What are the suitable environmental conditions for grape storage?

The grapes should be stored at a suitable temperature of 90% -95% relative humidity, 5% -23% oxygen and 5-8% carbon dioxide. Grape grains belong to the respiration non-leap type, while the cob belongs to the leap type, and the controlled atmosphere storage can delay the greening of the cob and the change of the grapes, the suitable storage temperature of the grapes is -, the relative humidity is 90% -95%, the oxygen is 5% -23%, and the carbon dioxide is 5% -8%. Grape grains belong to the respiration non-leap type, while the cob is a jump type, and controlled atmosphere storage can delay the greening of the cob, the softening of the fruit and the weakening of the flavor.

Refrigeration is the main way to store and preserve grapes in modern times, and this storage method is not limited by environmental conditions and can be used throughout the country. Mechanical cold storage storage method is the main method of this kind of storage and preservation, which is mainly with the help of mechanical refrigeration system, the heat in the warehouse is transferred to the outside of the warehouse, so that the temperature in the warehouse is reduced, and it is kept in the range conducive to grape storage. It has the advantage of fast cooling and rapid cooling, and can maintain the low temperature (-1 0) and relative temperature (90% 95%) required by the grapes, which is suitable for the storage of the product.

However, attention should be paid to cold injury and frost damage in storage. <>

Grape varieties suitable for storage, the grapes for storage must be late-maturing varieties and must be harvested in mid-October, i.e. around the time of frost. The peel is thick, the texture is dense, the ear does not fall during storage, and there are no diseases, pests and institutional damage. Secondary fruits of varieties such as red grapes, longan, white milk, Italian, Zexiang, Jufeng and rose can be stored.

Suitable environmental conditions for the storage of grapes. The suitable environmental conditions for storing grapes are: maintain a low temperature and constant temperature of 1-1, a relative humidity of 90 95, oxygen of 2 4 and carbon dioxide of 3 5, and fumigate with sulfur in a timely manner.

Methods of storage. Tank trapping method. First pour 2 cm deep water into the washed tank, set up a small wooden grate 10 cm from the bottom of the tank, put 3 4 layers of grapes on it, to the waist of the tank, add a grate, and then put 3 4 layers of grapes, after filling the tank, cover the top of the cylinder with millimeter film, and put it in the idle room.

Kiln storage method. In the dry shade of the height, dig to a depth of 2 meters, a width of meters, a length of 3 5 meters of east-west underground kiln, the top of the kiln to build beams. After laying sorghum straw or corn stalks, spread 30 cm thick mountain grass, then cover 20 cm of soil, open a 50 cm square entrance at the kiln ** or one end, leave a ventilation hole at the other end, and set up 3 4 layers of shelves on one side of the kiln to store grapes; On the other side of the kiln, a 40 cm wide walkway is left.

When the kiln temperature drops to 1, the grapes can be stored in the kiln. During the storage period, the temperature difference between day and night in the open field can be used to take measures to adjust the temperature in the kiln. Methods to prevent mildew and deterioration in grape storage.

Before the grapes are harvested, you can spray 500 times of 30 compound carbendazim on the shelf. Before storage, it should be pre-cooled in a cool, ventilated place with considerable humidity. After the grapes are put into the tank (kiln), they are fumigated with sulfur and sterilized.

Each cubic meter of space can be lit with 3 4 grams of sulfur and smoked for 30 to 50 minutes. Mix sodium bisulfite or sodium metabisulfite with ground silica gel according to 3:1, every 5 10 grams in a pack, according to the weight of the grapes, put it into the box or basket where the grapes are stored.

During storage, check regularly to remove sick and bad grains. When the room temperature drops to -3 by the cylinder storage method, the top of the cylinder is covered, a sack is added, and the cylinder is insulated with a straw curtain around the cylinder. <>

Reduced-pressure storage and low-temperature and low-pressure storage are a development direction for the storage of grapes and other fruits. This method is to store the grapes in a closed room, extract part of the air with a vacuum, so that the internal air pressure drops to a certain extent, and the fresh air continues to pass through the pressure regulator and humidification machine, and then becomes air with approximate saturated humidity into the storage room, so as to remove the field heat, respiratory heat and the unfavorable factors such as ethylene, carbon dioxide, ethanol, acetaldehyde and other unfavorable factors produced by metabolism, so that the storage items are in the best dormant state for a long time. In China, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia has also launched the application technology of industrial decompression fresh-keeping storage system and device.

This method of storage reduces the respiration intensity and ethylene production of the grapes, prevents senescence and reduces the physiological diseases of the grapes. It is an ideal technology for grape preservation. <>

1. Temperature.

The minimum temperature required for grape growth is about 12 -15, the minimum ground temperature is about 10 -13, the optimal temperature for flowering is about 20, and the optimal temperature for fruit expansion is 20-30.

2. Moisture. Grapes have high water requirements, and strict control of soil moisture is a prerequisite for growing good grapes. Grapes require more water in the early growth or vegetative growth period, and in the later growth or fruiting period, the roots are weaker and require less water, so it is necessary to avoid damaging the roots so as not to affect the quality.

3. Lighting. Grapes must have a certain intensity of light during normal growth, but when the light is too strong, especially when the grapes enter the hard core period, sunburn is more likely to occur. When the sunshine is insufficient, it is easy to cause poor corolla shedding during the flowering period and low fertilization rate.

4. Soil. Although grapes can be cultivated in a variety of soils (after modification), loam and fine sandy loam are the best, although the sandy soil has good air permeability but poor fertilizer and water retention. Loam soils are intermediate between sandy and clayey soils. Its water and fertilizer retention ability is strong, most of them are more fertile, when the grapes grow vigorously, they are more likely to flow flowers and unisexual fruits, and when the high temperature and light conditions are good, they have good fruit setting and high yield.

5. Nutrition. Grapes are similar to most crops, and there are about 17 kinds of nutrients needed for their growth: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, cobalt, carbon and oxygen in the base are carbon dioxide in the air during photosynthesis, hydrogen comes from soil moisture, and most of the other elements are absorbed from the soil by roots except nitrogen.

There are not too many requirements, except for deserts and seaside places where there is too much acidity and alkaline, other places can be planted grapes on the requirements of environmental conditions 1. Grapes are temperature-loving plants. In early spring, the temperature of 10oC begins to germinate, and the higher the temperature, the faster the germination. The flowering period is suitable for 25-30oC, and it is suitable to meet low temperature (below 15oC), rain and fog, and dry wind

Loose soil: The grape has a well-developed root system and does not have high requirements for the soil. Hydrated:

The maximum water holding capacity in the field at the early stage of germination growth is 60%-80%. Light requirements: If there is enough sun, the leaves will be thick and dark green.

Control temperature: 10-12 at the germination stage and 25-30 at the flowering stage.

1. Loose soil

Grapes have well-developed root systems, strong water absorption, and low requirements for the soil, but they can grow vigorously in a fertile and loose, well-drained substrate, and if it is in the rainy season, it is necessary to drain the stagnant water in time to avoid plant rot and even death.

2. Sufficient moisture

During the growth period of grapes, the demand for water is large, and the water requirements are different at each stage, the maximum water holding capacity in the field at the beginning of bud growth is 60%-80%, the soil water holding capacity at the flowering and fruit setting stage should be maintained at 60%-70%, and the field water holding capacity at the ripening stage of berries is 50%-60%.

3. Light requirements

Grapes are light-loving plants, very sensitive to light, if the sun is sufficient, the leaves are thick and dark green, and the plant grows robustly, the flower buds are well differentiated, and the lack of light will cause flower and fruit drops, and the fruit coloring is not good, which affects the yield.

4. Maintain temperature

Temperature is one of the most important living conditions for grapes, the suitable temperature for budding is 10-12, when the temperature is lower than 10, the new shoots can not grow normally, the suitable temperature for flowering is 25-30, and the temperature for berry ripening is 28-32.

1. One of the keys to the quality of grape storage is the characteristics of the variety. There are many grape varieties in China, and many varieties are relatively shelf-stable. For example, longan, black man, new rose, white lotus seed, Italian, rose incense, etc.

Generally speaking, the slippery deficit of late-ripening varieties is more shelf-stable than that of early-maturing varieties. Some varieties are prone to fruit fall off or fruit stalk fracture during storage and transportation, which is not suitable for long-term storage. Some white grape varieties are susceptible to bruising and brown markings, so special care needs to be taken during handling.

Avoid chafing. 2. As a storage town for the storage of grapes, the irrigation should be stopped about a week before harvest to increase the sugar content of the grapes, so as to facilitate storage. If the grapes are heavily watered or rainy before harvesting, they are prone to rot during storage.

3. Because the grapes do not have the effect of ripening, so in the case of climate and production conditions, the harvest period should be delayed as much as possible, the later the grapes, the higher the sugar content, the thicker the skin, toughness, good color, and storage resistance. In some places, grapes are left on the plant until most of the leaves have fallen off, giving them enough time to accumulate sugar. At the same time, due to the late harvest, the post-harvest temperature is already very low, which is conducive to storage.

For grapes used for storage, it is advisable to harvest grapes in the early morning or evening when the weather is sunny and the temperature is low, carefully cut the ears, remove the diseased and insect fruits, and pack them in baskets or boxes.

4. Grapes are prone to dry stalks, wrinkles, threshing and rotting during storage or transportation, which are related to the characteristics of the variety, as well as the storage conditions and management.

5. The suitable storage temperature of grapes is -1 0, and the relative humidity is about 90. The freezing point of grape fruit varies according to the sugar content, the higher the sugar content, the lower the freezing point, generally around -3. Most varieties do not freeze at -2, but unripe fruit with low stalks and soluble solids freezes.

High humidity conditions can reduce water loss and make the fruit fresh. Dehydration of grapes can lead to a decrease in quality and a deterioration in appearance. The use of sulfur dioxide fumigation reduces decay caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

The climate, soil and moisture in the external environment have a great influence on the growth and development of grapes. Grapes have certain requirements for environmental conditions.

1) Temperature grape is a temperature-loving fruit tree. When the average temperature of the day reaches 10 or more, the buds begin to germinate. The temperature of new shoot growth and flower bud differentiation is 25 30, and when the temperature reaches 40 or more, the leaves are damaged, and the fruit is sunburned.

The suitable temperature for berry ripening is 28 32, and both below 14 and above 38 are not good for fruit growth. A certain amount of heat is required from budding to full ripeness of the fruit, i.e., 10 active accumulated temperature (Table 1). The effective accumulated temperature is insufficient, the sugar content of the berries is low, the acid content is high, the coloration is poor, and the quality is reduced.

The amount of cooling required by the grapes through dormancy in winter is shown in Table 2.

2) Water grapes have a well-developed root system, strong water absorption ability, and strong drought resistance, but poor resistance of young trees. Generally, grapes need more water during the bud break, the vigorous growth period of new shoots, and the growing period of berries. Rainy or wet weather during the flowering period affects normal flowering and pollination.

The heavy rainfall during the ripening period of berries affects the coloring, causes fruit cracking, aggravates the disease, and reduces the quality. In the late stage of grape growth, there was too much rain, the new shoots grew late, and the branches were not ripe, which was not conducive to overwintering.

3) Light grapes are light-loving plants and are very sensitive to light. Sufficient light, the plant grows robustly and fully, the flower buds are well differentiated, the berries are colored quickly, the quality is good, and the yield is high. If the light conditions are insufficient, the branches are weak and the internodes are long, the tissue is not full, the flower buds are poorly differentiated, the yield is low, and the quality is poor.

However, if the light is too strong, the fruit is prone to sunburning.

4) Soil grapes are very adaptable to the soil, except for extremely clay soils and strong saline-alkali soils, general soils can be planted. However, the sandy loam soil with deep and fertile soil, loose soil and good aeration is the best. When the soil pH is 6, the grapes grow well, and when they exceed, they are prone to yellow leaf disease or dry and scorched leaf margins.

When the soil is salinity, the grapes begin to die, especially the young grapes, which are less tolerant to salinity.