What is the impact of changes in China s foreign trade policy on major domestic interest groups?

(1) the general trend of economic development and the political and economic situation of the country; (2) the level of development of the country's productive forces, its position in the world market and its relative power to other countries; and (3) the domestic economic situation and the constraints and influences of economic policies in each period.

Legal analysis: From the perspective of the internal composition of foreign policy, it should include three levels: 1. General foreign policy, including general import policy and export policy

This is a basic foreign policy formulated for a relatively long period of time in accordance with the overall situation of the country's national economy, the country's economic and political position on the world stage, the country's economic development strategy, the competitiveness of its products in the world market, and the country's resources and industrial structure. 2. Foreign country (or regional) policy: This is a foreign policy that adapts to a specific country (or region) based on the general foreign policy and the world economic and political situation, and the economic and political relations between the country and different countries (or regions).

3. Specific foreign policies, also known as import and export commodity policies: This is based on the general foreign policy, according to the development needs of different industries, the demand and situation of different commodities at home and abroad, and the competitiveness in the world market, respectively, the foreign policy applicable to different industries or different categories of commodities.

Legal basis: Customs Law of the People's Republic of China Article 11 Consignees and consignors of import and export goods and customs declaration enterprises must be registered with the customs in accordance with the law to go through customs declaration procedures. Customs declarants must obtain the qualifications for customs declaration in accordance with the law.

Enterprises that have not been registered with the customs in accordance with the law and personnel who have not obtained customs declaration qualifications in accordance with the law shall not be allowed to engage in customs declaration business. Customs declaration enterprises and customs declarants shall not illegally declare customs to others, or carry out customs declaration activities beyond the scope of their business.

Legal Analysis: (1) The Medieval Period – Policies of Agitation and Restriction of Exports.

2) The period of preparation for the capitalist mode of production – the mercantilist policy of Jia Yi.

Article 5 The People's Republic of China shall, in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit, promote and develop relations with other countries and regions, conclude or participate in regional economic agreements such as customs union agreements and free zone agreements, and participate in regional economic organizations.

Analyse. Advantages of a strategic policy:

1) Strategic trade policies can help countries expand exports and promote economic growth and development;

2) It can improve the quality and efficiency of products, and improve and improve national productivity;

3) It can effectively lower the technical threshold and improve the national innovation environment;

4) It can promote the development of domestic industrial technology and promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises.

Disadvantages of strategic** policies:

1) Strategic trade policies may lead to unfair and unreasonable policies, such as sacrificing the interests of certain countries to protect their own interests;

2) It may make enterprises abuse the competitive advantage of being subsidized, and enterprises will fall into low-price competition and form a monopoly;

3) it may crowd out other countries' enterprises, reduce other countries' exports, and cause damage to other countries' economic development and export products;

4) It may undermine the market mechanism, affect liberalization, and exacerbate conflicts between countries.

1.Pros: It is conducive to the best exchanges between the two countries; It can better guide enterprises how to enter the Qing Dynasty and act cautiously internationally**; It can also promote economic cooperation between the two countries; Respectfully.

2.Disadvantages: Strategic ** policy contains the possibility of bringing investment risks, which is possible.

With the highest goal of national interests, policy guidance is often at the expense of the economic interests of other countries, and the use of this policy may lead to retaliation from other countries. The effect is negated when used in multiple countries. Paibi.

The strategic policy protects those industrial ,.. with high technology content, obvious external effects, and outstanding dynamic economies of scale

Strategic policies may be manipulated by specific political interest groups in the country, resulting in inefficient resource allocation to the detriment of other lead industries.

Supporting domestic firms through protective policies may deepen firms' dependence on them and even create 'moral hazard'

Under the monopoly market structure of low trust, the first to intervene in the first activity to change the market structure or environment to improve the international competitiveness of domestic enterprises, so that the domestic reputation of the enterprises to obtain more monopoly profits or rent.

Intra-company international** refers to the exchange and sale of goods, services, technology, information and capital between subsidiaries or branches of different countries controlled by the headquarters of the same multinational company. Motivation for the rapid development of the international ** within the company:

1. Prevent the spread and loss of technological advantages.

2. Reduce the uncertainty of external market transactions.

3. It can reduce the losses caused by the incomplete international market.

4. You can use the transfer ** to obtain high profits.

Motivation for the rapid development of the international ** within the company:

1. Prevent the spread and loss of technological advantages.

2. Reduce the uncertainty of external market transactions.

3. It can reduce the losses caused by the incomplete international market.

4. You can use the transfer ** to obtain high profits.

The impact of international ** on a country's economy varies from country to country, and for most countries it can promote economic development, and make the distribution of social resources more reasonable, so that some resources are concentrated in only a few countries. But at the same time, the international world has exacerbated the fragility of the world economy, and the world economy is increasingly integrated, so that both prosperity and loss are lost.

A surplus indicates an increase in foreign exchange reserves.

Some experts and scholars believe that China's huge surplus is not a good thing for China's economic development. Although the increasing surplus has played a positive role in stimulating economic growth and increasing foreign exchange reserves, it will also cause new friction and bring uncertainty to economic growth; The excessive foreign exchange reserves brought about by the surplus will also increase the pressure on the appreciation of the renminbi and financial risks. The deeper impact caused by the huge ** surplus is that it will intensify China's dependence on foreign trade, and it is also not conducive to the transformation of foreign trade growth mode.

From the macroeconomic level, the reduction of the surplus in a certain period of time does not mean a negative impact on the economic operation, and its pros and cons to China's economic development depend to a large extent on the structure of imported products. However, if the growth rate of imports is too high and the balance of payments changes seriously, it will trigger a series of adverse effects on macroeconomic development, such as the depreciation of the renminbi exchange rate, capital flight, and domestic inflation. Therefore, we should pay close attention to the development and change trend of import quantity, especially the import structure, pursue advantages and avoid disadvantages, and make the development of imports more suitable for the objective needs of China's economic growth.

If imports and exports account for a large proportion of the national economy, then foreign affairs can determine the development status of a country.

Politics: The imperfection and difference of the political and legal systems lead to many enterprises being prone to fall into legal blind spots when entering the markets of other countries, resulting in unsatisfactory or even failed operations.

Diplomacy: When making outbound investments, the political, economic, and other circumstances of the investee country are underestimated, such as the investment in Libya that suffered huge losses due to the outbreak of civil war.

Production: Over-reliance on cheap labor to bring the best advantages, most of the export products are low value-added primary products or low-tech labor-intensive products, on the one hand, leading to a waste of human resources, on the other hand, but also for many countries to carry out anti-dumping as an excuse for protectionism.

Global: On a global scale, the impact of the economic crisis has led to a contraction in global market demand and a rise in protectionism. **Friction increases, and various implicit and non-implicit barriers are strengthened.

International trade (international trade), also known as commerce, refers to the transaction of goods and services across national borders, which is generally composed of imports and exports, so it can also be called import and export. International**also called the world**. Import and export can regulate the utilization rate of domestic production factors, improve the international supply and demand relationship, adjust the economic structure, and increase fiscal revenue.

The role of the international ** on a single country.

1. Regulate the supply and demand relationship in the markets of various countries.

2. Continuation of social reproduction.

3. Promote the full use of factors of production.

4. Give full play to comparative advantages and improve production efficiency.

5. Improve the level of production technology and optimize the domestic industrial structure.

6. Increase fiscal revenue.

7. Strengthen economic ties between countries and promote economic development.

The role of the international ** in the world.

1. International is an important means for all countries in the world to participate in the international division of labor and realize the smooth progress of social reproduction.

2. International science and technology exchange is an important way for countries around the world to carry out scientific and technological exchanges.

3. International development is an important tool for countries around the world to carry out political and diplomatic struggles.

4. International relations are the core of foreign economic relations between countries in the world.

5. International is an important channel for "transmission" in the international economy.

The role of the international community in the world economy.

International cooperation is the main means to achieve a win-win situation between countries through the division of labor, and the international competition is based on mutual exchange, complementary advantages, and division of labor and cooperation, so that both sides can give full play to their respective strengths and quantify limited resources. In this process of division of labor, cooperation and quantification, the economy has developed by leaps and bounds. Through **, we can obtain resources and goods that are lacking at home, and similarly, we can export local surplus products to countries in need.

International ** to improve productivity, increase people's income, improve living standards and quality of life. Obviously, these are the results of international economic development.