What were the types and characteristics of book binding and layout design during the Sui and Tang dy

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the binding and layout design of books had been greatly developed, and a variety of forms appeared. Among them, the prevalence of engraving printing is an important phenomenon. A large number of printed materials have emerged, so that the original form of book binding has been unable to adapt to the rapid development of the printing industry.

In this context, a new form of book binding was invented – the butterfly binding. Butterfly binding is a form in which the paper printed with text is folded in half with the side facing inward, and then the middle seam prevails, all the page numbers are aligned, and the paste is pasted on another pack of backing paper, and then cut into a book. This form of book flips through like the wings of a butterfly, hence the name "butterfly outfit".

The butterfly suit is only pasted with paste, without thread, but it is very strong.

In addition, the typography design of the Sui and Tang dynasties was also developed. Although block printing was already very popular, the invention of movable type printing was also an important contribution of this period. This makes the layout design of the book more flexible and can be adjusted appropriately according to the needs of the content.

In general, the period of the Sui and Tang dynasties was an important stage in the development of book binding and layout design, and the emergence of butterfly bindings and the flexibility of layout design were both characteristics of this period.

During the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, engraving printing.

It has become popular, and the number of printing is quite large, and the previous form of book binding has been difficult to adapt to the rapid development of the printing industry. After repeated research, people invented the form of butterfly suits. Butterfly is to fold the paper with the text face inward, and then take the middle seam as the standard, align all the page numbers, and use paste.

Paste it onto another pack of backing paper and cut it into a book. Books in butterfly suits look like butterflies fluttering on their wings, so they are called "butterfly suits." The butterfly suit is only pasted with paste, without thread, but it is very strong.

There are two types of book binding: Chinese and Western. Chinese style includes Jane Ce, Scroll, Whirlwind, Warp Fold, Butterfly, Bag Back and Thread; Western-style is divided into paperback, hardcover, loose-leaf and loose-binding.

Here is a talk about the Chinese style of book binding:

1. Simple outfit. Bamboo simplicity originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

The word line, and finally with the upper and lower ropes strung together, after the bundle is saved, there are two kinds of reed weaving and silk weaving, and the exquisite person uses the fabric sewing bag to put in. Bamboo slips are made of bamboo.

There are also people who use wood called wooden tablets. Parallel to the bamboo slips are wooden slips, which are made into rectangular pieces of wood and used to write short essays.

2. Roll loading. Also known as volume binding, it is an early form of book binding. Similar to framed calligraphy and paintings, a wooden shaft is installed at the left end of a long scroll of silk and paper books, and it is rotated and rolled up.

3. Whirlwind and folded. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, on the basis of the scroll outfit, there was a kind of whirlwind outfit, in the past, because only the record was seen, not the real thing, so the shape of the whirlwind suit was different, and some people thought that it was a whirlwind outfit that was connected end to end of the warp folding. After folding the origin of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, its shape is to frame the pages of the book in order, and then fold one front and one backward continuously, and then mount the front and back covers.

Typography. After the invention, the scroll and warp folding continued to be used, but in the use of materials, folios.

The size, decoration technology and other aspects, there are still new developments. And with the development of printing technology, new forms of book binding have also emerged, including butterfly binding, bag back binding, thread binding, etc.

4. Butterfly outfit. Butterfly binding is a new form of book binding that emerged after the invention of printing. The application of butterfly binding is a major reform of the book binding system.

It is the transformation of books from scrolls and warp folds to albums, which determines the basic binding form of book sales and hymns that have been used to this day.

5. Bag back. It refers to the heart of the page that will be printed.

Fold it in half outward, the book mouth is outward, and then bound into a book with paper twist, and then put on the book clothes, because the whole book is packaged with thick paper to make the skin, and the line eye is not seen, so it is called the back of the bag.

6. Wire mounting. Thread-bound books are the most commonly used binding method for ancient books. The difference between it and the bag back is that instead of wrapping the entire page, it uses one page at the front and one at the back.

Clothing, perforated and threaded, bound into a book.

I have it, I can share it with you, poke my avatar to see.

Before the invention of printing, books were copied on silk and paper, in the form of long scrolls, and when reading, they were usually rolled up. Books from this period could only be scroll-bound. Han Yu's poem "Sending Zhuge Liangjue to Suizhou to Study" said:

Ye Hou's family has many books, 30,000 shafts on the shelf, one by one hanging toothpicks, and the new hand has not touched. "Ouyang Xiu's "Returning to the Field" also said:"The books of the Tang Dynasty were all made into scrolls.

After the popularization of engraving printing, because the book plates were divided into blocks, the scroll binding was no longer applicable, and the ancient book binding was improved to the form of albums, and there were several forms of whirlwind binding, warp folding, bag back binding, and thread binding. The form of wire mounting has been used to this day.

Butterfly binding is a new form of book binding that emerged after the invention of printing. Some people speculate that the five generations of Feng Dao organized the engraving of Confucian classics and used butterfly costumes, but there is no physical inheritance, and it is difficult to determine. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the scriptures and historical works printed were all dressed in butterflies, and they were soon popularized throughout the country.

Since the Liao Dynasty, butterfly costumes have also been used, and their progress is roughly the same as that in the Central Plains. The application of butterfly binding is a major change in the form of book binding. It was the transformation of books from scrolls and warp folds to albums, which determined the basic binding form of books that has been used to this day.

The Yuan Dynasty had outstanding achievements in publishing, printing, etc., for example, the variety of printed books exceeded that of previous generations; The first and application of wooden movable type, the implementation and wide application of vermilion ink two-color overprinted books and bag backs.

The binding form of books published in the Yuan Dynasty was mainly butterfly binding and warp folding, and butterfly binding was mostly used for general books, such as compiled and printed books on scripture and history. Sutra folding is mostly used for Buddhist scriptures. In terms of fonts, Zhao style is mostly used, and in the words that appear in the folk, more simplified characters are used.

Since the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, books are mostly packed in bags. The process characteristics of the color back are as follows: the page is folded outwards with the text in the middle of the seam, after the page is matched, the staple is in the blank edge of the page, the paper is twisted through the staple and tied flat, the staple is cut outside, the back of the book is brushed with paste, and the cover is pasted, and the upper and lower book openings are cut.

Generally, books are mostly covered with thick paper, and books used in the court are framed with yellow silk on paper. In the book "Secretary and Supervision Chronicles" printed in the Yuan Dynasty, there is a recipe for batter materials made by Jiao Qing'an, a watchmaker: yellow wax, gelatin, alum, baiji, quinoa basket, soaphorn, and thatch, half a penny of Huoxiang, five coins of white flour, half a catty of hard firewood, and two taels of charcoal.

This recipe includes three parts: adhesives, preservatives and fragrances, which shows that the materials used for book binding at that time were very scientific, and it can make books last for a long time

The main binding form of the Tang Dynasty was (scroll binding).

Extended information: Scroll binding began with silk books, and was applied to paper books when paper books were prevalent in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and were used in all dynasties in the future, and scroll binding is still used in modern mounting calligraphy and painting.

The scroll binding evolved from the form of binding in which Jian Ce was rolled into a bunch. The method is to glue a shaft (usually a wooden shaft) to the end of the long scroll and roll the scroll on the shaft. In the book of silk, the article is written directly on the silk, and the book of paper is written on the paper on which the text is glued to the long scroll in turn.

The frontispiece of a scroll is usually bonded to a piece of paper or silk called a "mounting". The texture of the mount is tough, does not write, and plays a protective role.

Ribbons were then tied around the mounting, and the scrolls were bound. A skewer is worn at the end of the ribbon and the ribbon is fixed after it is tied. When reading, open the long scroll, gradually stretch it as the reading progresses, and when the reading is finished, roll up the scroll with the scroll, tie it with a frontispiece ribbon, and place it on the shelf.