularly closely connected, because diabetics have their own glucose metabolism disorders, and the body has to rely on breaking down fat to provide energy to the body. With the decomposition of fat, more and more ketone brothers are produced, but ketone bodies cannot all enter the heart, skeletal muscle, kidneys and brain for energy, and can only stay in the blood and do nothingKetosis, at which point the blood will also become acidic, causing acidosis.

At this point, urine routine will show ketones in the urine.

Masculine. Therefore, urine ketones are also often usedDiabetesThe indicators that assist in judgment are also the indicators that diabetic patients need to pay attention to in their daily lives. There are two ways to do a urinalysis on a daily basis

1. If there is enough time, the hospital or physical examination institution can do urine routine, and the urine test report can be issued in the afternoon of the same day, and the cost is 30 to 40 yuan.

2. Install it on the toilet at homeSmart urine test toilet seatThe toilet process can automatically collect urine for testing, and you can read the urine test report on the app in 2 minutes, and the cost is about 10 yuan. And the smart urine test toilet seat is also availableHeating and sterilizationFunction (don't worry about bacterial infection, freeze PP every day), not only can it be used as a smart toilet every day, but it is also very suitable for diabetes and other chronic diseases of the liver and kidneys.

Daily use by patients. It can also be used as a health warning robot for family members.

Ketones are the intermediate products of the oxidation and decomposition of fatty acids in the liver, including acetoacetic acid, -hydroxybutyric acid and acetone. Therefore, ketone bodies are the breakdown products of fat, not glucose. Testing of blood ketones is primarily used to screen, detect, and monitor ketoacidosis (DKA) in type 1 or sometimes type 2 diabetes.

The liver has a strong enzyme system for the synthesis of ketone bodies, but lacks the enzyme system for the use of ketone bodies.

Ketone bodies are intermediate metabolites in the oxidative metabolism of fats, including acetoacetic acid, -hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone. In healthy humans, small amounts of ketones are present in the blood in the form of 78% hydroxybutyric acid, 20% acetoacetic acid, and 2% acetone. When ketones are produced in the liver faster than they are used by extrahepatic tissues, ketones in the blood increase, and ketonemia occurs, and too many ketones are excreted in the urine to form ketonuria.

Ketones are a product of lipolysis rather than hyperglycemia. Eating sugars also does not lead to an increase in ketones.

Ketones are synthesized in the mitochondria of liver cells. The raw material for synthesis is acetyl Coa produced by oxidation of fatty acids. Hepatocyte mitochondria contain various enzymes that synthesize ketone bodies, in particular HMGCOA synthase, which catalyzes reactions that are the rate-limiting step of ketone bodies.

1.Two acetyl-CoA enzymes are catalyzed by thioplase enzymes to acetylacetyl-CoA. - The last round of oxidation also produces acetoacetyl-CoA.

2.The acetyl CoA is then combined with a third acetylCoa molecule to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA. Catalyzed by HMG CoA synthetase.

CoA is cleaved by HMG CoA lyase (HMG CoA lyase) to form acetoacetic acid and acetyl CoA.

4.Acetanoacetic acid is catalyzed by -hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and the reaction is reversible with NADH reduction to produce -hydroxybutyrate, note that it is catalyzed by D-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase here, and does not catalyze L-type substrates.

5.Acetanoacetic acid is decarboxylated spontaneously or catalyzed by acetoacetate decarboxylase to produce acetone.

Both acetoacetic acid and -hydroxybutyrate can be transported out of the mitochondrial membrane and the plasma membrane of hepatocytes, where they enter the bloodstream and are used as fuel by other cells. A small amount of acetoacetic acid is decarboxylated in the blood to form acetone.

Ketones are a substance in our liver, which is a product of lipolysis.

It specifically refers to the removal of the remaining parts of the head, tail, limbs, internal organs, etc. after the sheep is slaughtered, and is pronounced [ dòng tǐ yáng].

Keto sheep is not a word, it refers to sheep with a thick ketone body, and the same ones are ketone cattle, ketone pigs, etc.

Ketones pronunciation: [ dòng tǐ ].

Interpretation: 1The torso, in particular, refers to the parts that are left after the slaughter of livestock, such as the head, tail, limbs, and internal organs.

2.Refers to the human body.

Citation: Peng Lingjun's poem "Along the Yangtze River": "Speed up your lathe, use a few knives, and at the same time Yan Zhao regrets eating the carcass of metal." ”

The etymology is explained as "carcass, the trunk part of a domestic animal after slaughter". In the Modern Chinese Dictionary, although the definition of "carcass" has the meaning of "referring to the human body", the first meaning is "the trunk, especially the remaining part of the animal after slaughter, excluding the head, tail, limbs, internal organs, etc."